Nitrification and me - A subjective review

Water Research

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-19

  Gujer, Willi ^a,b  

^a SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Activated sludge process; Biofilm; Modeling; Nitrification; Self purification

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS; NITRIFICATION; PURIFICATION; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS; BIOFILM REACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; MODELING; NITRIFICATION PROCESS; PURIFICATION PROCESS; RECEIVING WATERS; SELF-PURIFICATION; SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES; WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS;

BIOFILMS;

AMMONIA; NITRATE; NITRITE; NITROUS OXIDE; ORGANIC CARBON;

ACTIVATED SLUDGE; BIOFILM; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NITRIFICATION; NUMERICAL MODEL; SELF PURIFICATION; WASTEWATER; WATER TREATMENT;

ACTIVATED SLUDGE; BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; BIODEGRADATION; BIOFILM REACTOR; CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; DENITRIFICATION; ENZYME KINETICS; GEOGRAPHY; MEMBRANE REACTOR; MICROBIAL GENETICS; MICROBIAL GROWTH; NITRIFICATION; NITRITE OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; NITROBACTER; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS CONTROL; REACTOR DESIGN; REVIEW; SEWAGE TREATMENT; SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER POLLUTION CONTROL;

EID: 71849107761     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.038     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Balakrishnan, S., Eckenfelder, W.W., 1969. Nitrogen relationships in biological treatment processes. 1. Nitrification in the activated sludge process. Water Res. 3 (1), 73-81.
2. Berg M. Stickstoffdynamik in der Glatt. GWA 71 12 (1991) 822-830
3. Boller M., and Gujer W. Nitrification in tertiary trickling filters followed by deep-bed filters. Water Res. 20 11 (1986) 1363-1373
4. Boller M., Gujer W., and Tschui M. Parameters affecting nitrifying biofilm reactors. Water Sci. Technol. 29 10-11 (1994) 1-11
5. Boller M., Gujer W., and Nyhuis G. Tertiary rotating biological contactors for nitrification. Water Sci. Technol. 22 1-2 (1990) 89-100
6. Braun D., and Gujer W. Reactive tracers reveal hydraulic and control instabilities in full-scale activated sludge plant. Water Sci. Technol. 57 7 (2008) 1001-1007
7. Brun R., Kühni M., Siegrist H., Gujer W., and Reichert P. Practical identifiability of ASM2d parameters - systematic selection and tuning of parameter subsets. Water Res. 36 (2002) 4113-4127
8. Clara M., Kreuzinger N., Strenn B., Gans O., and Kroiss H. The solids retention time - a suitable design parameter to evaluate the capacity of wastewater treatment plants to remove micropollutants. Water Res. 39 (2005) 97-106
9. Copp J.B. The COST Simulation Benchmark: Description and Simulator Manual (2002), Office for Official Publications of the European Community, Luxembourg
10. Daebel H., Manser R., and Gujer W. Exploring temporal variations of oxygen saturation constants of nitrifying bacteria. Water Res. 41 (2007) 1094-1102
11. Dold P.L., Ekama G.A., and Marais Gv.R. A general model for the activated sludge process. Prog. Water Technol. 12 6 (1980) 47-77
12. Dominguez D., and Gujer W. Evolution of a wastewater treatment plant challenges traditional design concepts. Water Res. 40 7 (2006) 1389-1396
13. Downing A.L., Painter H.A., and Knowles G. Nitrification in the activated sludge process. J. Inst. Sew. Purif. (1964) 130-158
14. EIFAC. Water Quality Criteria for European Freshwater Fish. Report on Ammonia and Inland Fisheries. EIFAC Technical Papers T11 (1970), European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission, FAO, Rome
15. EIFAC. Water Quality Criteria for European Freshwater Fish. Report on Nitrite and Freshwater Fish (1984), European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission, FAO, Rome. 9251021775
16. Fair G.M., and Geyer J.C. Water Supply and Waste-Water Disposal (1954), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
17. Forrez I., Carballa M., Boon N., and Verstraete W. Biological removal of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in an aerated nitrifying fixed bed reactor during ammonium starvation. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 84 (2009) 119-125
18. Fruhen M., Christan E., Gujer W., and Wanner O. Significance of spatial-distribution of microbial species in mixed culture biofilms. Water Sci. Technol. 23 7-9 (1991) 1365-1374
