메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 69, Issue 15, 2009, Pages 2025-2033

Do inhaled anticholinergics increase or decrease the risk of major cardiovascular events? A synthesis of the available evidence

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRONCHODILATING AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE; SCOPOLAMINE DERIVATIVE; TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE;

EID: 72149128736     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: 11791950     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/11318580-000000000-00000     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (27)

References (53)
  • 2
    • 0037269667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definition, epidemiology, course, and prognosis of COPD
    • Petty TL. Definition, epidemiology, course, and prognosis of COPD. Clin Cornerstone 2003; 5 (1): 1-10
    • (2003) Clin Cornerstone , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Petty, T.L.1
  • 3
    • 27144463075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbidity and mortality in COPD-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1979 to 2001
    • Oct
    • Holguin F, Folch E, Redd SC, et al. Comorbidity and mortality in COPD-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1979 to 2001. Chest 2005 Oct; 128 (4): 2005-11
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , Issue.4 , pp. 2005-2011
    • Holguin, F.1    Folch, E.2    Redd, S.C.3
  • 4
    • 19944365561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease
    • Jan
    • Sin DD, Man SF. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2005 Jan; 83 (1): 8-13
    • (2005) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-13
    • Sin, D.D.1    Man, S.F.2
  • 5
    • 45949111289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in COPD: Inevitable or preventable? Insights from the cardiovascular arena
    • Jun
    • Halpin D. Mortality in COPD: inevitable or preventable? Insights from the cardiovascular arena. COPD 2008 Jun; 5 (3): 187-200
    • (2008) COPD , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-200
    • Halpin, D.1
  • 6
    • 2442520518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptor agonist use in patients with obstructive airway disease: A systematic review
    • 2-adrenoceptor agonist use in patients with obstructive airway disease: a systematic review. Drugs Aging 2004; 21 (6): 405-14
    • (2004) Drugs Aging , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 405-414
    • Salpeter, S.R.1
  • 7
    • 2942744546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: A meta-analysis
    • Jun
    • Salpeter SR, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis. Chest 2004 Jun; 125 (6): 2309-21
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , Issue.6 , pp. 2309-2321
    • Salpeter, S.R.1    Ormiston, T.M.2    Salpeter, E.E.3
  • 8
    • 0034108346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of myocardial infarction associated with inhaled beta-adrenoceptor agonists
    • Mar
    • Au DH, Lemaitre RN, Curtis JR, et al. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with inhaled beta-adrenoceptor agonists. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 Mar; 161 (3 Pt 1): 827-30
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 827-830
    • Au, D.H.1    Lemaitre, R.N.2    Curtis, J.R.3
  • 9
    • 0029153498 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory illness, beta-agonists, and risk of idiopathic dilated cardio-myopathy: The washington, DC, dilated cardiomyopathy study
    • Aug 15
    • Coughlin SS, Metayer C, McCarthy EP, et al. Respiratory illness, beta-agonists, and risk of idiopathic dilated cardio-myopathy: the Washington, DC, Dilated Cardiomyopathy Study. Am J Epidemiol 1995 Aug 15; 142 (4): 395-403
    • (1995) Am J Epidemiol , vol.142 , Issue.4 , pp. 395-403
    • Coughlin, S.S.1    Metayer, C.2    McCarthy, E.P.3
  • 10
    • 0036695846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma, betaagonists, and development of congestive heart failure: Results of the ABCHF study
    • Aug
    • Sengstock DM, Obeidat O, Pasnoori V, et al. Asthma, betaagonists, and development of congestive heart failure: results of the ABCHF study. J Card Fail 2002 Aug; 8 (4): 232-8
    • (2002) J Card Fail , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 232-238
    • Sengstock, D.M.1    Obeidat, O.2    Pasnoori, V.3
  • 11
    • 42149094428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and the use of inhaled bronchodilators
    • Macie C, Wooldrage K, Manfreda J, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and the use of inhaled bronchodilators. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2008; 3 (1): 163-9
    • (2008) Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-169
    • Macie, C.1    Wooldrage, K.2    Manfreda, J.3
  • 12
    • 40049098450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of cancers and cardiovascular diseases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Mar
    • Sin DD, Man SF. Impact of cancers and cardiovascular diseases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2008 Mar; 14 (2): 115-21
    • (2008) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-121
    • Sin, D.D.1    Man, S.F.2
  • 13
    • 42549171081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart and lungs in COPD: Close friends in real life - Separate in daily medical practice?
