Flammability assessment of CH2{double bond, long}CFCF3: Comparison with fluoroalkenes and fluoroalkanes

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 172, Issue 2-3, 2009, Pages 1329-1338

  Takizawa, Kenji ^a   Tokuhashi, Kazuaki ^a   Kondo, Shigeo ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

Author keywords

1234yf; Burning velocity; Flammability limit; Heat of combustion; Refrigerant

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANT; BURNING VELOCITY; DOUBLE BONDS; FLAME PROPAGATION; FLAME TEMPERATURES; FLAMMABILITY LIMIT; FLAMMABILITY LIMITS; FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES; FLUOROALKANES; FLUOROALKENES; GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL; HEAT OF COMBUSTION; HIGHLY SENSITIVE; ORDER OF MAGNITUDE; SCHLIEREN PHOTOGRAPHY; SPHERICAL-VESSEL METHODS;

COMBUSTION; EXPLOSIVES; REFRIGERANTS; SMOKE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; VELOCITY;

FLAMMABILITY;

ALKANE DERIVATIVE; ALKENE DERIVATIVE; FLUOROALKANE DERIVATIVE; FLUOROALKENE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; 2,3,3,3 TETRAFLUOROPROPENE; 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE; ALKANE; ALKENE; FLUOROCARBON;

ALKANE; ALKENE; BURNING; COMBUSTION; PHOTOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE EFFECT;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; COMBUSTION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FLAMMABILITY; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; PHOTOGRAPHY; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMISTRY; FIRE; FLUORIDATION; FREEZING; MATERIALS TESTING; TEMPERATURE; THERMODYNAMICS;

ALKANES; ALKENES; FIRES; FLUORIDATION; FLUOROCARBONS; GLOBAL WARMING; MATERIALS TESTING; REFRIGERATION; TEMPERATURE; THERMODYNAMICS;

