메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 17-23

Hormonal therapy for acne: why not as first line therapy? facts and controversies

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIANDROGEN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BUSERELIN; CIMETIDINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYPROTERONE ACETATE; DEXAMETHASONE; DIANE; DROSPIRENONE; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN DERIVATIVE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS NORGESTIMATE; ETYNODIOL DIACETATE; FLUTAMIDE; GLUCOCORTICOID; GONADORELIN AGONIST; ISOTRETINOIN; KETOCONAZOLE; LEUPRORELIN; LEVONORGESTREL; NAFARELIN; NORETHISTERONE; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PLACEBO; PREDNISONE; PROGESTERONE DERIVATIVE; SPIRONOLACTONE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 71849119282     PISSN: 0738081X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2009.03.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (81)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 85120145593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gollnick H, Cunliffe W, Berson D, et al. Management of acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:s2-s5, s20-25.
    • Gollnick H, Cunliffe W, Berson D, et al. Management of acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:s2-s5, s20-25.
  • 2
    • 0015950879 scopus 로고
    • Endocrinologic control of the development and activity of the human sebaceous gland
    • Pochi P.E., and Strauss J.S. Endocrinologic control of the development and activity of the human sebaceous gland. J Invest Dermatol 62 (1974) 191-201
    • (1974) J Invest Dermatol , vol.62 , pp. 191-201
    • Pochi, P.E.1    Strauss, J.S.2
  • 3
    • 0015983066 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal control and methods of measuring sebaceous gland activity
    • Ebling F.J. Hormonal control and methods of measuring sebaceous gland activity. J Invest Dermatol 62 (1974) 161-171
    • (1974) J Invest Dermatol , vol.62 , pp. 161-171
    • Ebling, F.J.1
  • 4
    • 0031053999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of type 1 5 alpha reductase is greater in the follicular infrainfundibulum compared with the epidermis
    • Thiboutot D.M., Knaggs H., Galiland K., et al. Activity of type 1 5 alpha reductase is greater in the follicular infrainfundibulum compared with the epidermis. Br J Dermatol 136 (1997) 166-171
    • (1997) Br J Dermatol , vol.136 , pp. 166-171
    • Thiboutot, D.M.1    Knaggs, H.2    Galiland, K.3
  • 5
    • 0002287832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorders of the sebaceous gland
    • Champion R.H., Burton J.L., Burns D.A., et al. (Eds), Blackwell Science, Oxford
    • Cunliffe W.J., and Simpson N.B. Disorders of the sebaceous gland. In: Champion R.H., Burton J.L., Burns D.A., et al. (Eds). Textbook of dermatology. 6th ed. (1998), Blackwell Science, Oxford 1927-1984
    • (1998) Textbook of dermatology. 6th ed. , pp. 1927-1984
    • Cunliffe, W.J.1    Simpson, N.B.2
  • 7
    • 0015364022 scopus 로고
    • Biologic activity of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in man
    • Drucker W.D., Blumberg J.M., Gandy H.M., et al. Biologic activity of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 35 (1972) 48-54
    • (1972) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.35 , pp. 48-54
    • Drucker, W.D.1    Blumberg, J.M.2    Gandy, H.M.3
  • 8
    • 0021324162 scopus 로고
    • Androgen status in women with late onset or persistent acne vulgaris
    • Darley C.R., Moore J.W., Besser G.M., et al. Androgen status in women with late onset or persistent acne vulgaris. Clin Exp Dermatol 9 (1984) 28-35
    • (1984) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.9 , pp. 28-35
    • Darley, C.R.1    Moore, J.W.2    Besser, G.M.3
  • 10
    • 0019349928 scopus 로고
    • Plasma androgens and sex hormone binding globulin in the evaluation of hirsute females
    • Mathur R.S., Moody L.O., Landgrebe S., et al. Plasma androgens and sex hormone binding globulin in the evaluation of hirsute females. Fertil Steril 35 (1981) 296-305
    • (1981) Fertil Steril , vol.35 , pp. 296-305
    • Mathur, R.S.1    Moody, L.O.2    Landgrebe, S.3
  • 11
    • 0020513206 scopus 로고
    • Elevated free testosterone levels in women with acne
    • Schiavone F.E., Rietschel R.L., Sgoutas D., et al. Elevated free testosterone levels in women with acne. Arch Dermatol 119 (1983) 799-802
    • (1983) Arch Dermatol , vol.119 , pp. 799-802
    • Schiavone, F.E.1    Rietschel, R.L.2    Sgoutas, D.3
  • 12
    • 0021684297 scopus 로고
    • Androgen excess in women with acne
