Faulting and volcanism in the axial valley of the slowspreading center of the Mariana back arc basin from Wadatsumi side-scan sonar images

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2005, Pages

  Deschamps, Anne ^a   Fujiwara, Toshiya ^b   Asada, Miho ^c   Montési, Laurent ^a   Gente, Pascal ^d  

^a WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^b JAPAN AGENCY FOR MARINE EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^d INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE EUROPÉEN DE LA MER   (France)

Author keywords

Back arc; Deep tow; Faulting; Ridge; Side scan sonar; Volcanism

Indexed keywords

EID: 71749089156     PISSN: 15252027     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004GC000881     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Ackermann, R. V., and R. W. Schlische (1997), Anticlustering of small normal faults around larger faults, Geology, 25, 1127-1130.
2. Ackermann, R. V.,R.W. Schlische,and M. O. Withjack (2001), The geometric and statistical evolution of normal fault systems: An experimental study of the effects of mechanical layer thickness on scaling laws, J. Struct. Geol., 23, 1803-1819.
3. Allerton,S., andC.J.MacLeod(1998),Fault-controlled magma transport in the mantle lithosphere at slow-spreading ridges, in Modern Ocean Floor Processes and the Geological Record, edited by R. A. Mills and K. Harrison, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 148, 29-42.
4. Allerton, S., J. Escartin, and R. C. Searle (2000), Extremely asymmetric magmatic accretion of oceanic crust at the ends of slow-spreading segments, Geology, 28, 179-182.
5. Ballard, R. D., R. T. Holcomb, and T. H. van Andel (1979), The Galapagos Rift at 86°W, 3°N: Sheet flows, collapse pits and lava lakes of the rift, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 5407-5422.
6. Bibee, L. D., G. G. Shor Jr., and R. S. Lu (1980), Inter-arc spreading in the Mariana Trough, Mar. Geol., 35, 183-197.
7. Bohnenstiehl, D. R., and M. C. Kleinrock (1999), Faulting and fault scaling on the median valley floor of the TAG segment, 26°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 29,351-29,364.
8. Bohnenstiehl, D. R., and M. C. Kleinrock (2000), Fissuring near the TAG active hydrothermal mound, 26 °N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 98, 33-48.
9. Bonatti, E., and C. G. A. Harrison (1988), Eruption style of basalt in oceanic spreading ridges and seamounts: Effect of magma temperature and viscosity, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2967-2980.
10. Bonnet, E., O. Bour, N. Odling, P. Davy, I. Main, P. Cowie, and B. Berkowitz (2001), Scaling of fracture systems in geological media, Rev. Geophys., 39(3), 347-383.
11. Briais, A., H. Sloan, L. M. Parson, and B. J. Murton (2000), Accretionary processes in the axial valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 27°N-30°N from TOBI side-scan images, Mar. Geophys Res , 21, 87-119.
12. Bryan, W. B., S. E. Humphris, G. Thompson, and J. F. Casey (1994), Comparative volcanology ofsmall axial eruptive centers in the MARK area, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 2973-2984.
13. Carbotte, S. M., and K. C. Macdonald (1990), Causes of variation in fault-facing direction on the ocean floor, Geology, 18, 749-752.
14. Carbotte, S. M., S. M. Welch, and K. C. Macdonald (1991), Spreading rates, rift propagation and fracture zone offset histories during the past 5 my on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 25-27°30′S and 31-34°30'S, Mar. Geophys. Res., 13,51-80.
15. Chadwick, W. W., and R. W. Embley (1994), Lava flows from a mid-1980s submarine eruption on the Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 99(B3), 4761-4776.
16. Clifton, A. E., R. W. Schlische, M. O. Withjack, and R. V. Ackermann (2000), Influence of rift obliquity on fault-population systematics: Results of clay modeling experiments, J. Struct. Geol., 22, 1491-1509.
