Exploited reefs protected from fishing transform over decades into conservation features otherwise absent from seascapes

Ecological Applications

Volumn 19, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 1967-1974

  Edgar, Graham J ^a   Barrett, Neville S ^a   Stuart Smith, Rick D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Australia; Effects of fishing; Long term monitoring; Marine protected area; Reef fishes; Sea urchins; Temperate and subtropical reefs; Threatened species; Trophic cascades

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; CONSERVATION PLANNING; ECHINODERM; ENDANGERED SPECIES; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FISHING; HABITAT TYPE; MARINE PARK; REEF; SUBTROPICAL REGION;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; DEMOGRAPHY; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FISH; FOOD INDUSTRY; INVERTEBRATE; SEA; TIME;

ANIMALS; AUSTRALIA; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; DEMOGRAPHY; ECOSYSTEM; FISHERIES; FISHES; INVERTEBRATES; OCEANS AND SEAS; TIME FACTORS;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA;

ECHINOIDEA; PISCES;

EID: 71549133709     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/09-0610.1     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Anderson, M. J. 2001. A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26:32-46. (Pubitemid 33719668)
2. Anderson, M. J., R. N. Gorley, and K. R. Clarke. 2008. PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER: guide to software and statistical methods. PRIMER-E, Plymouth, UK.
3. Barrett, N. S., C. D. Buxton, and G. J. Edgar. 2009. Changes in invertebrate and macroalgal populations in Tasmanian marine reserves in the decade following protection. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 370:104-119.
4. Clarke, K. R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:117-143. (Pubitemid 24409223)
5. Clemente, S., J. C. Hernández, and A. Brito. 2009. Evidence of the top-down role of predators in structuring sublittoral rocky-reef communities in a Marine Protected Area and nearby areas of the Canary Islands. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:64-71.
6. Côté, I. M., I. Mosqueira, and J. D. Reynolds. 2001. Effects of marine reserve characteristics on the protection of fish populations: a meta-analysis. Journal of Fish Biology 59(Supplement A):178-189.
7. Edgar, G. J., and N. S. Barrett. 1999. Effects of the declaration of marine reserves on Tasmanian reef fishes, invertebrates and plants. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 242:107-144.
8. Edgar, G. J., N. S. Barrett, and A. J. Morton. 2004a. Biases associated with the use of underwater visual census techniques to quantify the density and size-structure of fish populations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 308:269-290.
9. Edgar, G. J., R. H. Bustamante, J.-M. Fariña, M. Calvopiña, C. Martinez, and M. V. Toral-Granda. 2004b. Bias in evaluating the effects of marine protected areas: the importance of baseline data for the Galapagos Marine Reserve. Environmental Conservation 31:212-218.
10. Edgar, G. J., et al. 2008. Key Biodiversity Areas as globally significant target sites for the conservation of marine biological diversity. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:969-983.
11. Edgar, G. J., J. Moverley, N. S. Barrett, D. Peters, and C. Reed. 1997. The conservation-related benefits of a systematic marine biological sampling program: the Tasmanian reef bioregionalisation as a case study. Biological Conservation 79:227-240.
12. Edgar, G. J., and R. D. Stuart-Smith. 2009. Ecological effects of marine protected areas on rocky reef communities: a continental-scale analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, in press.
13. Faith, D. P., P. R. Minchin, and L. Belbin. 1987. Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance. Vegetatio 69:57-68.
14. Halpern, B. S., and R. R. Warner. 2002. Marine reserves have rapid and lasting effects. Ecology Letters 5:361-366.
15. Harborne, A. R., P. J. Mumby, C. V. Kappel, C. P. Dahlgren, F. Micheli, K. E. Holmes, and D. R. Brumbaugh. 2008. Tropical coastal habitats as surrogates of fish community structure, grazing and fisheries value. Ecological Applications 18:1689-1701.
16. Jackson, J. B. C., et al. 2001. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293:629-638.
17. Klein, C. J., A. Chan, L. Kircher, A. J. Cundiff, N. Gardner, Y. Hrovat, A. Scholz, B. E. Kendall, and S. Airame. 2008. Striking a balance between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic viability in the design of marine protected areas. Conservation Biology 22:691-700.
18. Langhammer, P. F., et al. 2007. Identification and gap analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: targets for comprehensive protected area systems. IUCN Best Practice Protected Areas Guidelines Series No. 15. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
19. Langlois, T. J., and W. Ballantine. 2005. Marine ecological research in New Zealand: developing predictive models through the study of no-take marine reserves. Conservation Biology 19:1763-1770.
20. Legendre, P. 1993. Spatial autocorrelation: trouble or new paradigm? Ecology 74:1659-1673.
21. Leslie, H. M. 2005. A synthesis of marine conservation planning approaches. Conservation Biology 19:1701-1713.
22. Ling, S. D. 2008. Range expansion of a habitat-modifying species leads to loss of taxonomic diversity: a new and impoverished reef state. Oecologia 156:883-894.
23. Lynch, T. P. 2006. Incorporation of recreational fishing effort into design of marine protected areas. Conservation Biology 20:1466-1476. (Pubitemid 44436023)
24. Margules, C. R., and R. L. Pressey. 2000. Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405:243-253.
25. Pederson, H. G., and C. R. Johnson. 2006. Predation of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma by rock lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) in no-take marine reserves. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 336:120-134.
26. Pressey, R. L. 1994. Ad hoc reservations: forward or backward steps in developing representative reserve systems? Conservation Biology 8:662-668.
27. Richardson, E. A., M. J. Kaiser, G. Edwards-Jones, and H. P. Possingham. 2006. Sensitivity of marine-reserve design to the spatial resolution of socioeconomic data. Conservation Biology 20:1191-1202.
28. Russ, G. R., and A. C. Alcala. 2004. Marine reserves: long-term protection is required for full recovery of predatory fish populations. Oecologia 138:622-627.
29. Shands, W. E., and R. G. Healey. 1977. The lands nobody wanted. Conservation Foundation, Washington, D.C., USA.
30. Shears, N. T., and R. C. Babcock. 2003. Continuing trophic cascade effects after 25 years of no-take marine reserve protection. Marine Ecology Progress Series 246:1-16.
31. Smith, R. J., P. D. Eastwood, Y. Ota, and S. I. Rogers. 2009. Developing best practice for using Marxan to locate marine protected areas in European waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:188-194.
32. Tegner, M. J., and P. K. Dayton. 1999. Ecosystem effects of fishing. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:261-262.
33. United Nations Environment Programme. 2005. COP decision VII/5: marine and coastal biological diversity. (http://www. cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=7742)
34. Walters, C. J., and C. S. Holling. 1990. Large-scale management experiments and learning by doing. Ecology 71:2060-2068.
35. Williams, A., N. J. Bax, R. J. Kloser, F. Althaus, B. Barker, and G. Keith. 2009. Australia's deep-water reserve network: implications of false homogeneity for classifying abiotic surrogates of biodiversity. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:214-224.
36. Willis, T. J., R. B. Millar, R. C. Babcock, and N. Tolimieri. 2003. Burdens of evidence and the benefits of marine reserves: putting Descartes before des horse? Environmental Conservation 30:97-103.