EID: 71749100578     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.001     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007, Designation and Safety Classification of refrigerants.
2. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007, Working Gr**oup I Report "The Physical Science Basis", 2007.
3. Directive 2006/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 17 May 2006 relating to emission from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles and amending Council Directive 70/156/EEC, Official Journal of the European Union 14.6.2006.
4. IPCC Third Assessment Report: Climate Change 2001, The Scientific Basis, 2001.
5. Takizawa K., Takahashi A., Tokuhashi K., Kondo S., and Sekiya A. Burning velocity measurement of HFC-41, HFC-152, and HFC-161 by the spherical-vessel method. J. Fluorine Chem. 127 (2006) 1547-1553
6. Takizawa K., Takahashi A., Tokuhashi K., Kondo S., and Sekiya A. Burning velocity measurement of fluorinated compounds by spherical-vessel method. Combust. Flame 141 (2005) 298-307
7. Tokuhashi K., Chen L., Kutsuna S., Uchimaru T., Sugie M., and Sekiya A. Environmental assessment of CFC alternatives-rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with fluorinated compounds -. J. Fluorine Chem. 125 (2004) 1801-1807
8. 3 reactions with OH radicals. J. Phys. Chem. A 110 (2006) 12845-12851
9. 2: Products of the gas-phase reactions with Cl atoms and OH radicals. J. Phys. Chem. A 111 (2007) 909-915
10. 3. Chem. Phys. Lett. 439 (2007) 18-22
11. 2CHCl- with OH radicals at 253-328 K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 418 (2006) 519-523
12. 2- with OH radicals at 253-328 K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 439 (2007) 40-45
13. M. Spatz, B. Minor, HFO-1234yf, A low GWP refrigerant for MAC, Honeywell/DuPont joint collaboration, VDA Alternative Refrigerant Winter Meeting 2008, Saalfelden, Austria, 2008.
14. Andrews G.E., and Bradley D. Determination of burning velocities: a critical review. Combust. Flame 18 (1972) 133-153
15. Takizawa K., Takahashi A., Tokuhashi K., Kondo S., and Sekiya A. Reaction stoichiometry for combustion of fluoroethane blends. ASHRAE Trans. 112 (2006) 459-468
16. Takahashi A., Urano Y., Tokuhashi K., and Kondo S. Effect of vessel size and shape on experimental flammability limits of gases. J. Hazard. Mater. A105 (2003) 27-37
17. R. Richard, Allied Signal, Inc., Refrigerant flammability testing in large volume vessels, Contact ARTI Database c/o James M. Calm, Engineering Consultant, Great Falls, VA, March 1998.
18. ASTM E681-04, Standard test method for concentration limits of flammability of chemicals (vapors and gases), American Society of Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
19. S. Kondo, K. Takizawa, A. Takahashi, K. Tokuhashi, J. Mizukado, A. Sekiya, Flammability limits of olefinic and saturated fluoro-compounds, J. Hazard. Mater. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.042.
20. Kondo S., Takizawa K., Takahashi A., and Tokuhashi K. Extended Le Chatelier's formula and nitrogen dilution effect on the flammability limits. Fire Safety J. 41 (2006) 406-417
21. Kondo S., Urano Y., Takizawa K., Takahashi A., Tokuhashi K., and Sekiya A. Flammability limits of multi-fluorinated compounds. Fire Safety J. 41 (2006) 46-56
22. Takizawa K., Takahashi A., Tokuhashi K., Kondo S., and Sekiya A. Burning velocity measurements of nitrogen-containing compounds. J. Hazard. Mater. 155 (2008) 144-152
23. Honeywell, Material safety data sheet on 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, May 9, 2008, based on the results by Honeywell International and Underwriters Laboratories.
24. Dr. R. Richard, Dr. R. Singh, Private communication.
25. IEC 1241-2-3, Method for determining minimum ignition energy of dust/air mixtures.
26. ASTM E582-07, Standard test method for minimum ignition energy and quenching distance in gaseous mixtures, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
27. ASTM E2079-01, Standard test methods for limiting oxygen (oxidant) concentration in gases and vapors, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
28. B. Lewis, G. von Elbe, Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases, 3rd ed., Academic Press, New York, 1987, pp. 337-340, 395-402.
29. 2 mixtures. Combust. Flame 123 (2000) 140-158
30. Liao S.Y., Jiang D.M., Gao J., Huang Z.H., and Cheng Q. Measurements of Markstein numbers and laminar burning velocities for liquefied petroleum gas-air mixtures. Fuel 83 (2004) 1281-1288
31. Bradley D., Gaskell P.H., and Gu X.J. Burning velocities, Markstein lengths, and flame quenching for spherical methane-air flames: a computational study. Combust. Flame 104 (1996) 176-198
32. Gu X.J., Haq M.Z., Lawes M., and Woolley R. Laminar burning velocity and Markstein lengths of methane-air mixtures. Combust. Flame 121 (2000) 41-58
33. Kim C.H., Kwon O.C., and Faeth G.M. Effects of halons and halon replacements on hydrogen-fueled laminar premixed flames. J. Prop. Power 18 (2002) 1059-1067
34. Takizawa K., Takahashi A., Tokuhashi K., Kondo S., and Sekiya A. Burning velocity measurements of fluoropropanes by the spherical-vessel method. J. Fluorine Chem. 129 (2008) 713-719
35. Williams F.A. Combustion Theory. second ed. (1985), Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, CA, USA pp.130-136
36. Stone R., Clarke A., and Beckwith P. Correlations for the laminar-burning velocity of methane/diluent/air mixtures obtained in free-fall experiments. Combust. Flame 114 (1998) 546-555
37. Kataoka O. Flammability indices for refrigerants-evaluation of conventional indices and a new proposal. Trans. JSRAE 18 (2001) 289-298 (in Japanese)
38. Kondo S., Urano Y., Tokuhashi K., Takahashi A., and Tanaka K. Prediction of flammability of gases by using F-number analysis. J. Hazard. Mater. A82 (2001) 113-128
39. Kondo S., Takahashi A., Tokuhashi K., and Sekiya A. RF-number as a new index for assessing combustion hazard of flammable gases. J. Hazard. Mater. A93 (2002) 259-267
40. Kondo S., Takizawa K., Takahashi A., Tokuhashi K., and Sekiya A. Assessing combustion hazard of flammable gases: Revision of RF-number. ASHRAE Trans. 110 (2004) 534-539
41. Kondo S., Takahashi A., Tokuhashi K., Sekiya A., Yamada Y., and Saito K. Theoretical calculation of heat of formation for a number of moderate sized fluorinated compounds. J. Fluorine Chem. 117 (2002) 47-53