Climate change and urban development in Africa

International Journal of Environmental Studies

Volumn 66, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 643-658

  Hope Sr , Kempe Ronald ^a  

^a UNITED NATIONS   (United States)

Author keywords

Africa; Cities; Climate change; Urban development; Urbanization

Indexed keywords

CITIES; CLIMATIC CHANGES; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; URBAN DEVELOPMENT;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

EID: 72049092054     PISSN: 00207233     EISSN: 10290400     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00207230903367955     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2007, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Available online at: http://www.ipcc.ch, (accessed 15 March 2009).
2. May, E. and Caron, Z., 2009, Global Warming for Dummies (Mississauga, Ontario: iley).
3. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), 2007, Human Development Report 2007/2008: Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).
4. Unmüßig, B. and Cramer, S., 2008, Climate Change in Africa (Hamburg: German Institute of Global and Area Studies).
5. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 2007, Africa, in: FAO (ed.) State of the World's Forests 2007 (Rome: FAO).
6. Collier, P., Conway, G. and Venables, T., 2008, Climate change and Africa. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 24(2), 337-353.
7. Hulme, M., Doherty, R., Ngara, T., New, M. and Lister, D., 2001, African climate change: 1900-2100. Climate Research, 17(2), 145-168.
8. Boko, M., Niang, I., Nyong, A., Vogel, C., Githeko, A., Medany, M., Osman-Elasha, B., Tabo, R. and Yanda, P., 2007, Africa. In: M. Parry, O. Canziani, J. Palutikof, P. van der Linden and C. Hanson (Eds) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 433-467.
9. NCDC (National Climatic Data Center), 2008, Global climate at a glance: mean temperature anomalies. Available online at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/gcag/index.jsp, (accessed 20 March 2009).
10. Ruosteenoja, K., Carter, T., Jylhä, K. and Tuomenvirt, H., 2003, Future Climate in World Regions: An Intercomparison of Model-Based Projections for the New IPCC Emission Scenarios (Helsinki: Finnish Environment Institute).
11. Hudson, D. and Jones, R., 2002, Regional Climate Model Simulations of Present Day and Future Climates of Southern Africa (Bracknell: Hadley Center).
12. Nicholson, S.E., 2001, Climatic and environmental change in Africa during the last two centuries. Climate Research, 17(2), 123-144.
13. Desanker, P.V. and Justice, C.O., 2001, Africa and global climate change: critical issues and suggestions for further research and integrated assessment modeling. Climate Research, 17(2), 93-103.
14. Barrios, S., Bertinelli, L. and Strobl, E., 2006, Climatic change and rural-urban migration: the case of sub- Saharan Africa. Journal of Urban Economics, 60(3), 357-371.
15. Chappell, A. and Agnew, C.T., 2004, Modelling climate change in West African Sahel rainfall (1931-90) as an artifact of changing station locations. International Journal of Climatology, 24(5), 547-554.
16. Dai, A., Lamb, P.J., Trenberth, K.E., Hulme, M., Jones, P.D. and Xie, P., 2004, The recent Sahel drought is real. International Journal of Climatology, 24(11), 1323-1331.
17. Malhi, Y. and Wright, J., 2004, Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 359(1443), 311-329.
18. Schreck, C.J. and Semazzi, F.H.M., 2004, Variability of the recent climate of Eastern Africa. International Journal of Climatology, 24(6), 681-701.
19. Bates, B.C., Kundzewicz, Z.W., Wu, S. and Palutikof, J.P. (Eds), 2008, Climate Change and Water: IPCC Technical Paper VI (Geneva: IPCC Secretariat).
20. Christensen, J.H., Hewitson, B., Busuioc, A., Chen, A., Gao, X., Held, I., Jones, R., Koli, R.K., Kwon, W.-T., Laprise, R., Rueda, V.M., Mearns, L., Menéndez, C.G., Räisänen, J., Rinke, A., Sarr, A. and Whetton, P., 2007, Regional climate projections. In: S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (Eds) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 847-940.
21. LaFleur, V., Purvis, N. and Jones, A., 2009, Double Jeopardy: What the Climate Crisis Means for the Poor (Washington, DC: Brookings Blum Roundtable, Brookings Institution).
22. Hope, K.R., 2008, Poverty, Livelihoods, and Governance in Africa: Fulfilling the Development Promise (New York: Palgrave Macmillan).
23. Hope, K.R., 1998, Urbanization and urban growth in Africa. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 33(4), 345-357.
24. UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements Programme), 2008, The State of African Cities 2008: A Framework for Addressing Urban Challenges in Africa (Nairobi: UN-HABITAT).
25. World Bank, 2009, Africa Development Indicators 2008/09: Youth and Employment in Africa (Washington, DC: World Bank).
26. Deshingkar, P. and Grimm, S., 2005, Internal Migration and Development: A Global Perspective (Geneva: International Organization for Migration).
27. Eriksen, S., O'Brien, K. and Rosentrater, L., 2008, Climate Change in Eastern and Southern Africa: Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation (Oslo: Global Environmental Change and Human Security (GECHS) International Project Office, University of Oslo).
28. Hope, K.R. and Lekorwe, M. (1999) Urbanization and the environment in Southern Africa: towards a managed framework for the sustainability of cities. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 42(6), 837-859.
29. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), 2008, Climate Change and Food Security: A Framework Document (Rome: FAO).
30. Parry, M.L., Rosenzweig, C., Iglesias, A., Livermore, M. and Fischer, G., 2004, Effects of climate change on global food production under SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environmental Change, 14(1), 53-67.
