On estimating the strength of calcite rocks under natural conditions

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 200, Issue , 2002, Pages 309-329

  De Bresser, J H P ^a   Evans, B ^b   Renner, J ^b,c  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 72049087228     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.200.01.18     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Behrmann, J. H. 1983. Microstructure and fabric transitions in calcite tectonites from the Sierra Alhamilla (Spain). Geologische Rundschau, 72, 605-618.
2. Bestmann, M., Kunze, K. & Matthews, A. 2000. Evolution of a calcite marble shear zone complex on Thassos Island, Greece: microstructural and textural fabrics and their kinematic significance. Journal of Structural Geology, 22, 1789-1807.
3. Braillon, P. & Serughetti, J. 1976. Deformation plastique de monocristaux de calcite en compression suivant (001). Physica Status Solidi (a), 36, 637-646.
4. Briegel, U. & Goetze, C. 1978. Estimates of differential stress recorded in the dislocation structure of Lochseiten Limestone (Switzerland). Tectonophysics, 48, 61-76.
5. Brodie, K. H. & Rutter, E. H. 2000. Deformation mechanisms and rheology; why marble is weaker than quartzite. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 157, 1093-1096.
6. Burkhard, M. 1990. Ductile deformation mechanisms in micritic limestones naturally deformed at low temperatures (150-35°(C). In: Knipe, R. J. & Rutter, E. H. (eds) Deformation mechanisms, rheology and tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 54, 241-257.
7. Busch, J. P. & van der Pluijm, B. A. 1995. Calcite textures, microstructures and rheological properties of marble mylonites in the Bancroft shear zone, Ontario, Canada. Journal of Structural Geology, 17, 677-688.
8. Byerlee, J. D. 1978. Friction of rocks. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 116, 615-626.
9. Coble, R. L. 1963. A model for boundary diffusion controlled creep in polycrystalline materials. Journal of Applied Physics, 34, 1679-1682.
10. °C. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 29781-29794.
11. Covey-Crump, S. J. & Rutter, E. H. 1989. Thermally-induced grain growth of calcite marbles on Naxos Islands, Greece. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 101, 69-86.
12. De Bresser, J. H. P. 1991. Intracrystalline deformation of calcite. Geologica Ultraiectina, 79 (PhD thesis, Utrecht University, the Netherlands).
13. De Bresser, J. H. P. 1996. Steady state dislocation densities in experimentally deformed calcite materials; single crystals versus polycrystals. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(10), 22189-22201.
14. De Bresser, J. H. P. On the mechanism of dislocation creep of calcite at high temperature: inferences from experimentally measured pressure sensitivity and strain rate sensitivity of flow stress. Journal of Geophysical Research, in press.
15. + slip). In: Knipe, R. J. & Rutter, E. H. (eds) Deformation mechanisms, rheology and tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 54, 285-298.
16. De Bresser, J. H. P. & Spiers, C. J. 1993. Slip systems in calcite single crystals deformed at 300-800°C. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 6397-6409.
17. De Bresser, J. H. P. & Spiers, C. J. 1997. Strength characteristics of the r, f, and c slip systems in calcite. Tectonophysics, 272, 1-23.
18. De Bresser, J. H. P., Peach, C. J., Reijs, J. P. J. & Spiers, C. J. 1998. On dynamic recrystallization during solid state flow; effects of stress and temperature. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 3457-3460.
19. de Bresser, J. H. P., Ter Heege, J. H. & Spiers, C. J. 2001. Grain size reduction by dynamic recrystallization: can it result in major rheological weakening? International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau), 90, 28-45.
20. Derby, B. & Ashby, M. F. 1987. On dynamic recrystallization. Scripta Metallurgica, 21,879-884.
21. Drury, M. R. & Urai, J. L. 1990. Deformation-related recrystallization processes. Tectonophysics, 172, 235-253.
22. Edward, G. H., Etheridge, M. A. & Hobbs, B. E. 1982. On the stress dependence of subgrain size. Textures and Microstructures, 5, 127-152.
23. Evans, B. & Wong, T.-F. 1985. Shear localization in rocks induced by tectonic deformation. In: Bazant, Z. P. & Evanston, I. L. (eds) Mechanics of geomaterials; rocks, concretes, soils, 189-210.
24. Evans, B., Renner, J. & Hirth, G. 2001. A few remarks on the kinetics of static grain growth in rocks. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau), 90, 88-103.
25. Farver, J. R. & Yund, R. A. 1996. Volume and grain boundary diffusion of calcium in natural and hot-pressed calcite aggregates. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 123, 77-91.
26. Ferrill, D. A. 1998. Critical re-evaluation of differential stress estimates from calcite twins in coarsegrained limestone. Tectonophysics, 285, 77-86.
