Posttransplant metabolic syndrome: An epidemic waiting to happen

Liver Transplantation

Volumn 15, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1662-1670

  Pagadala, Mangesh ^a   Dasarathy, Srinivasan ^a   Eghtesad, Bijan ^a   McCullough, Arthur J ^a  

^a LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYCLOSPORIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; PREDNISONE; STEROID; TACROLIMUS; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG USE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FATTY LIVER; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INCIDENCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; OBESITY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SODIUM EXCRETION; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; VASOCONSTRICTION; WEIGHT GAIN;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PREVALENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 71249127127     PISSN: 15276465     EISSN: 15276473     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/lt.21952     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005;365:1415-1428.
2. Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr, Cleeman JI, Smith SC Jr, Lenfant C. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 2004;109:433-438.
3. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002;287:356-359.
4. Roberts MS, Angus DC, Bryce CL, Valenta Z, Weissfeld L. Survival after liver transplantation in the United States: a disease-specific analysis of the UNOS database. Liver Transpl 2004;10:886-897. (Pubitemid 38979259)
5. Reich D, Rothstein K, Manzarbeitia C, Munoz S. Common medical diseases after liver transplantation. Semin Gastrointest Dis 1998;9:110-125. (Pubitemid 28403094)
6. Stegall MD, Everson G, Schroter G, Bilir B, Karrer F, Kam I. Metabolic complications after liver transplantation. Diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity. Transplantation 1995;60:1057-1060.
7. Laryea M, Watt KD, Molinari M, Walsh MJ, McAlister VC, Marotta PJ, et al. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplant recipients: prevalence and association with major vascular events. Liver Transpl 2007;13:1109-1114. (Pubitemid 47305029)
8. Hanouneh IA, Feldstein AE, McCullough AJ, Miller C, Aucejo F, Yerian L, et al. The significance of metabolic syndrome in the setting of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2008;14:1287-1293.
9. Francioso S, Angelico F, Baiocchi L, Tisone G, Lenci I, Carbone M, et al. High prevalence of metabolic syndrome and long-term survival after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2008;48:S82.
10. Bianchi G, Marchesini G, Marzocchi R, Pinna AD, Zoli M. Metabolic syndrome in liver transplantation: relation to etiology and immunosuppression. Liver Transpl 2008;14: 1648-1654.
11. Munoz SJ, Elgenaidi H. Cardiovascular risk factors after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2005;11:S52-S56. (Pubitemid 43072616)
12. Reuben A. Long-term management of the liver transplant patient: diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Liver Transpl 2001;7:S13-S21. (Pubitemid 33100349)
13. Jindal RM, Sidner RA, Hughes D, Pescovitz MD, Leapman SB, Milgrom ML, et al. Metabolic problems in recipients of liver transplants. Clin Transplant 1996;10:213-217. (Pubitemid 26091836)
14. Navasa M, Bustamante J, Marroni C, Gonzalez E, Andreu H, Esmatjes E, et al. Diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation: prevalence and predictive factors. J Hepatol 1996;25:64-71.
15. Sutedja DS, Wai CT, Teoh KF, Lee YM, Diddapur RK, Isaac J, et al. Long-term post-liver transplant complications of renal impairment and diabetes mellitus: data from Singapore. Singapore Med J 2006;47:604-608.
16. Sheiner PA, Magliocca JF, Bodian CA, Kim-Schluger L, Altaca G, Guarrera JV, et al. Long-term medical complications in patients surviving > or = 5 years after liver transplant. Transplantation 2000;69:781-789. (Pubitemid 30174097)
17. Guckelberger O, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus R, Luesebrink R, Lemmens HP, Kratschmer B, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in long-term follow-up after orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 1997;11:60-65. (Pubitemid 27107712)
18. Bigam DL, Pennington JJ, Carpentier A, Wanless IR, Hemming AW, Croxford R, et al. Hepatitis C-related cirrhosis: a predictor of diabetes after liver transplantation. Hepatology 2000;32:87-90. (Pubitemid 30432370)
19. Baid S, Cosimi AB, Farrell ML, Schoenfeld DA, Feng S, Chung RT, et al. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in liver transplant recipients: risk factors, temporal relationship with hepatitis C virus allograft hepatitis, and impact on mortality. Transplantation 2001;72:1066-1072. (Pubitemid 32924079)
20. Tueche SG. Diabetes mellitus after liver transplant: new etiologic clues and cornerstones for understanding. Transplant Proc 2003;35:1466-1468.