17. Cowie, P. A. (1998), A healing-reloading feedback control on the growth rate ofseismogenic faults, J. Struct. Geol., 20(8), 1075-1087.
18. Cowie, P. A., C. Vanneste, and D. Sornette (1993), Statistical physics model for the spatiotemporal evolution of faults, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 21,809-21,821.
19. Cowie, P. A., A. Malinverno, W. B. F. Ryan, and M. Edwards (1994), Quantitative fault studies on the East Pacific Rise: A comparison of sonar imaging techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15,205-15,218.
20. Cowie, P. A., D. Sornette, and C. Vanneste (1995), Multifractal scaling properties of a growing fault population, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 457-469.
21. Dauteuil, O., and J.-P. Brun (1993), Oblique rifting in a slow-spreading ridge, Nature, 361, 145-148.
22. Dauteuil, O., and J.-P. Brun (1996), Deformation partitioning in a slow-spreading ridge undergoing oblique extension (Mohns ridge-Norwegian Sea), Tectonics, 15, 870-884.
23. Delaney, P. T., and D. R. Pollard (1982), Solidification of basaltic magma during flow in a dike, Am. J. Sci., 282, 856-885.
24. Deschamps, A., and T. Fujiwara (2003), Asymmetric accretion along the slow-spreading Mariana Ridge, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(10), 8622, doi:10.1029/2003GC000537.
25. Detrick, R. S., H. D. Needham, and V. Renard (1995), Gravity anomalies and crustal thickness variations along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 33°N and 40°N, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 3767-3787.
26. Dziak, R. P., C. G. Fox, and A. E. Schreiner (1995), The June-July 1993 seismo-acoustic event at CoAxial segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Evidence for a lateral dike injection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(2), 135-138.
27. Embley, R. W., and W. W. Chadwick (1994), Volcanic and hydrothermal processes associated with a recent phase of sea floor spreading at the northern Cleft segment: Juan de Fuca Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4741-4760.
28. Escartin, J., G. Hirth, and B. Evans (1997), Nondilatant brittle deformation of serpentinites: Implications for Mohr-Coulomb theory and the strength of faults, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2897-2913.
29. Faerseth, R. B., B.-E. Knudsen, T. Liljedahl, P. S. Midbùe, and B. Sùderstrum (1997), Oblique rifting and sequential faulting in the Jurassic development of the northern North Sea, J. Struct. Geol., 19, 1285-1302.
30. Fox, C. G., and R. P. Dziak (1996), Seismo-acoustic detection of volcanic activity on the Gorda Ridge, February-March, 1996, Eos Trans. AGU, 77(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., F1.
31. Fox, P. J., N. R. Grindlay, and K. C. Macdonald (1991), The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (31°S-34°30′S): Temporal and spatial variations of accretionary processes, Mar. Geophys. Res., 13, 1-20.
32. Gente, P., R. Pockalny, C. Durand, C. Deplus, M. Maia, G. Ceuleneer, C. Mevel, and C. Laverne (1995), Characteristics and evolution of the segmentation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 20°N and 24°N during the last 10 Myr, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 129, 55-71.
33. Gomberg, J., and M. Ellis (1994), Topography and tectonics of the central New Madrid seismic zone: Results of numerical experiments using a three-dimensional boundary element program, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,299-20,310.
34. Gregg, T. K. P., and J. H. Fink (1995), Quantification of submarine lava flow morphology through analog experiments, Geology, 23, 73-76.
35. Gregg, T. K., D. J. Fornari, M. R. Perfit, R. M. Haymon, and J. H. Fink (1996), Rapid emplacement of a mid-ocean ridge lava flow: The East Pacific Rise at 9°46-51N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144(3-4), E1-E7.
36. Griffiths, R. W., and J. A. Fink (1992), Solidification and morphology of submarine lavas: A dependence on extrusion rate, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,729-19,737.
37. Gudmundsson, A. (1998), Magma chambers modeled as cavities explain the formation of rift zone central volcanoes and their eruptive and intrusion statistics, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 7401-7412.
38. Gupta, A., and C. H. Scholz (2000), Brittle strain regime transition in the Afar depression: Implications for fault growth and seafloor spreading, Geology, 28, 1087-1090.
39. Head, J. W., L. Wilson, and D. K. Smith (1996), Midocean ridge eruptive vent morphology and substructure: Evidence for dike widths, eruption rates, and evolution of eruptions and axial volcanic ridges, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 28,265-28,280.
40. Hussong, D. M., and S. Uyeda (1982), Tectonic processes and the history of the Mariana Arc, A synthesis of the results of Deep Sea Drilling leg 60, Initial Rep. Deep Sea Drill. Proj., 60, 909-929.
41. Iwamoto, H., M. Yamamoto, N. Seama, K. Kitada, T. Matsuno, Y. Nogi, T. Goto, T. Fujiwara, K. Suyehiro, and T. Yamazaki (2002), Tectonic evolution of the central Mariana Trough, Eos Trans. AGU, 83(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., abstract T72A-1235.
42. Karson, J. A. (1988), Factors controlling the orientation of dykes in ophiolites and oceanic crust. in Mafic Dyke Swarms, edited by H. C. Hall and W. F. Fahrig, Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Pap., 34, 229-241.
43. Kato, T., J. Beavan, T. Matsushima, Y. Kotake, J. T. Camacho, and S. Nakao (2003), Geodetic evidence of back-arc spreading in the Mariana Trough, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(12), 1625, doi:10.1029/2002GL016757.
44. Kitada, K., et al. (2002), Gravity anomaly of Mariana Trough (abstract), paper presented at NSF-IFREE MARGINS Work-shop on the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Subduction System, Natl. Sci. Found., Honolulu, 8-12 Sept.
45. Kitada, K., T. Yamazaki, N. Seama, H. Iwamoto, T. Matsuno, T. Fujiwara, K. Okino, Y. Nogi, and K. Suyehiro (2004), The tectonic features in Mariana Trough, inferred from gravity anomalies, paper presented at Japan Earth and Planetary Science Joint Meeting, Geod. Soc. of Jpn., Chiba, Japan, 9-13 May.
46. Koenig, E., and D. D. Pollard (1998), Mapping and modeling of radial fracture patterns on Venus, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 15,183-15,202.
47. Kong, L. S. L., S. C. Solomon, and G. M. Purdy (1992), Micro-earthquake characteristics of a mid-ocean ridge along-axis high, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1659-1685.
48. Kuo, B.-Y., and D. W. Forsyth (1988), Gravity anomalies of the ridge-transform system in the South Atlantic between 31° and 34.5°S: Upwelling centers and variations in crustal thickness, Mar. Geophys. Res., 10, 205-232.
49. LaTraille, S. L., and D. M. Hussong (1980), Crustal structure across the Mariana Island Arc, in The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.23, edited by D. E. Hayes, pp. 209-221, AGU, Washington, D. C.
50. Lawrence, R. M., J. A. Karson, and S. D. Hurst (1998), Dike orientations, fault-block rotations, and the construction of slow spreading crust at 22°40′N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 663-676.
51. Lawson, K., R. C. Searle, J. A. Pearce, P. Browning, and P. Kempton (1996), Detailed volcanic geology of the MARNOK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge north of Kane transform, in Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrothermal and Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges, edited by C. MacLeod et al., Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 118, 61-102.
52. Lin, J., G. M. Parmentier, H. Schouten, J.-C. Sempéré, and C. Zervas (1990), Evidence from gravity data for focused magmatic accretion along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Nature, 344, 627-632.
53. Macdonald, K. C. (1998), Linkages between faulting, volcanism, hydrothermal activity and segmentation on fast spreading centers, in Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.106, edited by R. Buck, J. A. Karson, and Y. Lagabrielle, pp. 27-58, AGU, Washington, D. C.