27. F1sler, D. K. & Cygan, R. T. 1999. Diffusion of Ca and Mg in calcite. American Mineralogist, 84, 1392-1399.
28. Friedman, M. & Higgs, N. G. 1981. Calcite fabrics in experimental shear zones. In: Carter, N. L., Friedman, M., Logan, J. M. & Stearns, D. W. (eds) Mechanical behavior of crustal rocks. The Handin volume. Geophysical Monograph, AGU, 24, 11-27.
29. Griggs, D. T. 1938. Deformation of single calcite crystals under high confining pressures. American Mineralogist, 23, 28-33.
30. Heard, H. C. 1963. Effect of large changes in strain rate in the experimental deformation of Yule Marble. Journal of Geology, 71, 162-195.
31. Heard, H. C. & Raleigh, C. B. 1972. Steady-state flow in marble at 500 to 800°C. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 83, 935-956.
32. Heitzmann, P. 1987. Calcite mylonites in the central Alpine 'root zone'. Tectonophysics, 135, 207-215.
33. Herwegh, M. & Jenni, A. 2001. Granular flow in polymineralic rocks bearing sheet silicates: new evidence from natural examples. Tectonophysics, 332, 309-320.
34. Hirth, G., Teyssier, C. & Dunlap, W. J. 2001. An evaluation of quartzite flow laws based on comparisons between experimentally and naturally deformed rocks. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau), 90, 77-87.
35. Hobbs, B. E., Mühlhaus, H.-B. & Ord, A. 1990. Instability, softening and localization of deformation. In: Knipe, R. J. & Rutter, E. H. (eds) Deformation mechanisms, rheology and tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 54, 143-165.
36. Kenkmann, T. & Dresen, G. 1998. Stress gradients around porphyroclasts: palaeopiezometric estimates and numerical modeling. Journal of Structural Geology, 20, 163-173.
37. Kennedy, L. A. & Logan, J. M. 1997. The role of veining and dissolution in the evolution of finegrained mylonites; the McConnell Thrust, Alberta. Journal of Structural Geology, 19, 785-797.
38. Kennedy, L. A. & Logan, J. M. 1998. Microstructures of cataclasites in a limestone-on-shale thrust fault; implications for low-temperature recrystallization of calcite. Tectonophysics, 295, 167-186.
39. Kohlstedt, D. L., Evans, B. & Mackwell, S. J. 1995. Strength of the lithosphere: constraints imposed by laboratory experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 17587-17602.
40. Laurent, P., Kern, H. & Lacombe, O. 2000. Determination of deviatoric stress tensors based on inversion of calcite twin data from experimentally deformed monophase samples; Part II, Axial and triaxial stress experiments. Tectonophysics, 327, 131-148.
41. Liu, M. & Evans, B. 1997. Dislocation recovery kinetics in single-crystal calcite. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 24801-24809.
42. Means, W. D. 1989. Synkinematic microscopy of transparent polycrystals. Journal of Structural Geology, 11, 163-174.
43. Molli, G., Conti, P., Giorgettic, G., Meccheri, M. & Österling, N. 2000. Microfabric study on the deformational and thermal history of the Alp Apuane marbles (Carrara marbles), Italy. Journal of Structural Geology, 22, 1809-1825.
44. Passchier, C. W. & Trouw, R. A. J. 1996. Microtectonics. Springer, Berlin.
45. Paterson, M. S. & Turner, F. J. 1970. Experimental deformation of constrained crystals of calcite in extension. In: Paulitsch, P. (ed.) Experimental and natural rock deformation. Darmstadt, Germany.
46. Peach, C. J., Spiers, C. J. & Trimby, P. W. 2001. Effect of confining pressure on dilatation, recrystallization, and flow of rock salt at 150°C. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 13315-13328.
47. Pfiffner, O. A. 1982. Deformation mechanisms and flow regimes in limestone from the Helvetic zone of the Swiss Alps. Journal of Structural Geology, 4, 429-444.
48. Pfiffner, O. A. & Ramsay, J. G. 1982. Constraints on geological strain rates; arguments from finite strain states of naturally deformed rocks. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 311-321.
49. Pieri, M., Burlini, L., Kunze, K., Stretton, I. & Olgaard, D. L. 2001. Rheological and micro structural evolution of Carrara Marble with high shear strain; results from high temperature torsion experiments. Journal of Structural Geology, 23, 1393-1413.
50. Poirier, J. P. 1980. Shear localization and shear instability in materials in the ductile field. Journal of Structural Geology, 2, 135-142.
51. Ramsay, J. G. 1983. Rock ductility and its influence on the development of tectonic structures in mountain belts. In: Hsue, K. J. (ed) Mountain building processes. Academic Press, NY.
52. Renner, J. & Evans, B. 2002. Do calcite rocks obey the power-law creep equation? In: de Meer, S., Drury, M. R., de Besser, J. H. P. & Pennock, G. M. (eds) Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics: Current Status and Future Perspectives, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 200, 293-307.
