Complementary methods to investigate the development of clogging within a horizontal sub-surface flow tertiary treatment wetland

Water Research

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 320-330

  Knowles, P R ^a   Griffin, P ^b   Davies, P A ^a  

^a ASTON UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b SEVERN TRENT WATER LTD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Clogging; Horizontal sub surface flow; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydrodynamics; Tracer tests; Treatment wetlands

Indexed keywords

BINARY ALLOYS; DIGITAL STORAGE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HYDROLOGY; POTASSIUM ALLOYS; SOILS; WASTEWATER TREATMENT; WETLANDS;

CLOGGING; COMPLEMENTARY METHODS; DYE TRACING; FLOW PATH; HORIZONTAL SUB-SURFACE FLOW; MEASUREMENTS OF; SUBSURFACE FLOW; TERTIARY TREATMENT; TRACER TESTS; TREATMENT WETLANDS;

HYDRODYNAMICS;

RHODAMINE;

BREAKTHROUGH CURVE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HYDRODYNAMICS; HYDROLOGY; SUBSURFACE FLOW; TRACER; WASTEWATER; WETLAND;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EUROPE; FLUOROMETER; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; HYDRODYNAMICS; HYDROLOGY; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RHIZOSPHERE; UNITED KINGDOM; VOLUMETRY; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER FLOW; WETLAND;

EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 71649110165     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.028     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. ASTM-D5126. Standard Guide for Comparison of Field Methods for Determining Hydraulic Conductivity in the Vadose Zone (2004), American Society for the Testing of Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
2. Batchelor A., and Loots P. A critical evaluation of a pilot scale subsurface flow wetland: 10 years after commissioning. Water Science and Technology 35 5 (1997) 337-343
3. Bear J. Hydraulics of Groundwater (1979), McGraw-Hill, New York; London
4. Bhattarai R.R., and Griffin Jr. D.M. Results of tracer tests in rock-plant filters. Journal of Environmental Engineering 125 2 (1999) 117-125
5. Blazejewski R., and Murat-Blazejewska S. Soil clogging phenomena in constructed wetlands with subsurface flow. Water Science and Technology 35 5 (1997) 183-188
6. Breen P.F., and Chick A.J. Rootzone dynamics in constructed wetlands receiving wastewater: a comparison of vertical and horizontal flow systems. Water Science and Technology 32 3 (1995) 281-290
7. BS-ISO-17313. Soil Quality. Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter (2004), British Standards Institute
8. Caselles-Osorio A., Puigagut J., Segu E., Vaello N., Granés F., García D., and García J. Solids accumulation in six full-scale subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Water Research 41 6 (2007) 1388-1398
9. Chazarenc F., and Merlin G. Influence of surface layer on hydrology and biology of gravel bed vertical flow constructed wetlands. Water Science and Technology 51 9 (2005) 91-97
10. Chazarenc F., Merlin G., and Gonthier Y. Hydrodynamics of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering 21 2-3 (2003) 165-173
11. Christian J.N.W. Reed bed treatment systems: experimental gravel beds at Gravesend - the southern water experience. In: Cooper P.F., and Findlater B.C. (Eds). Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control (1990), Cambridge, UK: Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK 309-319
12. In: Cooper P.F. (Ed). European Design and Operations Guidelines for Reed Bed Treatment Systems (1990), WRc, Swindon, UK
13. Cooper P. The Constructed Wetland Association UK database of constructed wetland systems. Water Science and Technology 56 3 (2007) 1-6
14. Cooper D., Griffin P., and Cooper P. Factors affecting the longevity of sub-surface horizontal flow systems operating as tertiary treatment for sewage effluent. Water Science and Technology 51 9 (2005) 127-135
15. Cooper D., Griffin P., and Cooper P.F. Factors affecting the longevity of sub-surface horizontal flow systems operating as tertiary treatment for sewage effluent. In: Vymazal J. (Ed). Wastewater Treatment, Plant Dynamics and Management in Constructed and Natural Wetlands (2008), Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 191-198
16. Dittrich E. Experiences on hydraulic performance of sub-surface flow constructed wetlands. Pollack Periodica 1 1 (2006) 53-66
17. Drury, W.J., Mainzhausen, K., 2000. Hydraulic characteristics of subsurface flow wetlands, 2000 Billings Land Reclamation Symposium, Billings, MT, USA
18. EC/EWPCA. European Design and Operations Guidelines for Reed Bed Treatment Systems (1990), WRc, Swindon, UK
19. Fisher P.J. Hydraulic Characteristics of Constructed Wetlands at Richmond, NSW, Australia. In: Cooper P.F., and Findlater B.C. (Eds). Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control (1990), Cambridge, UK: Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK 21-31
20. Flury M., and Wai N.N. Dyes as tracers for vadose zone hydrology. Reviews of Geophysics 41 1 (2003) 1-2
21. Griffin, P., Wilson, L., Cooper, D., 2008. Changes in the use, operation and design of sub-surface flow constructed wetlands in a major UK water utility. 11th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, Indore, India, 419-426.
22. Hellweger, F.L., 2005. Measuring and modeling large-scale pollutant dispersion in surface waters. Collection Systems Alexandria, Virginia, 812-835.
23. Holland J.F., Martin J.F., Granata T., Bouchard V., Quigley M., and Brown L. Effects of wetland depth and flow rate on residence time distribution characteristics. Ecological Engineering 23 3 (2004) 189-203
24. Kadlec R.H., and Wallace S. Treatment wetlands. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC. second ed. (2008), Taylor & Francis, London [distributor]
25. Kadlec R.H., and Watson J.T. Hydraulics and solids accumulation in a gravel bed treatment wetland. In: Moshiri G.A.E. (Ed). Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement: Conference: Selected Papers (1993), Boca Raton: Lewis Pub 227-235
26. Knowles, P.R., Davies, P.A. (2009) A method for the in-situ determination of the hydraulic conductivity of gravels as used in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Desalination and water treatment, 1 (5), 257-266.
27. Langergraber G., Haberl R., Laber J., and Pressl A. Evaluation of substrate clogging processes in vertical flow constructed wetlands. Water Science and Technology 48 5 (2003) 25-34
28. Lin A.Y.C., Debroux J.F., Cunningham J.A., and Reinhard M. Comparison of rhodamine WT and bromide in the determination of hydraulic characteristics of constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering 20 1 (2003) 75-88
29. Maloszewski P., Wachniew P., and Czuprynski P. Study of hydraulic parameters in heterogeneous gravel beds: constructed wetland in Nowa Słupia (Poland). Journal of Hydrology 331 3-4 (2006) 630-642
30. Martinez C.J., and Wise W.R. Analysis of constructed treatment wetland hydraulics with the transient storage model OTIS. Ecological Engineering 20 3 (2003) 211-222
31. NAVFAC. Soil Mechanics. Design Manual 7.01 (1986), Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
32. Nguyen L. Accumulation of organic matter fractions in a gravel-bed constructed wetland. Water Science and Technology 44 11-12 (2001) 281-287
33. Pedescoll, A., Uggetti, E., Llorens, E., Granés, F., García, D., García, J. (2009) Practical method based on saturated hydraulic conductivity used to assess clogging in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering, 35 (8), 1216-1224.
34. Platzer C., and Mauch K. Soil clogging in vertical flow reed beds - mechanisms, parameters, consequences and solutions?. Water Science and Technology 35 5 (1997) 175-181
35. Ranieri E. Hydraulics of sub-superficial flow constructed wetlands in semi arid climate conditions. Water Science and Technology 47 7-8 (2003) 49-55
36. Reynolds W.D., and Elrick D.E. A method for simultaneous in situ measurement in the vadose zone of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, sorptivity and the conductivity-pressure head relationship. Ground Water Monitoring Review 6 1 (1986) 84-95
37. Rousseau D.P.L., Horton D., Griffin P., Vanrolleghem P.A., and De Pauw N. Impact of operational maintenance on the asset life of storm reed beds. Water Science and Technology 51 9 (2005) 243-250
38. Sanford W.E., Steenhuis T.S., Parlange J.Y., Surface J.M., and Peverly J.H. Hydraulic conductivity of gravel and sand as substrates in rock-reed filters. Ecological Engineering 4 4 (1995) 321-326
39. Sanford W.E., Steenhuis T.S., Surface J.M., and Peverly J.H. Flow characteristics of rock-reed filters for treatment of landfill leachate. Ecological Engineering 5 1 (1995) 37-50
40. Shilton A.N., and Prasad J.N. Tracer studies of a gravel bed wetland. Water Science and Technology 34 4 (1996) 421-425
41. Simi A.L., and Mitchell C.A. Design and hydraulic performance of a constructed wetland treating oil refinery wastewater. Water Science and Technology 40 3 (1999) 301-307
42. Tanner C.C., Sukias J.P.S., and Upsdell M.P. Organic matter accumulation during maturation of gravel-bed constructed wetlands treating farm dairy wastewaters. Water Research 32 10 (1998) 3046-3054
43. Wallace S.D., and Knight R.L. Small-Scale Constructed Wetland Treatment Systems: Feasibility, Design Criteria and O & M Requirements (2006), Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF), Virginia, Alexandria
44. Wang H., and Jawitz J.W. Hydraulic analysis of cell-network treatment wetlands. Journal of Hydrology 330 3-4 (2006) 721-734
45. Waters M.T., Pilgrim D.H., Schulz T.J., and Pilgrim I.D. Variability of hydraulic response of constructed wetlands. Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering (1993) 406-411
46. Watson J.T., and Choate K.D. Hydraulic conductivity of onsite constructed wetlands. On-Site Wastewater Treatment, Proceedings of the Ninth National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems (2001), Michigan, St. Joseph 631-648
47. Watson J.T., Choate K.D., and Steiner G.R. Performance of constructed wetland treatment systems at Benton, Hardin and Pembroke, Kentucky, during the early vegetation establishment. In: Cooper P.F., and Findlater B.C. (Eds). Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control (1990), Cambridge, UK: Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK 171-182
48. Werner T.M., and Kadlec R.H. Wetland residence time distribution modeling. Ecological Engineering 15 1-2 (2000) 77-90