    • Mar
    • Lusuardi M, Garuti G, Massobrio M, et al. Heart and lungs in COPD: close friends in real life - separate in daily medical practice? Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2008 Mar; 69 (1): 11-7
    • (2008) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-17
    • Lusuardi, M.1    Garuti, G.2    Massobrio, M.3
  • 14
    • 51949090107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk for death associated with medications for recently diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Sep 16
    • Lee TA, Pickard AS, Au DH, et al. Risk for death associated with medications for recently diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med 2008 Sep 16; 149 (6): 380-90
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med , vol.149 , Issue.6 , pp. 380-390
    • Lee, T.A.1    Pickard, A.S.2    Au, D.H.3
  • 15
    • 52449106502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Sep 24
    • Singh S, Loke YK, Furberg CD. Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2008 Sep 24; 300 (12): 1439-50
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , Issue.12 , pp. 1439-1450
    • Singh, S.1    Loke, Y.K.2    Furberg, C.D.3
  • 16
    • 84875166192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular events associated with ipratropium bromide in COPD
    • Apr 10
    • Ogale SS, Lee TA, Au DH, et al. Cardiovascular events associated with ipratropium bromide in COPD. Chest. Epub 2009 Apr 10
    • (2009) Chest. Epub
    • Ogale, S.S.1    Lee, T.A.2    Au, D.H.3
  • 17
    • 53749102775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Oct 9
    • Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, et al. A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2008 Oct 9; 359 (15): 1543-54
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , Issue.15 , pp. 1543-1554
    • Tashkin, D.P.1    Celli, B.2    Senn, S.3
  • 18
    • 0036683267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospitalizations and mortality in the lung health study
    • Aug 1
    • Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Enright PL, et al. Hospitalizations and mortality in the Lung Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 Aug 1; 166 (3): 333-9
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , Issue.3 , pp. 333-339
    • Anthonisen, N.R.1    Connett, J.E.2    Enright, P.L.3
  • 19
    • 33847172367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Feb 22
    • Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, et al. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2007 Feb 22; 356 (8): 775-89
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , Issue.8 , pp. 775-789
    • Calverley, P.M.1    Anderson, J.A.2    Celli, B.3
  • 20
    • 13844318259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of anticholinergics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Dec 20
    • Barnes PJ. The role of anticholinergics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Med 2004 Dec 20; 117 Suppl. 12A: 24-32S
    • (2004) Am J Med , vol.117 , Issue.SUPPL. 12A
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 21
    • 33748369326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Anticholinergics, but not beta-agonists, reduce severe exacerbations and respiratory mortality in COPD
    • Oct
    • Salpeter SR, Buckley NS, Salpeter EE. Meta-analysis: anticholinergics, but not beta-agonists, reduce severe exacerbations and respiratory mortality in COPD. J Gen Intern Med 2006 Oct; 21 (10): 1011-9
    • (2006) J Gen Intern Med , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1011-1019
    • Salpeter, S.R.1    Buckley, N.S.2    Salpeter, E.E.3
  • 22
    • 33750029372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis
    • Oct
    • Barr RG, Bourbeau J, Camargo CA, et al. Tiotropium for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Thorax 2006 Oct; 61 (10): 854-62
    • (2006) Thorax , vol.61 , Issue.10 , pp. 854-862
    • Barr, R.G.1    Bourbeau, J.2    Camargo, C.A.3
  • 23
    • 21844441437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled tiotropium for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barr RG, Bourbeau J, Camargo CA, et al. Inhaled tiotropium for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; (2): CD002876
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.2
    • Barr, R.G.1    Bourbeau, J.2    Camargo, C.A.3
  • 24
    • 33751332229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Beta-agonist use compared with anticholinergics and inhaled corticosteroids
    • Salpeter SR, Buckley NS. Systematic review of clinical outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: beta-agonist use compared with anticholinergics and inhaled corticosteroids. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2006; 31 (2-3): 219-30
    • (2006) Clin Rev Allergy Immunol , vol.31 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 219-230
    • Salpeter, S.R.1    Buckley, N.S.2
  • 25
    • 48749129297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival with tiotropium compared to long-acting beta-2-agonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Aug
    • Gershon AS, Wang L, To T, et al. Survival with tiotropium compared to long-acting beta-2-agonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD 2008 Aug; 5 (4): 229-34
    • (2008) COPD , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 229-234
    • Gershon, A.S.1    Wang, L.2    To, T.3
  • 26
    • 60249090111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability and risk benefit analysis of tiotropium in COPD
    • Oba Y, Zaza T, Thameem DM. Safety, tolerability and risk benefit analysis of tiotropium in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2008; 3 (4): 575-84