31. Nyong, A., 2009, Climate change impacts in the developing world: implications for sustainable development. In: L. Brainard, A. Jones and N. Purvis (Eds) Climate Change and Global Poverty: A Billion Lives in the Balance? (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press), pp. 43-64.
32. Nyong, A., 2005, The economic, developmental and livelihood implications of climate induced depletion of ecosystems and biodiversity in Africa. Written for WWF and Presented at the Scientific Symposium on Stabilization of Greenhouse Gases, Exeter, UK,. 1-3 February.
33. Case, M., 2006, Climate Change Impacts on East Africa: A Review of the Scientific Literature (Gland, Switzerland: World Wide Fund for Nature).
34. Molua, E.L. and Lambi, C.M., 2007, The economic impact of climate change on agriculture in Cameroon. Policy Research Working Paper 4364, World Bank, Washington, DC.
35. Dinar, A., Hassan, R., Mendelsohn, R., Benhin, J. and Others, 2008, Climate Change and Agriculture in Africa: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies (London: Earthscan).
36. APF (Africa Partnership Forum), 2008, Climate Challenges to Africa: A Call for Action. Available online at: http://www.africapartnershipforum.org, (accessed 15 March 2009).
37. Allison, E.H., Perry, A.L., Badjeck, M-C., Adger, W.N., Brown, K., Conway, D., Halls, A.S., Pilling, G.M., Reynolds, J.D., Andrew, N.L. and Dulvy, N.K., 2009, Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 10(2), 173-196.
38. Dodman, D., 2008, Against the tide: climate change and high-risk cities. IIED briefing, International Institute for Environment and Development, London.
39. Douglas, I., Kurshid, A., Maghenda, M., McDonnell, Y., McLean, L. and Campbell, J., 2008, Unjust waters: climate change, flooding and the urban poor in Africa. Environment and Urbanization, 20(1), 187-205.
40. McGranahan, G., Balk, D. and Anderson, B., 2007, The rising tide: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environment and Urbanization, 19(1), 17-37.
41. Dossou, K.M.R. and Gléhouenou-Dossou, B., 2007, The vulnerability to climate change of Cotonou (Benin): the rise in sea level. Environment and Urbanization, 19(1), 65-79.
42. City of Cape Town, 2008, Final Report: Sea-Level Rise Adaptation and Risk Mitigation Measures for the City of Cape Town. Available online at: http://www.capetown.gov.za, (accessed 20 March 2009).
43. Campbell-Lendrum, D. and Corvalán, C., 2007, Climate change and developing-country cities: implications for environmental health and equity. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 84(1), i109-i117.
44. WHO (World Health Organization), 2008, Protecting Health from Climate Change: World Health Day 2008 (Geneva: WHO).
45. Gallup, J.L. and Sachs, J.D., 2001, The economic burden of malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 64(1,2), 85-96.
46. Sachs, J. and Malaney, P., 2002, The economic and social burden of malaria. Nature, 415(6872), 680-685.
47. Henry, S., Schoumaker, B., and Beuchemin, C., 2004, The impact of rainfall on the first out-migration: a multilevel event-history analysis in Burkina Faso. Population and Environment, 25(5), 423-460.
48. ActionAid International, 2006, Climate Change, Urban Flooding and the Rights of the Urban Poor in Africa: Key Findings from Six African Cities (London: ActionAid International).
49. Brown, O., 2008, Migration and Climate Change (Geneva: International Organization for Migration).
50. Hein, L., Metzger, M.J. and Leemans, R., 2009, The local impacts of climate change in the Ferlo, Western Sahel. Climatic Change, 93(3-4), 465-483.
51. Girardet, H., 2008, Cities People Planet: Urban Development and Climate Change (Chichester: Wiley).
52. Hope, K.R., 1999, Managing rapid urbanization in Africa: some aspects of policy. Journal of Third World Studies, 16(2), 47-59.
53. Schipper, E.L.F., 2009, Meeting at the crossroads? Exploring the linkages between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Climate and Development, 1(1), 16-30.
54. Aaheim, A., Berkhout, F., McEvoy, D., Mechler, R., Neufeldt, H., Patt, A., Watkiss, P., Wreford, A., Kundzewicz, Z., Lavalle, C. and Egenhofer, C., 2008, Adaptation to climate change: why is it needed and how can it be implemented? CEPS Policy Brief No. 161, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels.
55. UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) Secretariat, (n.d.a.), Adaptation. Available online at: http://www.unfccc.int, (accessed 15 March 2009).
56. UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) Secretariat, (n.d.b.), LDC country information. Available online at: http://www.unfccc.int, (accessed 15 March 2009).
57. Swalheim, S. and Dodman, D., 2008, Building resilience: how the urban poor can drive climate adaptation. Sustainable Development Opinion. Available online at: http://www.iied.org, (accessed 20 March 2009).
58. Moser, C. and Satterthwaite, D., 2008, Towards Pro-Poor Adaptation to Climate Change in the Urban Centres of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (London: International Institute for Environment and Development).
59. Satterthwaite, D., Huq, S., Pelling, M., Reid, H. and Lankao, P.R., 2007, Adapting to Climate Change in Urban Areas: The Possibilities and Constraints in Low- and Middle-Income Nations (London: International Institute for Environment and Development).
60. Mukheibir, P. and Ziervogel, G., 2007, Developing a municipal adaptation plan (MAP) for climate change: the City of Cape Town. Environment and Urbanization, 19(1), 143-158.
61. Roberts, D., 2008, Thinking globally, acting locally - institutionalizing climate change at the local government level in Durban, South Africa. Environment and Urbanization, 20(2), 521-537.
62. eThekwini Municipality, 2007, Climate Change: What Does it Mean for eThekwini Municipality? (Durban: eThekwini Municipality).
63. Phalatse, L., 2008, Capacity building needs and opportunities from the perspective of municipal government. Prepared for the Workshop to Assess Needs and Opportunities, African Climate Change Fellowship Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,. 11-13 March.