    • Scholl G.M., Wu C.H., and Leyden J. Androgen excess in women with acne. Obstet Gynecol 64 (1984) 683-688
    • (1984) Obstet Gynecol , vol.64 , pp. 683-688
    • Scholl, G.M.1    Wu, C.H.2    Leyden, J.3
  • 13
    • 0000760570 scopus 로고
    • The effects of androgens and estrogens on human sebaceous glands
    • Strauss J.S., Klingman A.M., and Pochi P.E. The effects of androgens and estrogens on human sebaceous glands. J Invest Dermatol 39 (1962) 139
    • (1962) J Invest Dermatol , vol.39 , pp. 139
    • Strauss, J.S.1    Klingman, A.M.2    Pochi, P.E.3
  • 14
    • 0027273696 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for increased androsterone metabolism in some normoandrogenic women with acne
    • Carmina E., and Lobo R.A. Evidence for increased androsterone metabolism in some normoandrogenic women with acne. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993) 1111-1114
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.76 , pp. 1111-1114
    • Carmina, E.1    Lobo, R.A.2
  • 15
    • 0020026991 scopus 로고
    • Plasma androgenic activity in women with acne vulgaris and in healthy girls before, during and after puberty
    • Odlind V., Carlstrom K., Michaelsson C., et al. Plasma androgenic activity in women with acne vulgaris and in healthy girls before, during and after puberty. Clin Endrocrinol 16 (1982) 243-249
    • (1982) Clin Endrocrinol , vol.16 , pp. 243-249
    • Odlind, V.1    Carlstrom, K.2    Michaelsson, C.3
  • 16
    • 0025073181 scopus 로고
    • Androgen excess in women with acne alone compared with women with acne and/or hirsutism
    • Vexiau P., Husson C., Chivot M., et al. Androgen excess in women with acne alone compared with women with acne and/or hirsutism. J Invest Dermatol 94 (1990) 279-283
    • (1990) J Invest Dermatol , vol.94 , pp. 279-283
    • Vexiau, P.1    Husson, C.2    Chivot, M.3
  • 18
    • 0028921506 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal correlates of acne and hirsutism
    • Lucky A. Hormonal correlates of acne and hirsutism. Am J Med 98 (1995) 89S-94S
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98
    • Lucky, A.1
  • 19
    • 0022353970 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acne with either tetracycline, oestrogen/cyproterone acetate or combined therapy: a double-blind laboratory and clinical study
    • Greenwood R., Brummitt L., Burke B., et al. Treatment of acne with either tetracycline, oestrogen/cyproterone acetate or combined therapy: a double-blind laboratory and clinical study. Br Med J 291 (1985) 1231-1235
    • (1985) Br Med J , vol.291 , pp. 1231-1235
    • Greenwood, R.1    Brummitt, L.2    Burke, B.3
  • 20
    • 0022496422 scopus 로고
    • Anti-androgen treatment in women with acne: a controlled trial
    • Miller J.A., Wojnarowska F.T., Dowd P.M., et al. Anti-androgen treatment in women with acne: a controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 114 (1986) 705-716
    • (1986) Br J Dermatol , vol.114 , pp. 705-716
    • Miller, J.A.1    Wojnarowska, F.T.2    Dowd, P.M.3
  • 21
    • 0036446856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous androgen metabolism: basic research and clinical perspectives
    • Chen W., Thiboutot D., and Zouboulis C.C. Cutaneous androgen metabolism: basic research and clinical perspectives. J Invest Dermatol 119 (2002) 992-1007
    • (2002) J Invest Dermatol , vol.119 , pp. 992-1007
    • Chen, W.1    Thiboutot, D.2    Zouboulis, C.C.3
  • 22
    • 0038468629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human skin is a steroidogenic tissue: steroidogenic enzymes and cofactors are expressed in epidermis, normal sebocytes, and an immortalized sebocyte cell line (SEB-1)
    • Thiboutot D., Jabara S., McAllister J.M., et al. Human skin is a steroidogenic tissue: steroidogenic enzymes and cofactors are expressed in epidermis, normal sebocytes, and an immortalized sebocyte cell line (SEB-1). J Invest Dermatol 120 (2003) 905-914
    • (2003) J Invest Dermatol , vol.120 , pp. 905-914
    • Thiboutot, D.1    Jabara, S.2    McAllister, J.M.3
  • 23
    • 41849106096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New and emerging treatments in dermatology: acne
    • Katsambas A., and Dessinioti C. New and emerging treatments in dermatology: acne. Dermatol Ther 21 (2008) 86-95
    • (2008) Dermatol Ther , vol.21 , pp. 86-95
    • Katsambas, A.1    Dessinioti, C.2
  • 25
    • 0022508415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cyproterone acetate-ethinyl estradiol treatment on the proportion of linoleic and sebaceic acids in various skin surface lipid classes