54. Macdonald, K. C., S. P. Miller, S. P. Huestis, and F. N. Spiess (1980), Three-dimensional modeling of a magnetic reversal boundary, from inversion of deep-tow measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 3670-3680.
55. McAllister, E., J. Cann, and S. Spencer (1995), The evolution of crustal deformation in an oceanic extensional environment, J. Struct. Geol., 17, 183-199.
56. Newman, S., E. Stolper, and R. Stern (2000), H2O and CO2 in magmas from the Mariana arc and back arc systems, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 1(5), doi:10.1029/1999GC000027.
57. Nur, A. (1982), The origin of tensile fracture lineaments, J. Struct. Geol., 4, 31-40.
58. Okada, Y. (1992), Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 82, 1018-1040.
59. Pariso, J. E., J. C. Sempéré, and C. Rommevaux (1995), Temporal and spatial variations in crustal accretion along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (29°-31°30′N) over the last 10 m.y.: Implications from a 3-D gravity study, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17,781-17,794.
60. Parker, R. L., and S. P. Huestis (1974), The inversion of magnetic anomalies in the presence of topography, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1587-1593.
61. Perfit, M. R., and W. W. Chadwick Jr. (1998), Magmatism at mid-ocean ridges: Constraints from volcanological and geochemical investigations, in Faulting and Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.106, edited by W. R. Buck et al., pp. 59-116, AGU, Washington, D. C.
62. Peterson, D. W., R. T. Holcomb, R. I. Tilling, and R. L. Christiansen (1994), Development of lava tubes in the light of observations of Mauna Ulu, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Bull. Volcanol., 56, 343-360.
63. Pickering, G., J. M. Bull, and D. J. Sanderson (1995), Sampling power-law distributions, Tectonophysics, 248,1-20.
64. Prince, R. A., and D. W. Forsyth (1988), Horizontal extent of anomalously thin crust near the Vema fracture zone from the 3-D analysis of gravity anomalies, J. Geophys. Res., 93(B7), 8051-8063.
65. Richter, D. H., J. P. Eaton, K. J. Murata, W. U. Ault, and H. L. Krivoy (1970), Chronological narrative of the 1959-60 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 537-E, 73 pp.
66. Rubin, A. M. (1995), Propagation of magma-filled cracks, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 23, 287-336.
67. Scheirer, D. S., D. J. Fornari, S. E. Humphris, and S. Lerner (2000), High-resolution seafloor mapping using the DSL-120 sonar system: Quantitative assessment of sidescan and phase-bathymetry data from the Lucky Strike segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Mar. Geophys. Res., 21, 121-142.
68. Schlische, R. W., S. S. Young, R. V. Ackermann, and A. Gupta (1996), Geometry and scaling relations of a population of very small rift-related normal faults, Geology, 24(8), 683-686.
69. Scholz, C. H., and J. Campos (1995), On the mechanism of seismic decoupling and back arc spreading at subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22,103-22,115.
70. Scholz, C. H., N. H. Dawers, J.-J. Yu, M. A. Anders, and P. A. Cowie (1993), Fault growth and fault scaling laws: Preliminary results, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 21,951-21,961.
71. Seama, N., and T. Fujiwara (1993), Geomagnetic anomalies in the Mariana Trough 18°N, in Preliminary Report of the Hakuho-Maru Cruise KH92-1, edited by J. Segawa, pp. 70-71, Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo.
72. Sempéré, J. C., J. Lin, H. S. Brown, H. Schouten, and G. M. Purdy (1993), Segmentation and morphotectonic variations along a slow-spreading center: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (24°00′N-30°40′N), Mar. Geophys. Res., 15, 153-200.
73. Shaw, P. R., and J. Lin (1993), Causes and consequences of variations in faulting style at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 21,839-21,851.
74. Sinton, J. B., and D. M. Hussong (1983), Crustal structure of a Short Length Transform Fault in the Central Mariana Trough, in The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands, Part 2, Geophys. Monogr. Ser, vol.27, edited by D. E. Hayes, pp. 236-254, AGU, Washington, D. C.
