The prevalence of chromium allergy in Denmark is currently increasing as a result of leather exposure

British Journal of Dermatology

Volumn 161, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1288-1293

  Thyssen, J P ^a   Jensen, P ^a   Carlsen, B C ^a   Engkilde, K ^a   Menne T ^a   Johansen, J D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Allergy; Chromate; Chromium; Dermatitis; Epidemiology; Patch testing; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

CHROMIUM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHI SQUARE TEST; CHILD; CHROMATE ALLERGY; DENMARK; DERMATITIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEATHER INDUSTRY; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; PATCH TEST; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHOOL CHILD; SKIN ALLERGY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHROMIUM; CLOTHING; COLORING AGENTS; DENMARK; DERMATITIS, ALLERGIC CONTACT; FEMALE; HAND DERMATOSES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PATCH TESTS; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; TANNING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 71949084096     PISSN: 00070963     EISSN: 13652133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09405.x     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Menne T. Contact allergy epidemics and their controls. Contact Dermatitis 2007 56 : 185 195.
2. Jäeger H, Pelloni E. Test épicutanés aux bichromates, positifs dans l'eczema au ciment. Dermatologica 1950 100 : 207 215.
3. Menne T, Bachmann E. Permanent disability from skin diseases. A study of 564 patients registered over a six year period. Derm Beruf Umwelt 1979 27 : 37 42.
4. Fregert S, Gruvberger B, Sandahl E. Reduction of chromate in cement by iron sulfate. Contact Dermatitis 1979 5 : 39 42.
5. Avnstorp C. Follow-up of workers from the prefabricated concrete industry after the addition of ferrous sulphate to Danish cement. Contact Dermatitis 1989 20 : 365 371.
6. Uter W, Ruhl R, Pfahlberg A et al. Contact allergy in construction workers: results of a multifactorial analysis. Ann Occup Hyg 2004 48 : 21 7.
7. Directive 2003/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2003 amending for the 26th time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylate and cement).
8. Zachariae CO, Agner T, Menne T. Chromium allergy in consecutive patients in a country where ferrous sulfate has been added to cement since 1981. Contact Dermatitis 1996 35 : 83 5.
9. Hansen MB, Menne T, Johansen JD. Cr(III) reactivity and foot dermatitis in Cr(VI) positive patients. Contact Dermatitis 2006 54 : 140 144.
10. Wilkinson DS, Fregert S, Magnusson B et al. Terminology of contact dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1970 50 : 287 292.
11. Thyssen JP, Carlsen BC, Menne T et al. Trends of contact allergy to fragrance mix I and Myroxylon pereirae among Danish eczema patients tested between 1985 and 2007. Contact Dermatitis 2008 59 : 238 244.
12. Thyssen JP, Linneberg A, Menne T et al. The epidemiology of contact allergy in the general population - prevalence and main findings. Contact Dermatitis 2007 57 : 287 299. (Pubitemid 47568789)
13. Proctor DM, Fredrick MM, Scott PK et al. The prevalence of chromium allergy in the United States and its implications for setting soil cleanup: a cost-effectiveness case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1998 28 : 27 37.
14. Estlander T. Occupational skin disease in Finland. Observations made during 1974-1988 at the institute of occupational health, Helsinki. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1990 155 : 1 85.
15. Basketter DA, Briatico-Vangosa G, Kaestner W et al. Nickel, cobalt and chromium in consumer products: a role in allergic contact dermatitis? Contact Dermatitis 1993 28 : 15 25.
16. Lidén C, Bruze M, Menne T. Metals. In : Contact Dermatitis (Frosch PJ, Menne T, Lepoittevin J-P, eds 4th edn. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York : Springer, 2006 537 568.
17. Nguyen SH, Dang TP, MacPherson C et al. Prevalence of patch test results from 1970 to 2002 in a multi-centre population in North America (NACDG). Contact Dermatitis 2008 58 : 101 106.
18. Goon AT, Goh CL. Metal allergy in Singapore. Contact Dermatitis 2005 52 : 130 132.
19. Aslan A. Determination of heavy metal toxicity of finished leather solid waste. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2009 82 : 633 638.
20. Gammelgaard B, Fullerton A, Avnstorp C et al. Permeation of chromium salts through human skin in vitro. Contact Dermatitis 1992 27 : 302 310.
21. Samitz MH, Katz S. A study of the chemical reactions between chromium and skin. J Invest Dermatol 1964 42 : 35 43.
22. Siegenthaler U, Laine A, Polak L. Studies on contact sensitivity to chromium in the guinea pig. The role of valence in the formation of the antigenic determinant. J Invest Dermatol 1983 80 : 44 7.
23. Hansen MB, Johansen JD, Menne T. Chromium allergy: significance of both Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Contact Dermatitis 2003 49 : 206 212.
24. Hansen MB, Menne T, Johansen JD. Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in leather and elicitation of eczema. Contact Dermatitis 2006 54 : 278 282.
25. Srinivas CR, Sundaram VS, Selvaraj K. Reducing the allergenic hexavalent chromium in leather to hypoallergenic trivalent chromium for prevention of leather dermatitis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2007 73 : 428 429.
26. Olumide YM. Contact dermatitis in Nigeria. Contact Dermatitis 1985 12 : 241 246.
27. Chowdhuri S, Ghosh S. Epidemio-allergological study in 155 cases of footwear dermatitis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2007 73 : 319 322.