    • Stewart M.E., Greenwood R., Cunliffe W.J., et al. Effect of cyproterone acetate-ethinyl estradiol treatment on the proportion of linoleic and sebaceic acids in various skin surface lipid classes. Arch Dermatol Res 278 (1996) 481-485
    • (1996) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.278 , pp. 481-485
    • Stewart, M.E.1    Greenwood, R.2    Cunliffe, W.J.3
  • 26
    • 0035676662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrinologic evaluation and hormonal therapy for women with difficult acne
    • Thiboutot D. Endocrinologic evaluation and hormonal therapy for women with difficult acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15 suppl 3 (2001) 57-61
    • (2001) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 57-61
    • Thiboutot, D.1
  • 27
    • 0029088587 scopus 로고
    • Experience in the long-term treatment of patients with hirsutism and/or acne with cyproterone acetate-containing preparations: efficacy, metabolic, and endocrine effects
    • Van Wayjen R., and van den Ende A. Experience in the long-term treatment of patients with hirsutism and/or acne with cyproterone acetate-containing preparations: efficacy, metabolic, and endocrine effects. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 103 (1995) 241-251
    • (1995) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.103 , pp. 241-251
    • Van Wayjen, R.1    van den Ende, A.2
  • 28
    • 0032861422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacité de l'acètate de cyprotèrone oral associé à l'ethinylestradiol dans le traitement de l'acné tardive de type facial
    • Gollnick H., Albring M., and Brill K. Efficacité de l'acètate de cyprotèrone oral associé à l'ethinylestradiol dans le traitement de l'acné tardive de type facial. Ann Endocrinol 60 (1999) 157-166
    • (1999) Ann Endocrinol , vol.60 , pp. 157-166
    • Gollnick, H.1    Albring, M.2    Brill, K.3
  • 29
    • 0036942520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortness of breath: an uncommon side-effect of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
    • Mallari R., and Sinclair R.D. Shortness of breath: an uncommon side-effect of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Int J Dermatol 41 (2002) 946-947
    • (2002) Int J Dermatol , vol.41 , pp. 946-947
    • Mallari, R.1    Sinclair, R.D.2
  • 30
    • 8844250091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acne: hormonal concepts and therapy
    • Thiboutot D. Acne: hormonal concepts and therapy. Clin Dermatol 22 (2004) 419-428
    • (2004) Clin Dermatol , vol.22 , pp. 419-428
    • Thiboutot, D.1
  • 31
    • 0027263481 scopus 로고
    • Spironolactone directly inhibits proliferation of cultured human facial sebocytes and acts antagonistically to testosterone and 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone in vitro
    • Akamatsu H., Zouboulis C.C., and Orfanos C.E. Spironolactone directly inhibits proliferation of cultured human facial sebocytes and acts antagonistically to testosterone and 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone in vitro. J Invest Dermatol 100 (1993) 660-662
    • (1993) J Invest Dermatol , vol.100 , pp. 660-662
    • Akamatsu, H.1    Zouboulis, C.C.2    Orfanos, C.E.3
  • 32
    • 33748640794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of the dermatologic manifestations of the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Lowenstein E.J. Diagnosis and management of the dermatologic manifestations of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Dermatol Ther 19 (2006) 210-223
    • (2006) Dermatol Ther , vol.19 , pp. 210-223
    • Lowenstein, E.J.1
  • 33
    • 37349031137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerance of acne treatment using both spironolactone and a combined contraceptive containing dorspirenone
    • Krunic A., Giurea A., and Scheman A. Efficacy and tolerance of acne treatment using both spironolactone and a combined contraceptive containing dorspirenone. J Am Acad Dermatol 58 (2008) 60-62
    • (2008) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.58 , pp. 60-62
    • Krunic, A.1    Giurea, A.2    Scheman, A.3
  • 34
    • 0036740433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 μg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 μg of levonorgestrel for the treatment of moderate acne: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Leyden J., Shalita A., Hordinsky M., et al. Efficacy of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 μg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 μg of levonorgestrel for the treatment of moderate acne: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 47 (2002) 399-409