21. John PR, Thuluvath PJ. Outcome of patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus after liver transplantation compared with those without diabetes mellitus. Liver Transpl 2002;8:708-713.
22. Johnston SD, Morris JK, Cramb R, Gunson BK, Neuberger J. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 2002;73:901-906. (Pubitemid 34252352)
23. Munoz SJ, Deems RO, Moritz MJ, Martin P, Jarrell BE, Maddrey WC. Hyperlipidemia and obesity after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1991;23:1480-1483.
24. Everhart JE, Lombardero M, Lake JR, Wiesner RH, Zetterman RK, Hoofnagle JH. Weight change and obesity after liver transplantation: incidence and risk factors. Liver Transpl Surg 1998;4:285-296. (Pubitemid 28323748)
25. Gisbert C, Prieto M, Berenguer M, Breto M, Carrasco D, de Juan M, et al. Hyperlipidemia in liver transplant recipients: prevalenceandriskfactors. LiverTransplSurg1997;3: 416-422.
26. Dehghani SM, Taghavi SA, Eshraghian A, Gholami S, Imanieh MH, Bordbar MR, et al. Hyperlipidemia in Iranian liver transplant recipients: prevalence and risk factors. J Gastroenterol 2007;42:769-774. (Pubitemid 47456765)
27. Molloy RM, Komorowski R, Varma RR. Recurrent nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1997;3:177-178. (Pubitemid 27114031)
28. Carson K, Washington MK, Treem WR, Clavien PA, Hunt CM. Recurrence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a liver transplant recipient. Liver Transpl Surg 1997;3:174-176. (Pubitemid 27114030)
29. Kim WR, Poterucha JJ, Porayko MK, Dickson ER, Steers JL, Wiesner RH. Recurrence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis following liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996; 62:1802-1805. (Pubitemid 27014542)
30. Charlton M, Kasparova P, Weston S, Lindor K, Maor-Kendler Y, Wiesner RH, et al. Frequency of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as a cause of advanced liver disease. Liver Transpl 2001;7:608-614.
31. Contos MJ, Cales W, Sterling RK, Luketic VA, Shiffman ML, Mills AS, et al. Development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after orthotopic liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 2001;7:363-373. (Pubitemid 32331542)
32. Poordad F, Gish R, Wakil A, Garcia-Kennedy R, Martin P, Yao FY. De novo non-alcoholic fatty liver disease following orthotopic liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2003;3: 1413-1417. (Pubitemid 37288087)
33. Lim LG, Cheng CL, Wee A, Lim SG, Lee YM, Sutedja DS, et al. Prevalence and clinical associations of posttransplant fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2007;27:76-80. (Pubitemid 46139430)
34. Seo S, Maganti K, Khehra M, Ramsamooj R, Tsodikov A, Bowlus C, et al. De novo nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2007;13:844-847. (Pubitemid 46947849)
35. Petrides AS, Vogt C, Schulze-Berge D, Matthews D, Strohmeyer G. Pathogenesis of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1994;19:616-627. (Pubitemid 24066891)
36. Perseghin G, Mazzaferro V, Benedini S, Pulvirenti A, Coppa J, Regalia E, et al. Resting energy expenditure in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with liver cirrhosis: relation with insulin sensitivity and effect of liver transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:541-548. (Pubitemid 34920830)
37. Tietge UJ, Selberg O, Kreter A, Bahr MJ, Pirlich M, Burchert W, et al. Alterations in glucose metabolism associated with liver cirrhosis persist in the clinically stable long-term course after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2004;10:1030-1040. (Pubitemid 39232758)
38. Merli M, Leonetti F, Riggio O, Valeriano V, Ribaudo MC, Strati F, et al. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in cirrhosis are normalized after liver transplantation. Hepatology 1999;30:649-654. (Pubitemid 29409408)
39. Alessiani M, Cillo U, Fung JJ, Irish W, Abu-Elmagd K, Jain A, et al. Adverse effects of FK 506 overdosage after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1993;25:628-634. (Pubitemid 23082500)
40. Trail KC, McCashland TM, Larsen JL, Heffron TG, Stratta RJ, Langnas AN, et al. Morbidity in patients with posttransplant diabetes mellitus following orthotopic liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1996;2:276-283. (Pubitemid 26243438)
41. Davidson JA, Wilkinson A, for the International Expert Panel on New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation. New-onset diabetes after transplantation 2003 international consensus guidelines: an endocrinologist's view. Diabetes Care 2004;27:805-812.
