Between two stools? Responding to young women who offend

Youth Justice

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 270-285

  Burman, Michele ^a   Batchelor, Susan A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Girls; Scotland; Violence; Young women; Youth justice

Indexed keywords

EID: 71049162143     PISSN: 14732254     EISSN: 17476283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1473225409345104     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Acoca, L. and Dedel, K. (1998) No Place to Hide. San Francisco: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.
2. Alder, C. (1998) Passionate and Wilful Girls: Confronting Practices, Women and Criminal Justice 9(4): 81-101.
3. Asquith, S. and Docherty, M. (1999) Preventing Offending by Children and Young People in Scotland, in P. Duff and N. Hutton (eds) Criminal Justice in Scotland, pp. 243-61. Aldershot: Ashgate.
4. Asquith, S. and Samuel, E. (1994) Criminal Justice and Related Services for Young Adult Offenders: A Review. Edinburgh: HMSO.
5. Audit Scotland (2001) Youth Justice in Scotland: A Baseline Report. Edinburgh: Audit Scotland.
6. Baskin, D. and Sommers, I. (1998) Casualties of Community Disorder: Women's Careers in Violent Crime. Oxford: Westview.
7. Batchelor, S. (2001) The Myth of Girl Gangs, Criminal Justice Matters, 43: 26-27. [Reprinted in Y. Jewkes and G. Letherby (eds) (2002) Criminology: A Reader. London: SAGE].
8. Batchelor, S. (2005) Prove Me the Bam!' Victimization and Agency in the Lives of Young Women who Commit Violent Offences, Probation Journal 52(4): 358-75.
9. Batchelor, S. (2007a) Getting Mad Wi' it': Risk Seeking by Young Women, in K. Hannah-Moffat and P. O'Malley (eds) Gendered Risks. Abingdon: Routledge-Cavendish.
10. