SAR reduction in human head from mobile phone radiation using single negative metamaterials

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

Volumn 23, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 1385-1395

  Manapati, M B ^a   Kshetrimayum, R S ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GUWAHATI   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

900 MHZ; DESIGN PROCEDURE; EFFECTIVE MEDIUM; ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS; HUMAN HEAD; MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS; MOBILE PHONE RADIATION; NUMERICAL RESULTS; SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE; SPIRAL RESONATORS; SPLIT RING RESONATOR; STRUCTURAL PARAMETER;

MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS; METAMATERIALS; MOBILE PHONES; MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; OPTICAL RESONATORS; RING GAGES; SYNTHETIC APERTURES; TELECOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT; TELEPHONE; TELEPHONE SETS;

RADAR ANTENNAS;

EID: 71649113566     PISSN: 09205071     EISSN: 15693937     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156939309789108606     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. "IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz," IEEE C95.1-1991, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, 1992.
2. "Guidelines on limits of exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields in the frequency range from 100kHz to 300GHz," Health Phys., Vol.54, No.1, 115-123, International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of the International Radiation Protection Association, 1988.
3. Ozbay, E., K. Aydin, E. Cubukcu, and M. Bayindir, "Transmission and reflection properties of composite double negative metamaterials in free space," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.51, No.10, 2592-2595, 2003.
4. Ziolkowski, R. W., "Design, fabrication, and testing of double negative metamaterials," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.51, No.7, 1516-1529, 2003.
5. Wang, F., Z. Du, Q. Wang, and K. Gong, "Enhanced-bandwidth PIFA with T-shaped ground plane," Electronic Letters, Vol.40, No.23, 1504-1505, 2004.
6. Kim, B., J. Hoon, and H. Choi, "Small wideband PIFA for mobile phones at 1800 MHz," Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol.1, 27-29, 2004.
7. "Recommended practice for determining the peak spatial-average specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human body due to wireless communications devices: Experimental techniques," IEEE SCC34, Draft 6.5, 2001.
8. "Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phones with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (300 MHz-3 GHz)," ICENELEC, Ref. No EN 50360:2001.
9. Wang, J. and O. Fujiwara, "FDTD computation of temperature rise in the human head for portable telephones," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol.47, No.8, 1528-1534, 1999.
10. Pendry, J. B., A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol.47, 2075-2084, 1999.
11. Smith, D. R., W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol.84, 4184-4187, 2000.
12. Veselago, V. G., "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of-r and ?r," Sov. Phys. Usp., Vol.10, No.4, 509-514, 1968.
13. Pendry, J. B., A. J. Holden, W. J. Stewart, et al., "Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol.47, 2075-2084, 1999.
14. Oraizi, H. and A. Abdolali, "Combination of MLS, GA and CG for the reduction of RCS of multilayered cylindrical structures composed of dispersive metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol.3, 227-253, 2008.
15. Ekmekci, E. and G. Turhan-Sayan, "Comparative investigation of resonance characteristics and electrical size of the doublesided SRR, BC-SRR and conventional SRR type metamaterials for varying substrate parameters," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol.12, 35-62, 2009.
16. Wang, J., S. Qu, H. Ma, Y. Yang, X. Wu, Z. Xu, and M. Hao, "Wide-angle polarization-independent planar left-handed metamaterials based on dielectric resonators," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol.12, 243-258, 2009.
17. Huang, M. D. and S. Y. Tan, "Efficient electrically small prolate spheroidal antennas coated with a shell of double-negative metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 82, 241-255, 2008.
18. Yu, A., F. Yang, and A. Z. Elsherbeni, "A dual band circularly polarized ring antenna based on composite right and left handed metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 78, 73-81, 2008.
19. Wu, B.-I., W.Wang, J. Pacheco, X. Chen, T. M. Grzegorczyk, and J. A. Kong, "A study of using metamaterials as antenna substrate to enhance gain," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 51, 295-328, 2005.
20. Bilotti, F., A. Alu, N. Engheta, and L. Vegni, "Anomalous properties of scattering from cavities partially loaded with double-negative or single-negative metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 51, 49-63, 2005.
21. Ishimaru, A., S. Jaruwantanadilok, and Y. Kuga, "Generalized surface plasmon resonance sensors using metamaterials and negative index metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 51, 139-152, 2005.
22. Cui, T.-J., H.-F. Ma, R. P. Liu, B. Zhao, Q. Cheng, and J. Y. Chin, "A symmetrical circuit model describing all kinds of circuit metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol.5, 63-76, 2008.
23. Wang, J. and O. Fujiwara, "Reduction of electromagnetic absorption in the human head for portable telephones by a ferrite sheet attachment," IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol.E80B, No.12, 1810-1815, 1997.
24. Hirata, A., T. Adachi, and T. Shiozawa, "Folded-loop antenna with a reflector for mobile handsets at 2.0 GHz," Microwave Opt. Technol., Vol.40, No.4, 272-275, 2004.
25. Hwang, J.-N. and F.-C. Chen, "Reduction of the peak SAR in the human head with metamaterials," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.54, No.12, 3763-3770, 2006.
26. Erentok, A., P. L. Luljak, and R. W. Ziolkowski, "Characterization of a volumetric metamaterial realization of an artificial magnetic conductor for antenna applications," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol.53, 160-172, 2005.
27. Sigalas, M. M., C. T. Chan, K. M. Ho, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Metallic photonic band gap materials," Phys. Rev. B, Vol.54, No.16, 11744-11751, 1995.