75. Smith, D. K., and J. R. Cann (1999), Constructing the upper crust of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: A reinterpretation based on the Puna Ridge, Kilauea Volcano, J Geophys Res , 104, 25,379-25,399.
76. Smith, D. K., J. R. Cann, and the cruise participants of CD65 (1995), Mid-Atlantic Ridge volcanism from deep-towed side scan sonar images, 25°-29°N, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 67, 233-262.
77. Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell (1997), Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277, 1952-1956.
78. Spyropoulos, C., W. J. Griffith, C. H. Scholz, and B. E. Shaw (1999), Experimental evidence for different strain regimes of crack populations in a clay model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1081-1084.
79. Spyropoulos, C., C. H. Scholz, and B. E. Shaw (2002), Transition regimes for growing crack populations, Phys. Rev. E., 65, 056105, doi:10.1103/PhysRevE. 65.056105. (Pubitemid 40606842)
80. Stern, R. J., M. J. Fouch, and S. L. Klemperer (2003), An overview of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction factory, in Inside the Subduction Factory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.138, edited by J. M. Eiler, pp. 175-222, AGU, Washington, D. C.
81. Supak, S. K., D. R. Bohnenstiehl, and W. R. Buck (2003), Flexing is not stretching: An analog study offlexure-induced fault growth, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T22B-0508.
82. Swanson, D. A., D. B. Jackson, R. Y. Koyanagi, and T. L. Wright (1976), The February 1969 East Rift eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 891, 30 pp.
83. Takahashi, N., S. Kodaira, A. Ito, H. Shiobara, H. Sugioka, B. Kerr, I. Vlad, S. Klemperer, Y. Kaneda, and K. Suyehiro (2003), Crustal architecture of the Mariana arc, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T32A-0907.
84. Taylor, B., A. M. Goodliffe, G. F. Moorel, A. J. Oakley, P. Fryer, and EW0202 Scientific Party (2002), Multi-channel seismic images of the Mariana Trough: EW0202 initial results, Eos Trans. AGU, 83(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract T72A-1228.
85. Tivey, M. A., and B. E. Tucholke (1998), Magnetization of 0-29 Ma ocean crust on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 25°30′ to 27°10′N, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,807-17,826.
86. Tolstoy, M., A. J. Harding, and J. A. Orcutt (1993), Crustal thickness on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge-Bull's eye gravity anomalies and focused accretion, Science, 262, 726-729.
87. Vacquier, V. (1972), Geomagnetism, in Marine Geology, 185 pp., Elsevier, New York.
88. White, S. M., K. C. Macdonald, and R. M. Haymon (2000), Basaltic lava domes, lava lakes, and volcanic segmentation of the southern East Pacific Rise, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23,519-23,536.
89. White, S. M., R. M. Haymon, D. J. Fornari, M. R. Perfit, and K. C. Macdonald (2002), Correlation between volcanic and tectonic segmentation of fast-spreading ridges: Evidence from volcanic structures and lava flow morphology on the East Pacific Rise at 9°-10°N, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B8), 2173, doi:10.1029/2001JB000571.
90. Wolfe, C. J., G. M. Purdy, D. R. Toomey, and S. C. Solomon (1995), Microearthquake characteristics and crustal velocity structure at 29°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The architecture of a slow-spreading segment, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 24,449-24,472.
91. Wright, D. J., R. M. Haymon, and D. J. Fornari (1995a), Crustal fissuring and its relationship to magmatic and hydrothermal processes on the East Pacific Rise crest (9°12′ to54′N), J. Geophys. Res., 100(B4), 6097-6120.
92. Wright, D. J., R. M. Haymon, and M. C. Macdonald (1995b), Breaking new ground: Estimates of cracks depth along the axial zone of the East Pacific Rise (9°12-54'N), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 134, 441-457.