Health effects of exposure to cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) during recreational water-related activities

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 562-566

  Pilotto, Louis S ^a   Douglas, Robert M ^a   Burch, Michael D ^b   Cameron, Scott ^c   Beers, Mary ^c   Rouch, Graham J ^d   Robinson, Priscilla ^d   Kirk, Martyn ^d   Cowie, Christine T ^e   Hardiman, Sean ^f   Moore, Clare ^g   Attewell, Robyn G ^h  

^a The Australian National University   (Australia)

^b AUSTRALIAN WATER QUALITY CENTRE   (Australia)

^c South Australian Health Commission   (Australia)

^d Dept Hlth and Comm Serv Victoria ^*  (Australia)

^e New South Wales Government   (Australia)

^f NSW Environment Protection Authority   (Australia)

^g NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation   (Australia)

^h Intstat Australia   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TOXIN;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BACTERIAL COUNT; CELL DENSITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYANOBACTERIUM; DIARRHEA; EYE IRRITATION; FEMALE; FEVER; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MALE; MOUTH ULCER; NORMAL HUMAN; OTITIS; RASH; RECREATION; SCHOOL CHILD; TELEPHONE; TOXIN ANALYSIS; VOMITING; WATER CONTAMINATION;

EID: 7144251202     PISSN: 13260200     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-842X.1997.tb01755.x     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Bell SG, Codd GA. Cyanobacterial toxins and human health. Rev Med Microbiol 1994: 5: 256-64.
2. Carmichael WW, Falconer IR. Diseases related to freshwater blue-green algal toxins, and control measures. In: Falconer IR, editor. Algal toxins in seafood and drinking water. London: Academic Press, 1993: 187-209.
3. Falconer IR. Health problems from exposure to cyanobacteria and proposed safety guidelines for drinking and recreational water. In: Codd GA, Jeffries TM, Keevil CW, Potter E, editors. Detection methods for Cyanobacterial toxins. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994: 3-10.
4. Robarts RT, Zohary T, Temperature effects on photosynthetic capacity, respiration, and growth rates of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. N Z J Manne Freshwater Res 1987; 21: 391-9.
5. Johnstone P. Algal bloom research in Australia. Water Resources Management Committee occasional paper no. 6. Canberra: Agricultural and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand, 1994.
6. Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council. The algal management strategy for the Murray-Darling Basin. Canberra: Murray-Darling Basin Commission, 1994.
7. Carmichael WW. Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites - the cyanotoxins. J Appl Bacteriol 1992; 72: 445-59.
8. Cullen P. Scope of the eutrophication problem. In: Impact of eutrophication. Chemical Summit 1991. Sydney: New South Wales Water Board, 1991.
9. Francis G. Poisonous Australian lake. Nature 1878; 18: 11-12.
10. Elder GH, Hunter PR, Codd GA. Hazardous freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Lancet 1993; 341: 1519-20.
11. Turner PC, Gammie AJ, Hollinrake K, Codd GA. Pneumonia associated with cyanobacteria. BAJ 1990; 300: 1440-1.
12. Falconer IR, Beresford AM, Runnegar MTC. Evidence of liver damage by toxin from a bloom of the blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa. Med J Aust 1983; 1: 511-14.
13. Soong FS, Maynard E, Kirke K, Luke C. Illness associated with blue-green algae [letter]. Med J Aust 1992; 156: 67.
14. Hawkins PR, Runnegar MTC, Jackson ARB, Falconer IR. Severe hepatotoxicity caused by the tropical cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya and Subba Raju isolated from a domestic water supply reservoir. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 50: 1292-5.
15. El Saadi O, Esterman AJ, Cameron S, Roder DM. Murray River water, raised Cyanobacterial cell counts and gastrointestinal and dermatological symptoms. Med J Aust 1995; 162: 122-5.
16. Burch MD. Cyanobacteria and water quality: new problems and challenges. In: Drinking water quality: technical and management issues for the 1990s. Adelaide: Australian Water and Wastewater Association, 1993: 18-24.
17. Baker P. Identification of common noxious cyanobacteria. Part I: Nostocales. Research report no 29. Melbourne: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, 1991.
18. Baker P. Identification of common noxious cyanobacteria. Part II: Chorococcales oscillatoriales. Research report no. 46. Melbourne: Urban Water Research Association of Australia, 1993.
19. SPSS for Windows [computer program]. Advanced statistics release 6.0. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc., 1993.
20. Genstat 5 release 3 [computer program]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
21. Breslow NE, Clayton DG. Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed models. J Am Stat Assoc 1993; 88: 9-25.
22. Ressom R, Soong FS, Fitzgerald J, Turczynowicz L, et al. Health effects of toxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council, 1994.