19. Garrett Jr. M.T. Hydraulic control of activated sludge growth rate. Sew. Ind. Wastes 30 3 (1958) 253-261
20. GSchV, 1998. Gewässerschutzverordnung vom 28. October 1998. Swiss Law, SR 814.201.
21. Gujer, W., 1974. Oxygen and Nitrogen Mass Balances for the Contact Stabilization Activated Sludge Process. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, USA, p. 155.
22. Gujer, W., 1976a. Auswirkungen von abgesetztem Faulwasser auf die Nitrifikation. Eawag Report to Tiefbauamt der Stadt Zürich, Contract Nr. 4489.
23. Gujer W. Nitrifikation in Fliessgewässern - Fallstudie Glatt. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. 38 2 (1976) 171-189
24. Gujer W. Design of a nitrifying activated sludge process with the aid of dynamic simulation. Prog. Water Technol. 9 (1977) 323-336
25. Gujer W. Nitrit in Fliessgewässern - Ein erweitertes Nitrifikationsmodell". Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. 40 2 (1978) 211-230
26. Gujer W. Ein dynamisches Modell für die Simulation von komplexen Belebtschlammverfahren (1985), Habilitationsschrift, ETH Zurich
27. Gujer W. Activated sludge modeling: past, present and future. Water Sci. Technol. 53 3 (2006) 111-119
28. Gujer W., and Boller M. Basis for the design of alternative chemical-biological waste water treatment processes. Prog. Water Technol. 10 (1978) 741-758
29. Gujer W., and Boller M. Operating experience with plastic media tertiary trickling filters for nitrification. Water Sci. Technol. 16 10-11 (1984) 201-213
30. Gujer W., and Boller M. Design of a nitrifying tertiary trickling filter based on theoretical concepts. Water Res. 20 11 (1986) 1353-1362
31. Gujer W., and Boller M. A mathematical-model for rotating biological contactors. Water Sci. Technol. 22 1-2 (1990) 53-73
32. Gujer W., and Erni P. The effect of diurnal ammonium load variation on the performance of nitrifying activated sludge processes. Prog. Water Technol. 10 5/6 (1978) 391-407
33. Gujer W., and Jenkins D. Nitrification model for the contact stabilization activated sludge process. Water Res. 9 5-6 (1975) 561-566
34. Gujer W., Henze M., Mino T., and van Loosdrecht M.C.M. Activated Sludge Model No. 3. Water Sci. Technol. 39 1 (1999) 183-193
35. Hanæus J., Hellström D., and Johansson E. A study of a urine separation system in an ecological village in Northern Sweden. Water Sci. Technol. 35 9 (1997) 153-160
36. Harremoës P. The significance of pore diffusion to filter denitrification. J. WPCF 46 2 (1976) 377-388
37. Henze M., et al. Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2D and ASM3. Scientific and Technical Report No. 9 (2000), IWA Publishing, London, England
38. Holienčin, A., 1996. Nitritumsatz in nitrifiziererenden Belebungsanlagen. Dissertation ETH Nr. 11875.
39. Holienčin A., and Gujer W. Produktion von Nitrit in der Nitrifikation. GWA 76 11 (1996) 841-846
40. Jancarkova I., Larsen T.A., and Gujer W. Distribution of nitrifying bacteria in a shallow stream. Water Sci. Technol. 36 8-9 (1997) 161-166
41. Kirchmann H., and Pettersson S. Human urine - chemical composition and fertilizer use efficiency. Fert. Res. 40 (1995) 149-154
42. Krhutkova O., Novak L., Pachmanova L., Benakova A., Wanner J., and Kos M. In situ bioaugmentation of nitrification in the regeneration zone: practical application and experiences at full-scale plants. Water Sci. Technol. 53 12 (2006) 39-46
43. Kuenen J.G. Anammox bacteria: from discovery to application. Nat. Rev. - Microbiol. 6 (2008) 320-326
44. Kuypers M.M.M., Sliekers A.O., Lavik G., Schmid M., Jørgensen B.B., Kuenen J.G., Damsté J.S.S., Strous M., and Jetten M.S.M. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea. Nature 422 6932 (2003) 608-611
45. Larsen T.A., and Gujer W. Separate management of anthropogenic nutrient solutions (human urine). Water Sci. Technol. 34 3-4 (1996) 87-94
46. Larsen T.A., and Gujer W. Waste design and source control lead to flexibility in wastewater management. Water Sci. Technol. 43 5 (2001) 309-317
47. Lawrence A.W., and McCarty P.L. Unified basis for biological treatment design and operation. J. Sanitary Eng. Div., ASCE 96 3SA (1970) 757-778
48. Lijklema L. Model for nitrification in activated sludge process. Environ. Sci. Technol. 7 5 (1973) 428-433
49. Manser, R., 2005. Population Dynamics and Kinetics of Nitrifying Bacteria in Membrane and Conventional Activated Sludge Plants. Dissertation, ETH No. 16217, ETH Zurich, http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/view/eth:28260?q=(author:manser)
50. Manser R., Gujer W., and Siegrist H. Decay processes of nitrifying bacteria in biological wastewater treatment systems. Water Res. 40 12 (2006) 2416-2426
