Enhanced response of growth hormone to growth hormone-releasing hormone and a decreased content of hypothalamic somatostatin in a stress-induced rat model of depression

Journal of Neuroendocrinology

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 259-265

  Hamanaka, Kenji ^a   Soya, Hideaki ^a   Yoshizato, Hideo ^a   Nakase, Shinji ^a   Ono, Junko ^a   Inui, Koji ^a   Zhang, Kai ^a   Okuyama, Ryuji ^b   Ishikawa, Yoko ^a   Kitayama, Isao ^a   Nomura, Junichi ^a  

^a MIE UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b TOKYO WOMEN'S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Animal model; Depression; Growth hormone; Somatostatin; Stress

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR; SOMATOSTATIN;

ADENOHYPOPHYSIS; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; GROWTH HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE; HYPOTHALAMUS; MALE; MEDIAN EMINENCE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STRESS;

ANIMALS; BASAL METABOLISM; DEPRESSION; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HYPOTHALAMUS; MALE; PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; RUNNING; SECRETORY RATE; SOMATOSTATIN; STRESS; WALKING;

EID: 7144228597     PISSN: 09538194     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00196.x     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Schildkraut JJ. The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: a review of supporting evidence. Am J Psychiatry 1965; 122: 509-522.
2. Holsboer F. Implications of altered limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (LHPA) - function for neurobiology of depression Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988; 341 (Suppl.): 72-111.
3. Willner P. The validity of animal models of depression. Psychopharmacology 1984; 83: 1-16.
4. Willner P. Animal models as simulations of depression. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1991; 2: 131-136.
5. Hatotani N, Nomura J, Yamaguchi T, Kitayama I. Clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenesis of depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1977; 2: 115-130.
6. Hatotani N, Nomura J, Inoue K, Kitayama I. Psychoendocrine model of depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1979; 4: 155-172.
7. Kitayama I, Hatotani N, Nomura J. Experimental studies on the pathophysiology of depression in a stress-animal model. In: Hatotani N, Nomura J, eds. Neurobiology of Periodic Psychoses, Tokyo: Igaku-shoin, 1983: 169-183.
8. Kitayama I, Koishizawa M, Nomura J, Hatotani N, Nagatsu I. Changes in behavior and central catecholamines in rats after long-term severe stress. In: Usdin E, Kvetnansky R, Axelrod J, eds. Stress: The Role of Catecholamines and Other Neurotransmitters, Vol. 1, New York: Gordon and Breach, 1984: 125-135.
9. Kitayama I, Kawaguchi S, Murase S, Otani M, Takayama M, Nakamura T, Komori T, Nomura J, Hatotani N, Fuxe K. Noradrenergic and neuroendocrine function in a chronic walking stress-induced model of depression in rats. In: Kvetnansky R, McCarty R, Axelrod J, eds. Stress: Neuroendocrine and Molecular Approaches, New York: Gordon and Breach, 1992: 73-80.
10. Kitayama I, Nakamura S, Yaga T, Murase S, Nomura J, Kayahara T, Nakano K. Degeneration of locus coeruleus axons in stress-induced depression model. Brain Res Bull 1994; 35: 573-580.
11. Kitayama I, Yaga T, Kayahara T, Nakano K, Murase S, Otani M, Nomura J, Kayahara T, Nakano K. Long-term stress degenerates, but imipramine regenerates, noradrenergic axons in the rat cerebral cortex: the degeneration hypothesis of depression. Biol Psychiatry 1997; in press.
12. Komori T, Nomura J, Inoue K, Kitayama I. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in discrete brain regions of depression-model rats. Jpn J Psychiatr Neurol 1990; 44: 747-754.
13. Nakamura S, Kitayama I, Murase S. Electrophysiological evidence for axonal degeneration of locus coeruleus neurons following long-term forced running stress. Brain Res Bull 1991; 26: 759-763.
14. Sakashita S, Otani M, Kitayama I, Inoue K, Hatotani N, Nomura J, Nakano K. Fine structure of the locus coeruleus in rats subjected to forced running stress J Clin Electron Microsc 1988; 21: 505-518.
15. Kitayama I, Wang P, Zhang K, Uesugi Y, Nomura J. Depression-model rats produced by forced walking stress. In: Nomura J, ed. Neurobiology of Depression and Related Disorders, Tsu: Mie University Press, in press.
16. McKinney WT. Biobehavioral model of depression in monkeys. In: Hanin I, Usdin E, eds. Animal Models in Psychiatry and Neurology, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977: 117-126.
17. Lesch KP, Laux G, Erb A, Pfüller H, Beckmann H. Attenuated growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1987; 22: 1495-1499.