    • (2008) Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 575-584
    • Oba, Y.1    Zaza, T.2    Thameem, D.M.3
  • 27
    • 33845938174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pooled clinical trial analysis of tiotropium safety
    • Dec
    • Kesten S, Jara M, Wentworth C, et al. Pooled clinical trial analysis of tiotropium safety. Chest 2006 Dec; 130 (6): 1695-703
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , Issue.6 , pp. 1695-1703
    • Kesten, S.1    Jara, M.2    Wentworth, C.3
  • 28
    • 38049130486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dose-ranging study of tiotropium delivered via respimat soft mist inhaler or HandiHaler in COPD patients
    • Caillaud D, Le Merre C, Martinat Y, et al. A dose-ranging study of tiotropium delivered via Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler or HandiHaler in COPD patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2007; 2 (4): 559-65
    • (2007) Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 559-565
    • Caillaud, D.1    Le Merre, C.2    Martinat, Y.3
  • 29
    • 2442580222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias: Executive summary
    • A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Supra-ventricular Arrhythmias) Oct 14
    • Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Scheinman MM, Aliot EM, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Supra-ventricular Arrhythmias). Circulation 2003 Oct 14; 108 (15): 1871-909
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , Issue.15 , pp. 1871-1909
    • Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C.1    Scheinman, M.M.2    Aliot, E.M.3
  • 30
    • 0031931305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tachycardia: An important determinant of coronary risk in hypertension
    • Jan
    • Julius S, Palatini P, Nesbitt SD. Tachycardia: an important determinant of coronary risk in hypertension. J Hypertens Suppl 1998 Jan; 16 (1): S9-15
    • (1998) J Hypertens Suppl , vol.16 , Issue.1
    • Julius, S.1    Palatini, P.2    Nesbitt, S.D.3
  • 31
    • 0037252077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy
    • Jan
    • Umana E, Solares CA, Alpert MA. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Am J Med 2003 Jan; 114 (1): 51-5
    • (2003) Am J Med , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-55
    • Umana, E.1    Solares, C.A.2    Alpert, M.A.3
  • 32
    • 0036062316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate during myocardial infarction: Relationship with one-year global mortality in men and women
    • May
    • Berton GS, Cordiano R, Palmieri R, et al. Heart rate during myocardial infarction: relationship with one-year global mortality in men and women. Can J Cardiol 2002 May; 18 (5): 495-502
    • (2002) Can J Cardiol , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 495-502
    • Berton, G.S.1    Cordiano, R.2    Palmieri, R.3
  • 33
    • 0035028441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting heart rate as a predictive risk factor for sudden death in middle-aged men
    • May
    • Jouven X, Zureik M, Desnos M, et al. Resting heart rate as a predictive risk factor for sudden death in middle-aged men. Cardiovasc Res 2001 May; 50 (2): 373-8
    • (2001) Cardiovasc Res , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-378
    • Jouven, X.1    Zureik, M.2    Desnos, M.3
  • 34
    • 69449088107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium and risk for fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Systematic review with meta-analysis
    • Jun 23
    • Rodrigo GJ, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Nannini LJ, et al. Tiotropium and risk for fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review with meta-analysis. Respir Med. Epub 2009 Jun 23
    • (2009) Respir Med. Epub
    • Rodrigo, G.J.1    Castro-Rodriguez, J.A.2    Nannini, L.J.3
  • 35
    • 61349116128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of inhaled anticholinergics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Is there cause for concern? A review of evidence from clinical trials
    • Jan-Feb
    • Sindi A, McIvor A. The use of inhaled anticholinergics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: is there cause for concern? A review of evidence from clinical trials. Pol Arch Med Wewn 2009 Jan-Feb; 119 (1-2): 74-8
    • (2009) Pol Arch Med Wewn , vol.119 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 74-78
    • Sindi, A.1    McIvor, A.2
  • 36
    • 73949125530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular safety of tiotropium in patients with COPD
    • Jul 10
    • Celli B, Decramer M, Leimer I, et al. Cardiovascular safety of tiotropium in patients with COPD. Chest. Epub 2009 Jul 10
    • (2009) Chest. Epub
    • Celli, B.1    Decramer, M.2    Leimer, I.3
  • 37
    • 0037362716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ipratropium and lung health study
    • Mar 1 author reply 802
    • Lanes S, Golisch W, Mikl J. Ipratropium and lung health study. AmJ Respir Crit Care Med 2003 Mar 1; 167 (5): 801; author reply 802
    • (2003) AmJ Respir Crit Care Med , vol.167 , Issue.5 , pp. 801
    • Lanes, S.1    Golisch, W.2    Mikl, J.3
  • 38
    • 38849186086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature discontinuation of patients: A potential bias in COPD clinical trials
    • Nov
    • Kesten S, Plautz M, Piquette CA, et al. Premature discontinuation of patients: a potential bias in COPD clinical trials. Eur Respir J 2007 Nov; 30 (5): 898-906
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 898-906
    • Kesten, S.1    Plautz, M.2    Piquette, C.A.3