    • (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.47 , pp. 399-409
    • Leyden, J.1    Shalita, A.2    Hordinsky, M.3
  • 35
    • 0036856913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of progestins. Focus on the novel progestin drospirenone
    • Thorneycroft I. Evolution of progestins. Focus on the novel progestin drospirenone. J Reprod Med 47 suppl 11 (2002) 975-980
    • (2002) J Reprod Med , vol.47 , Issue.SUPPL. 11 , pp. 975-980
    • Thorneycroft, I.1
  • 36
    • 3042691089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of human sebaceous glands
    • Thiboutot D. Regulation of human sebaceous glands. J Invest Dermatol 123 (2004) 1-12
    • (2004) J Invest Dermatol , vol.123 , pp. 1-12
    • Thiboutot, D.1
  • 37
    • 0030693350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in treating moderate acne vulgaris
    • Lucky A.W., Henderson T.A., Olson W.H., et al. Effectiveness of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in treating moderate acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 37 (1997) 746-754
    • (1997) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.37 , pp. 746-754
    • Lucky, A.W.1    Henderson, T.A.2    Olson, W.H.3
  • 38
    • 0031127746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Redmond G.P., Olson W.H., et al. Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 89 (1997) 615-622
    • (1997) Obstet Gynecol , vol.89 , pp. 615-622
    • Redmond, G.P.1    Olson, W.H.2
  • 39
    • 0034892492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of a low-dose contraceptive 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel for acne treatment
    • Thiboutot D., Archer D.F., Lemay A., et al. A randomized, controlled trial of a low-dose contraceptive 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel for acne treatment. Fertil Steril 76 (2001) 461-468
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.76 , pp. 461-468
    • Thiboutot, D.1    Archer, D.F.2    Lemay, A.3
  • 40
    • 40649128938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of 3 mg drospirenone/20 mcg ethinylestradiol oral contraceptive administered in 24/4 regimen in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Koltun W., Lucky A.U., Thiboutot D., et al. Efficacy and safety of 3 mg drospirenone/20 mcg ethinylestradiol oral contraceptive administered in 24/4 regimen in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Contraception 77 (2008) 249-256
    • (2008) Contraception , vol.77 , pp. 249-256
    • Koltun, W.1    Lucky, A.U.2    Thiboutot, D.3
  • 43
    • 4444371712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superiority of a combined contraceptive containing drospirenone to a triphasic preparation containing norgestimate in acne treatment
    • Thorneycroft I.H., Gollnick H., and Schellschmidt I. Superiority of a combined contraceptive containing drospirenone to a triphasic preparation containing norgestimate in acne treatment. Cutis 74 (2004) 123-130
    • (2004) Cutis , vol.74 , pp. 123-130
    • Thorneycroft, I.H.1    Gollnick, H.2    Schellschmidt, I.3
  • 44
    • 33646143783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiandrogen therapy for skin disease and hair disease
    • Harper J.C. Antiandrogen therapy for skin disease and hair disease. Dermatol Clin 24 (2006) 137-143
    • (2006) Dermatol Clin , vol.24 , pp. 137-143
    • Harper, J.C.1
  • 45
    • 0036778265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics and oral contraceptives
    • DeRossi S.S., and Hersh E.V. Antibiotics and oral contraceptives. Dent Clin North Am 46 (2002) 653-654
    • (2002) Dent Clin North Am , vol.46 , pp. 653-654
    • DeRossi, S.S.1    Hersh, E.V.2
  • 46
    • 0030996418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptive failure rates and oral antibiotics
    • Helms S.E., Bredle D.L., Zajic J., et al. Oral contraceptive failure rates and oral antibiotics. J Am Acad Dermatol 36 (1997) 705-710
    • (1997) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.36 , pp. 705-710
    • Helms, S.E.1    Bredle, D.L.2    Zajic, J.3
  • 47
    • 0028230386 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of pregnancy in acne patients taking oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives
    • London B.M., and Lookingbill D.P. Frequency of pregnancy in acne patients taking oral antibiotics and oral contraceptives. Arch Dermatol 130 (1994) 392-393
    • (1994) Arch Dermatol , vol.130 , pp. 392-393
    • London, B.M.1    Lookingbill, D.P.2
  • 48
    • 0038008342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and acne in male patients
