Spatial mismatch of the poor: An explanation of recent declines in job isolation

Journal of Urban Affairs

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 559-587

  Covington, Kenya L ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFFORDABLE HOUSING; EMPLOYMENT; METROPOLITAN AREA; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; SPATIAL MISMATCH; URBAN MORPHOLOGY; URBAN SOCIETY;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 71449099400     PISSN: 07352166     EISSN: 14679906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9906.2009.00455.x     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Allison P D. Measures of inequality. American Sociological Review 1978, 43(6):865-880.
2. Bear W C, Williamson C B. The filtering of households and housing units. Journal of Planning Literature 1988, 3(2):127-152.
3. Bernstein J, Hartmann H, Kaye K, Smith Nightingale D. Defining and characterizing the low-wage labor market. In the low-wage labor market: Challenges and opportunities for economic self sufficiency 2000, 15-40. In, Eds, pp, Washington, DC, Urban Institute
4. Bullard R, Johnson G, Torres A. Sprawl city: Race, politics and planning in Atlanta 2000, Washington, DC, Island Press
5. Burchfield M, Overman H G, Puga D, Turner M A. The determinants of urban sprawl: A portrait from space 2004, Working Paper, University of Toronto, Department of Economics
6. Cherry R, Rodgers W. Prosperity for all? The economic boom and African Americans 2000, New York, Russell Sage Foundation
7. Cieslewicz D J, Squires G D. The Environmental Impacts of Sprawl. Urban sprawl: Causes, consequences, and policy responses 2002, 23-38. In, Ed, pp, Washington, DC, Urban Institute
8. Covington K, Harrell R. From renting to homeownership: Using tax incentives to encourage homeownership among renters. Harvard Journal on Legislation 2007, 44(1):97-117.
9. Freeman L. Siting affordable housing: Location and neighborhood trends of low income housing tax credit developments in the 1990s 2004, Washington, DC, Brookings Institute
10. Freeman L, Botein H. Subsidized housing and neighborhood impacts: A theoretical discussion and review of the evidence. Journal of Planning Literature 2002, 16(3):359-378.
11. Freeman L, Braconi F. Gentrification and displacement: New York City in the 1990s. Journal of the American Planning Association 2004, 70(1):39-52.
12. Glaeser E, Kahn M E, Henderson V, Thisse J. Sprawl and urban growth. Handbook of urban and regional economics 2001a, Vol. 4:2481-2528. In, Eds, pp, New York, Oxford University Press
13. Glaeser E, Kahn M E. Decentralized employment and the transformation of the American city. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs 2001b, 2:1-64.
14. Glaeser E, Vigdor J. Racial segregation in the 2000 census: Promising news 2001, Washington, DC, The Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy
15. Haughey R M. Urban infill housing: Myth and fact 2001, Washington, DC, Urban Land Institute
16. Heinlich R, Andersen W. Development at the urban fringe and beyond: Impacts on agriculture and rural land 2001, ERS Agriculture Economics Report no. 803, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Agriculture
17. Hines J, Hoynes H, Krueger A, Krueger A, Solow R. Another look at whether a rising tide lifts all boats. The roaring nineties: Can full employment be sustained 2001, In, Eds, New York, Russell Sage Foundation
18. Holzer J H, Raphael S, Stoll M A. Employers in the boom: How did the hiring of unskilled workers change during the 1990s 2003, New York, Russell Sage Foundation
19. Ihlanfeldt K R, Sjoquist D L. The spatial mismatch hypothesis: A review of recent studies and their implications for welfare reform. Housing Policy Debate 1998, 9:849-892.
20. Jackson K. Crabgrass frontier: The suburbanization of the United States 1985, New York, Oxford University Press
21. Jargowsky P A, Squires G D. Sprawl, concentration of poverty, and urban inequality. Urban sprawl: Causes, consequences, and policy responses 2002, 39-72. In, Ed, pp, Washington, DC, Urban Institute
22. Jargowsky P A. Stunning progress, hidden problems: The dramatic decline of concentrated poverty in the 1990s 2003, The Living Cities Census Series, The Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy
23. Jensen L, Slack T. Underemployment in America: Measurement and evidence. American Journal of Community Psychology 2003, 32(1/2):21-31.
24. Kahn M E. Does sprawl reduce the black/white housing consumption gap?. Housing Policy Debate 2001, 12(1):77-86.
25. Kain J F. Housing segregation, Negro employment and metropolitan decentralization. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 1968, 82:175-197.
26. Kain J F. The spatial mismatch hypothesis: Three decades later. Housing Policy Debate 1992, 3(2):371-462.
27. Kennedy M, Leonard P. Dealing with neighborhood change: A primer on gentrification and policy choices. 2001, Washington, DC, The Brookings Institution