18. Lesch KP, Laux G, Pfüller H, Beckmann H. Neuroendocrine regulation of growth hormone secretion in major depressive disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry 1988; 21: 440-442.
19. Krishnan K, Manepalli A, Ritchie J, Rayasam K, Melville M, Daughtry G, Thorner M, Rivier J, Vale W, Nemeroff C, Carroll J. Growth hormone-releasing factor stimulation test in depression. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145: 90-92.
20. Müller EE. Neural control of somatotropic function. Physiol Rev 1987; 67: 962-1053.
21. Gerner RH, Yamada T. Altered neuropeptide concentration in cerebrospinal fluid of psychiatric patients. Brain Res 1982; 238: 298-302.
22. Rubinow DR, Gold PW, Post RM, Ballenger JC, Cowdry R, Bollinger J, Reichlin S. CSF somatostatin in affective illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983; 40: 409-412.
23. Ågren H, Lundqvist G. Low levels of somatostatin in human CSF mark depressive episodes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1984; 9: 233-248.
24. Bissette G, Wilderlöv E, Walléus H, Karlsson I, Eklund K, Forsman A, Nemeroff CB. Alteration in cerebrospinal fluid concentration of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in neuropsychiatric disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986; 43: 1148-1151.
25. Benyassi A, Roussel JP, Rougeot C, Gavaldà A, Astier H, Arancibia S. Chronic stress affects in vivo hypothalamic somatostatin release but not in vitro GH responsiveness to somatostatin in rats. Neurosci Lett 1993; 159: 166-170.
26. Locatelli V, Torsello A, Redaelli M, Ghigo E, Massara F, Müller EE. Cholinergic agonist and antagonist drugs modulate the growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in the rat: evidence for mediation by somatostatin. J Endocrinol 1986; 111: 271-278.
27. Ishikawa K, Katakami H, Frohman LA. Neuroanatomic localization of the inhibitory effect of TRH on growth hormone secretion. Am J Physiol 1987; 253: E354-E359.
28. Hamanaka K, Zhang K, Soya H, Yoshizato H, Sato A, Jie Z, Motomura E, Uesugi Y, Ono J, Nakase S, Kitayama I, Nomura J. Hypothalamic somatostatin mRNA decreases in rats with walking stress. International Society of Psychoneuruendocrinology 27th Congress, General Program and Scientific Abstracts. Cascais, Portugal. August 18-22, 1996: 70.
29. Koibuchi K, Kato M, Kakegawa T, Suzuki M. Electrical stimulation of specific brainstem nuclei suppresses growth hormone-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone secretion in the pentobarbital-anaesthetized rat. J Neuroendocrinol 1989; 1: 209-214.
30. Cowen PJ, Anderson IM, Gartside SE. Endocrinological response to 5-HT. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990; 600: 250-259.
31. Meltzer HY. Role of serotonin in depression. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990; 600: 486-500.
32. Benyassi A, Gavaldà A, Armario A, Arancibia S. Role of somatostatin in the acute immobilization stress-induced GH decrease in rat. Life Sci 1993; 52: 361-370.
33. Taché Y, Du Ruisseau P, Ducharme JR, Collu R. Pattern of adrenohypophyseal hormone changes in male rats following chronic stress. Neuroendocrinology 1978; 26: 208-219.
34. Armario A, Jolin T. Influence of intensity and duration of exposure to various stressors on serum TSH and GH levels in adult male rats. Life Sci 1989; 44: 215-221.
35. Hamanaka K, Soya H, Nakase S, Miyake J, Nakao K, Hida A, Yoshizato H, Kitayama I, Nomura J. Effect of long-term walking stress on somatostatin contents in the stalk-median eminence and growth hormone concentration in plasma in rat. Jpn J Psychiatr Neurol 1992; 46: 812.
36. Soya H, Nakao K, Hamanaka K, Yoshizato H. Adaptive changes due to exercise training in hypothalamo-growth hormone-IGF-1 (H-G-I) axis in growing male rats. Neuroendocrinol 1994; 60 (Suppl. 1): 97.
37. Mendlewicz J, Linkowski P, Kerkhofs M, Desmedt D, Golstein J, Copinschi G, Van Cauter E. Diurnal hypersecretion of growth hormone in depression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 60: 505-512.
38. Fiasche R, Fideleff HL, Moisezowicz J, Frieder P, Pagano SM, Holland M. Growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction in major depressive illness. Psychoneuroendocrinol 1995; 20: 727-733.
39. Soya H, Suzuki M. Somatostatin rapidly restores rat growth hormone (GH) release response attenuated by prior exposure to human GH-releasing factor in vitro. Endocrinology 1988; 122: 2492-2498.
40. Soya H, Suzuki M. A possible role of hypothalamic somatostatin in the maintenance of rat pituitary responsiveness to growth hormone-releasing factor Endocrinology 1990; 126: 285-291.