    • Degitz K., Placzek M., Arnold B., et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and acne in male patients. Br J Dermatol 148 (2003) 1263-1266
    • (2003) Br J Dermatol , vol.148 , pp. 1263-1266
    • Degitz, K.1    Placzek, M.2    Arnold, B.3
  • 49
    • 0037260102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update and future of systemic acne treatment
    • Zouboulis C., and Picero-Martin J. Update and future of systemic acne treatment. Dermatology 206 (2003) 37-53
    • (2003) Dermatology , vol.206 , pp. 37-53
    • Zouboulis, C.1    Picero-Martin, J.2
  • 51
    • 0024815709 scopus 로고
    • Most women with acne have polycystic ovaries
    • Bunker C.B., Newton J.A., Kilborn J., et al. Most women with acne have polycystic ovaries. Br J Dermatol 121 (1989) 675-680
    • (1989) Br J Dermatol , vol.121 , pp. 675-680
    • Bunker, C.B.1    Newton, J.A.2    Kilborn, J.3
  • 52
    • 15844418279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definitions, prevalence and symptoms of polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Hart R., Hickey M., and Franks S. Definitions, prevalence and symptoms of polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 18 (2004) 671-683
    • (2004) Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol , vol.18 , pp. 671-683
    • Hart, R.1    Hickey, M.2    Franks, S.3
  • 54
    • 41949118812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acne and oral contraceptives: update on women's health screening guidelines
    • Frangos J., Alavian C.N., and Kimball A.B. Acne and oral contraceptives: update on women's health screening guidelines. J Am Acad Dermatol 58 (2008) 781-786
    • (2008) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.58 , pp. 781-786
    • Frangos, J.1    Alavian, C.N.2    Kimball, A.B.3
  • 55
    • 40449128340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misconceptions about oral contraception pills among adolescents and physicians
    • Hamani Y., Sciaki-Tamir Y., Deri-Hasid R., et al. Misconceptions about oral contraception pills among adolescents and physicians. Human Reprod 22 (2007) 3078-3083
    • (2007) Human Reprod , vol.22 , pp. 3078-3083
    • Hamani, Y.1    Sciaki-Tamir, Y.2    Deri-Hasid, R.3
  • 56
    • 4544227781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial impact of acne vulgaris: evaluating the evidence
    • Tan J.K. Psychosocial impact of acne vulgaris: evaluating the evidence. Skin Ther 9 (2004) 1-3
    • (2004) Skin Ther , vol.9 , pp. 1-3
    • Tan, J.K.1
  • 57
    • 71849104368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speroff L., Fritz M.A. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 897, 900-2, 912, 916.
    • Speroff L., Fritz M.A. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 897, 900-2, 912, 916.
  • 58
    • 0036096015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of arterial thrombosis in relation to oral contraceptives (RATIO) study: oral contraceptives and the risk of ischemic stroke
    • Kemmeren J.M., Tanis B.C., vandenBosch M.A.A.J., et al. Risk of arterial thrombosis in relation to oral contraceptives (RATIO) study: oral contraceptives and the risk of ischemic stroke. Stroke 33 (2002) 1202-1208
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 1202-1208
    • Kemmeren, J.M.1    Tanis, B.C.2    vandenBosch, M.A.A.J.3
  • 59
    • 0030600340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicenter, case-control study
    • WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicenter, case-control study. Lancet 348 (1996) 498-505
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 498-505
  • 60
    • 0013351714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyproterone acetate (Dianette): risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE)
    • CSM. Cyproterone acetate (Dianette): risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Curr Prob Pharmacovigil 28 (2002) 9-10
    • (2002) Curr Prob Pharmacovigil , vol.28 , pp. 9-10
    • CSM1
  • 61
    • 13344260005 scopus 로고
    • Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception
    • WHO. Effect of different progestagens in low oestrogen oral contraceptives on venous thromboembolic disease. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet 346 (1995) 1582-1588
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1582-1588
    • WHO1
  • 62
    • 16044363569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of venous thromboembolism and stroke associated with oral contraceptives. Role of congenital thrombophilias
    • Pini M., Scoditti U., Caliumi F., et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism and stroke associated with oral contraceptives. Role of congenital thrombophilias. Recenti Prog Med 87 (1996) 331-337