42. Canzanello VJ, Schwartz L, Taler SJ, Textor SC, Wiesner RH, Porayko MK, et al. Evolution of cardiovascular risk after liver transplantation: a comparison of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506). Liver Transpl Surg 1997;3:1-9. (Pubitemid 27043785)
43. Neal DA, Gimson AE, Gibbs P, Alexander GJ. Beneficial effects of converting liver transplant recipients from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on blood pressure, serum lipids, and weight. Liver Transpl 2001;7:533-539. (Pubitemid 32547270)
44. Manzarbeitia C, Reich DJ, Rothstein KD, Braitman LE, Levin S, Munoz SJ. Tacrolimus conversion improves hyperlipidemic states in stable liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2001;7:93-99. (Pubitemid 32166513)
45. Luke RG. Mechanism of cyclosporine-induced hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1991;4:468-471.
46. Mor E, Facklam D, Hasse J, Sheiner P, Emre S, Schwartz M, et al. Weight gain and lipid profile changes in liver transplant recipients: long-term results of the American FK506 Multicenter Study. Transplant Proc 1995;27:1126.
47. Abouljoud MS, Levy MF, Klintmalm GB, for the US Multicenter Study Group. Hyperlipidemia after liver transplantation: long-term results of the FK506/cyclosporine A US Multicenter trial. Transplant Proc 1995;27:1121-1123.
48. Meltzer AA, Everhart JE. Self-reported substantial 1-year weight change among men and women in the United States. Obes Res 1995;3(suppl 2):123s-134s.
49. Sanyal AJ, Campbell-Sargent C, Mirshahi F, Rizzo WB, Contos MJ, Sterling RK, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities. Gastroenterology 2001;120:1183-1192. (Pubitemid 32246672)
50. Guckelberger O, Mutzke F, Glanemann M, Neumann UP, Jonas S, Neuhaus R, et al. Validation of cardiovascular risk scores in a liver transplant population. Liver Transpl 2006;12:394-401.
51. Wahlstrom HE, Cooper J, Gores G, Rosen C, Wiesner R, Krom RA. Survival after liver transplantation in diabetics. Transplant Proc 1991;23:1565-1566.
52. Levy MF, Husberg BS, Goldstein RM, Backman L, McMillan RW, Gibbs JF, et al. Diabetes mellitus and liver transplantation. Hepatology 1992;16:50A.
53. Marchesini G, Marzocchi R. Metabolic syndrome and NASH. Clin Liver Dis 2007;11:105-117, ix.
54. Adams LA, Angulo P, Lindor KD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. CMAJ 2005;172:899-905.
55. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. The Diabetes Prevention Program: baseline characteristics of the randomized cohort. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1619-1629.
56. Lindstrom J, Ilanne-Parikka P, Peltonen M, Aunola S, Eriksson JG, Hemio K, et al. Sustained reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention: follow- up of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Lancet 2006;368:1673-1679. (Pubitemid 46048554)