28. Krueger A, Solow R. The roaring nineties: Can full employment be sustained 2001, New York, Russell Sage Foundation
29. Krupka D J. Are big cities more segregated? Neighbourhood scale and the measure of segregation. Urban Studies 2007, 44(1):187-197.
30. Lee S, Leigh N G. Intrametropolitan spatial differentiation and decline of inner-ring suburbs: A comparison of four U.S. metropolitan areas. Journal of Planning Education and Research 2007, 27(2):146-164.
31. Lipman B. A job doesn't guarantee a home. Journal of Housing and Community Development 2001, 58(5):35-48.
32. Lopez R, Hynes H P. Sprawl in the 1990s: Measurement, distribution, and trends. Urban Affairs Review 2003, 38(3):325-355.
33. Lowry I S. Filtering and housing standards: A conceptual analysis. Land Economics 1960, 36(4):362-370.
34. Martin R W. The adjustments of black households to metropolitan shifts: How persistent is spatial mismatch?. Journal of Urban Economics 2001, 50(1):52-76.
35. Martin R W. Spatial mismatch and the structure of American metropolitan areas, 1970-2000. Journal of Regional Science 2004, 44(3):467-488.
36. Massey D S, Denton N A. American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass 1993, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
37. Mishel L, Bernstein J, Boushey H. The state of working America, 2002-03 2002, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press
38. Popkin S J, Buron L F, Levy D K, Cunningham M K. The Gautreaux legacy: What might mixed-income and dispersal strategies mean for the poorest public housing tenants?. Housing Policy Debate 2000, 11(4):911-942.
39. Powell J, Squires G D. Sprawl, fragmentation, and the persistence of racial inequality: Limiting civil rights by fragmenting space. Urban sprawl: Causes, consequences, and policy responses 2002, 73-118. In, Ed, pp, Washington, DC, Urban Institute
40. Pugh M. Barriers to work: The spatial divide between jobs and welfare recipients in metropolitan areas 1998, Washington, DC, Center for Urban and Metropolitan Policy, The Brookings Institution
41. Raphael S. The spatial mismatch hypothesis of Black youth unemployment: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay area. Journal of Urban Economics 1998, 43:79-111.
42. Raphael S, Stoll M A. Modest progress: The narrowing spatial mismatch between blacks and jobs in the 1990s 2002, Washington, DC, The Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy
43. Reingold D A. The decentralization of the manufacturing employment and the role of race: The case of the Lakeside Press. Journal of Urban Affairs 2001, 23(2):191-209.
44. Rosenbaum E, Harris L. Residential mobility and opportunities: Early impacts of the Moving to Opportunity Demonstration program in Chicago. Housing Policy Debate 2001, 12(2):321-346.
45. Rusk D. Inside game outside game: Winning strategies for saving urban America 1999, Washington, DC, Brookings Institution Press
46. Sard B, Waller M. Housing strategies to strengthen welfare policy and support working families 2002, Washington, DC, The Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy, and the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
47. Schwartz A F. Housing policy in the United States 2006, New York, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
48. Sirmans G S, Macpherson DA. The state of affordable housing. Journal of Real Estate Literature 2003, 11(2):133-155.
49. Sohmer R R, Lang R E. Downtown rebound. 2001, Fannie Mae Foundation and The Brookings Institution
50. Squires G D, Squires G D. Urban sprawl and the uneven development of metropolitan America. Urban sprawl: Causes, consequences, and policy responses 2002, 1-22. In, Ed, pp, Washington, DC, Urban Institute
51. Stoll M A. Job sprawl, spatial mismatch, and black employment disadvantage. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 2006, 25(4):827-854.
52. Ranking tables for metropolitan areas: 1990 and 2000. Table 2: Metropolitan areas in alphabetic sort, 1990 and 2000 population, and numeric and percent population change: 1990 to 2000 2000, http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t3/tables/tab02. pdf, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC, Author. Available at, accessed on April 10, 2009
53. Weinberg B A. Black residential centralization and the spatial mismatch hypothesis. Journal of Urban Economics 2000, 48(July):110-134.
54. Wilson W J. The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy 1987, Chicago, University of Chicago Press
55. Wilson W J. When work disappears: The world of the new urban poor 1996, New York, Vintage Press
56. Wolman H, Galster G, Hanson R, Ratcliffe M, Furdell K. Measuring sprawl: Problems and solutions 2002, Paper presented at the Association of Collegiate School of Planning, Baltimore, MD, November
57. Zubrinsky Charles C, de Souza Briggs X. Can we live together? Racial preferences and neighborhood outcomes. The geography of opportunity: Race and housing choice in metropolitan America 2005, 45-80. In, Ed, pp, Washington, DC, Brookings Institution Press