    • (1996) Recenti Prog Med , vol.87 , pp. 331-337
    • Pini, M.1    Scoditti, U.2    Caliumi, F.3
  • 63
    • 0034679251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and fatal pulmonary embolism
    • Parkin L., Skegg D.C., Wilson M., et al. Oral contraceptives and fatal pulmonary embolism. Lancet 355 (2000) 2133-2134
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 2133-2134
    • Parkin, L.1    Skegg, D.C.2    Wilson, M.3
  • 64
    • 0035960414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of venous thromboembolism with cyproterone or levonorgestrel contraceptives
    • Vasilakis-Scaramozza C., and Jick H. Risk of venous thromboembolism with cyproterone or levonorgestrel contraceptives. Lancet 358 (2001) 1427-1429
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 1427-1429
    • Vasilakis-Scaramozza, C.1    Jick, H.2
  • 65
    • 0033374724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolic disease. Analyses of the UK General practice research database and the UK Mediplus database
    • Farmer R.D., Lawrenson R.A., Todd J.C., et al. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolic disease. Analyses of the UK General practice research database and the UK Mediplus database. Hum Reprod Update 5 (1999) 688-706
    • (1999) Hum Reprod Update , vol.5 , pp. 688-706
    • Farmer, R.D.1    Lawrenson, R.A.2    Todd, J.C.3
  • 66
    • 40349098084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyproterone acetate/ethinyl estradiol for acne and hirsutism: time to revise prescribing policy
    • Franks S., Layton A., and Glasier A. Cyproterone acetate/ethinyl estradiol for acne and hirsutism: time to revise prescribing policy. Human Reprod 23 (2008) 231-232
    • (2008) Human Reprod , vol.23 , pp. 231-232
    • Franks, S.1    Layton, A.2    Glasier, A.3
  • 67
    • 33746921186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives use and cancer. Findings in a large cohort study, 1968-2004
    • Vessey M., and Painter R. Oral contraceptives use and cancer. Findings in a large cohort study, 1968-2004. Br J Cancer 95 (2006) 385-389
    • (2006) Br J Cancer , vol.95 , pp. 385-389
    • Vessey, M.1    Painter, R.2
  • 68
    • 0037197047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral contraceptives on risk of cervical cancer in women with human papillomavirus infection: The IARC Multicentric Case-control Study
    • Moreno V., Bosch F., Munoz N., et al. Effect of oral contraceptives on risk of cervical cancer in women with human papillomavirus infection: The IARC Multicentric Case-control Study. Lancet 359 (2002) 1085-1092
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1085-1092
    • Moreno, V.1    Bosch, F.2    Munoz, N.3
  • 69
    • 0037420509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review
    • Smith J., Green J., de Gonzalez A., et al. Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review. Lancet 361 (2003) 1159-1167
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1159-1167
    • Smith, J.1    Green, J.2    de Gonzalez, A.3
  • 70
    • 0035923266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose oral contraceptives: protective effect on ovarian cancer risk
    • Royar J., Becher H., and Chang-Claude J. Low-dose oral contraceptives: protective effect on ovarian cancer risk. Int J Cancer 95 (2001) 370-374
    • (2001) Int J Cancer , vol.95 , pp. 370-374
    • Royar, J.1    Becher, H.2    Chang-Claude, J.3
  • 71
    • 0034255545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of ovarian cancer in relation to estrogen and progestin dose and use characteristics of oral contraceptives. SHARE study group. Steroid Hormones and Reproductions
    • Ness R.B., Grisso J.A., Klapper J., et al. Risk of ovarian cancer in relation to estrogen and progestin dose and use characteristics of oral contraceptives. SHARE study group. Steroid Hormones and Reproductions. Am J Epidemiol 152 (2000) 233-241
    • (2000) Am J Epidemiol , vol.152 , pp. 233-241
    • Ness, R.B.1    Grisso, J.A.2    Klapper, J.3
  • 73
    • 18044387131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert Working Group Meeting to update the selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use, Geneva, World Health Organization
    • Expert Working Group Meeting to update the selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use. Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use. 2nd ed. (2004), Geneva, World Health Organization
    • (2004) Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use. 2nd ed.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.