51. Manser R., Gujer W., and Siegrist H. Membrane bioreactor versus conventional activated sludge system: population dynamics of nitrifiers. Water Sci. Technol. 52 10-11 (2005) 417-425
52. Manser R., Gujer W., and Siegrist H. Consequences of mass transfer effects on the kinetics of nitrifiers. Water Res. 39 19 (2005) 4633-4642
53. Marais Gv.R., and Ekama G.A. The activated sludge process. Part 1 - steady state behaviour. Water SA 2 4 (1976) 163
54. Matsché N., and Moser D. Operation of a two-stage activated sludge package plant for high efficiency treatment. Water Sci. Technol. 28 10 (1993) 299-307
55. Monod J. La technique de culture continue: théorie et applications. Ann. Inst. Pasteur 79 (1950) 390-410
56. Mueller, J.A., Paquin, P., Famularo, J., 1978. Nitrification in rotating biological contactors. In: 51st Annual Conference WPCF, Anaheim, CA.
57. Müller. Stickstofftoxizität für Fische und herzuleitende Grenzwerte. Eawag News No. 30D (1990) 33-36. http://library.eawag-empa.ch/eawagnewsarchive.htm
58. Neumann M.B., and Gujer W. Underestimation of uncertainty in statistical regression of environmental models: influence of model structure uncertainty. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 11 (2008) 4037-4043
59. Novick A., and Szilard L. Description of the chemostat. Science 112 2920 (1950) 715-716
60. Poduska R.A., and Andrews J.F. Dynamics of nitrification in the activated sludge process. J. WPCF 47 11 (1975) 2599-2619
61. 2O production by Nitrosomonas europaea: an examination of nitrifier denitrification. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49 (1985) 1134-1141
62. Rauch W., Brockmann D., Peters I., Larsen T.A., and Gujer W. Combining urine separation with waste design: an analysis using a stochastic model for urine production. Water Res. 37 3 (2003) 681-689
63. Salem S., Berends D.H.J.G., Heijnen J.J., and Van Loosdrecht M.C.M. Bio-augmentation by nitrification with return sludge. Water Res. 35 (2003) 1794-1804
64. Salem S., Berends D.H.J.G., van der Roest H.F., van der Kuij R.J., and van Loosdrecht M.C.M. Full-scale application of the BABE((R)) technology. Water Sci. Technol. 50 7 (2004) 87-96
65. Siegrist H., and Gujer W. Demonstration of mass transfer and pH effects in a nitrifying biofilm. Water Res. 21 12 (1987) 1481-1487
66. Siegrist H., Reithaar S., Koch G., and Lais P. Nitrogen loss in a nitrifying rotating contactor treating ammonium-rich wastewater without organic carbon. Water Sci. Technol. 38 8-9 (1998) 241-248
67. Tomlinson T.G., Boon A.G., and Trotman G.N.A. Inhibition of nitrification in the activated sludge process of sewage disposal. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29 2 (1966) 266-291
68. Udert K.M., Larsen T.A., and Gujer W. Chemical nitrite oxidation in acid solutions as a consequence of microbial ammonium oxidation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 11 (2005) 4066-4075
69. USEPA. Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control (1975), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Transfer October 1975
70. USEPA. Manual: Nitrogen Control (1993), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Office of Water EPA/625/R-93/010, p. 311, September 1993
71. 2O) from denitrifying activated sludge: verification and application of a mathematical model. Water Res. 30 3 (1996) 521-530
72. von Schulthess R., Wild D., and Gujer W. Nitric and nitrous oxides from denitrifying activated sludge at low oxygen concentration. Water Sci. Technol. 30 6 (1994) 123-132
73. Wagner M., Rath G., Koops H.P., Flood J., and Amann R. In situ analysis of nitrifying bacteria in sewage treatment plants. Water Sci. Technol. 34 1-2 (1996) 237-244
74. Wandl G., Kroiss H., and Svardal K. The main wastewater treatment plant of Vienna: an example of cost effective wastewater treatment for large cities. Water Sci. Technol. 54 10 (2006) 79-86
75. Wanner O., and Gujer W. Competition in biofilms. Water Sci. Technol. 17 (1984) 27-44
76. Wanner O., and Gujer W. A multispecies biofilm model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 28 (1986) 314-328
77. Water Pollution Research. Yearly Report (1964), Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London
78. Wiesmann J. Ideenwettbewerb. Schweiz. Ing. und Arch. 100 13 (1982) 222-226
79. Williamson K., and McCarty P.L. A model of substrate utilization by bacterial films. J. WPCF 48 1 (1976) 9-24
80. Wuhrmann K. Grundlagen für die Dimensionierung der Belüftung bei Belebungsanlagen. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. 26 2 (1964) 310-337