53. Rowe, K. J. & Rutter, E. H. 1990. Palaeostress estimation using calcite twinning: experimental calibration and application to nature. Journal of Structural Geology, 12, 1-17.
54. Rutter, E. H. 1974. The influence of temperature, strain rate and interstitial water in the experimental deformation of calcite rocks. Tectonophysics, 22, 311-334.
55. Rutter, E. H. 1995. Experimental study of the influence of stress, temperature, and strain on the dynamic recrystallization of Carrara Marble. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 24651-24663.
56. Rutter, E. H. 1999. On the relationship between the formation of shear zones and the form of the flow law for rocks undergoing dynamic recrystallization. Tectonophysics, 303, 147-158.
57. Schmid, S. M. 1976. Rheological evidence for changes in the deformation mechanism of Solenhofen Limestone towards low stresses. Tectonophysics, 31, T21-T28.
58. Schmid, S. M., Boland, J. N. & Paterson, M. S. 1977. Superplastic flow in finegrained limestone. Tectonophysics, 43, 257-291.
59. Schmid, S. M., Panozzo, R. & Bauer, S. 1987. Simple shear experiments on calcite rocks; theology and microfabric. Journal of Structural Geology, 9, 747-778.
60. Schmid, S. M., Paterson, M. S. & Boland, J. N. 1980. High temperature flow and dynamic recrystallization in Carrara Marble. Tectonophysics, 65, 245-280.
61. Stöckhert, B., Brix, M. R., Kleinschrodt, R., Hurford, A. J. & Wirth, R. 1999. Thermochronometry and microstructures of quartz - a comparison with experimental flow laws and predictions on the temperature of the brittle-plastic transition. Journal of Structural Geology, 21, 351-369.
62. Ter Heege, J. H. 2002. Relationship between dynamic recrystallization, grain size distribution and rheology. Geologica Ultraiectina, 218 (PhD thesis, Utrecht University, the Netherlands).
63. Ter Heege, J. H., De Bresser, J. H. P. & Spiers, C. J. 2002. The influence of dynamic recrystallization on the grain size distribution and rheological behaviour of Carrara marble deformed in axial compression. In: de Meer, S., Drury, M. R., De Besser, J. H. P. & Pennock, G. M. (eds) Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics: Current Status and Future Perspectives, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 200, 331-353.
64. Tullis, J. & Yund, R. A. 1985. Dynamic recrystallization of feldspar: a mechanism for ductile shear zone formation. Geology, 13, 238-241.
65. Turner, F. J., Griggs, D. T. & Heard, H. C. 1954. Experimental deformation of calcite crystals. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 65, 883-933.
66. Twlss, R. J. 1977. Theory and applicability of a recrystallised grain size paleopiezometer. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 115, 227-244.
67. Ulrich, S., Schulmann, K. & Casey, M. 2002. Microstructural evolution and rheological behaviour of marbles deformed at different crustal levels. Journal of Structural Geology, 24, 979-995.
68. Urai, J. L., Means, W. D. & Lister, G. S. 1986. Dynamic recrystallization of minerals. In: Hobbs, B. E. & Heard, H. C. (eds) Mineral and rock deformation. laboratory studies. Geophysical Monograph, AGU, 36, 161-199.
69. Urai, J. L., Schuil1ng, R. D. & Jansen, J. B. H. 1990. Alpine deformation on Naxos (Greece). In: Knipe, R. J. & Rutter, E. H. (eds) Deformation mechanisms, rheology and tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 54, 509-522.
70. Van der Pluijm, B. A. 1991. Marble mylonites in the Bancroft shear zone, Ontario, Canada; microstructures and deformation mechanisms. Journal of Structural Geology, 13, 1125-1135.
71. Walker, A. N., Rutter, E. H. & Brodie, K. H. 1990. Experimental study of grain-size sensitive flow of synthetic, hot-pressed calcite rocks. In: KNIPE, R. J. & Rutter, E. H. (eds) Deformation mechanisms, rheology and tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 54, 259-284.
72. Wang, Z. C., Bai, Q., Dresen, G., Wirth, R. & Evans, B. 1996. High-temperature deformation of calcite single crystals. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 20377-20390.
73. White, S. H. 1979a. Grain and sub-grain variations across a mylonite zone. Contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 70, 193-202.
74. White, S. H. 1979b. Difficulties associated with paleostress estimates. Bulletin de Mineralogie, 102, 210-215.
75. White, S. H., Drury, M. R., Ion, S. E. & Humphreys, F. J. 1985. Large strain deformation studies using polycrystalline magnesium as a rock analogue. Part 1: Grain size paleopiezometry in mylonite zones. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 40, 201-207.