  • 39
    • 84875196467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chest 2008: A review of anticholinergic inhalers for COPD patients
    • URL [Accessed 2009 Aug 24]
    • Chest 2008: a review of anticholinergic inhalers for COPD patients. Developed by session faculty and the ACCP COPD Task Force [online]. Available from URL: http://www.chestnet.org/networks/airway-disorders/ ACCPAnticholinergics.pdf [Accessed 2009 Aug 24]
    • Developed by Session Faculty and the ACCP COPD Task Force
  • 40
    • 58149394163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Jan 8 author reply 187
    • Singh S, Furberg CD, Loke YK. Tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2009 Jan 8; 360 (2): 186; author reply 187
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.2 , pp. 186
    • Singh, S.1    Furberg, C.D.2    Loke, Y.K.3
  • 42
    • 0038366897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thorax 2003; 58 (5): 399-404
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , Issue.5 , pp. 399-404
  • 43
    • 0033748430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spirometric efficacy of once-daily dosing with tiotropium in stable COPD: A 13-week multicenter trial
    • US Tiotropium Study Group
    • Casaburi R, Briggs Jr DD, Donohue JF, et al., US Tiotropium Study Group. The spirometric efficacy of once-daily dosing with tiotropium in stable COPD: a 13-week multicenter trial. Chest 2000; 118 (5): 1294-302
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , Issue.5 , pp. 1294-1302
    • Casaburi, R.1    Briggs Jr., D.D.2    Donohue, J.F.3
  • 44
    • 0036181956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longterm evaluation of once daily-inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Casaburi R, Mahler DA, Jones PW, et al. A longterm evaluation of once daily-inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2002; 19 (2): 217-24
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-224
    • Casaburi, R.1    Mahler, D.A.2    Jones, P.W.3
  • 45
    • 39149134323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of tiotropium in canadian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • SAFE Study Group
    • Chan CK, Maltais F, Sigouin C, et al., SAFE Study Group. A randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of tiotropium in Canadian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Can Respir J 2007; 14 (8): 465-72
    • (2007) Can Respir J , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 465-472
    • Chan, C.K.1    Maltais, F.2    Sigouin, C.3
  • 46
    • 29044441927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of electrocardiographic findings and improved function with once-daily tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Covelli H, Bhattacharya S, Cassino C, et al. Absence of electrocardiographic findings and improved function with once-daily tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacotherapy 2005; 25 (12): 1708-18
    • (2005) Pharmacotherapy , vol.25 , Issue.12 , pp. 1708-1718
    • Covelli, H.1    Bhattacharya, S.2    Cassino, C.3
  • 48
    • 0032909636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of salmeterol xinafoate in the treatment of COPD
    • Mahler DA, Donohue JF, Barbee RA, et al. Efficacy of salmeterol xinafoate in the treatment of COPD. Chest 1999; 115 (4): 957-65
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , Issue.4 , pp. 957-965
    • Mahler, D.A.1    Donohue, J.F.2    Barbee, R.A.3
  • 49
    • 38049181343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium improves FEV1 in patients with COPD irrespective of smoking status
    • Moita J, Barbara C, Cardoso J, et al. Tiotropium improves FEV1 in patients with COPD irrespective of smoking status. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008; 21 (1): 146-51
    • (2008) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 146-151
    • Moita, J.1    Barbara, C.2    Cardoso, J.3
  • 50
    • 24644492301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium, a once-daily inhaled anticholinergic broncho-dilator: A randomized trial
    • Niewoehner DE, Rice K, Cote C, et al. Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium, a once-daily inhaled anticholinergic broncho-dilator: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2005; 143 (5): 317-26
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med , vol.143 , Issue.5 , pp. 317-326
    • Niewoehner, D.E.1    Rice, K.2    Cote, C.3
  • 51
    • 37849014833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tiotropium on sputum and serum inflammatory markers and exacerbations in COPD
    • Powrie DJ, Wilkinson TMA, Donaldson GC, et al. Effect of tiotropium on sputum and serum inflammatory markers and exacerbations in COPD. Eur Respir J 2007; 30 (3): 472-8
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 472-478
    • Powrie, D.J.1    Wilkinson, T.M.A.2    Donaldson, G.C.3
  • 52
    • 53749102775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, et al. A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1543-54
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.359 , pp. 1543-1554
    • Tashkin, D.P.1    Celli, B.2    Senn, S.3
  • 53
    • 36448952390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized study of tiotropium respimat soft mist™ inhaler vs. Ipratropium pMDI in COPD
    • Voshaar T, Lapidus R, Maleki-Yazdi R, et al. A randomized study of tiotropium respimat soft Mist™ inhaler vs. ipratropium pMDI in COPD. Respir Med 2008; 102 (1): 32-41
    • (2008) Respir Med , vol.102 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-41
    • Voshaar, T.1    Lapidus, R.2    Maleki-Yazdi, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.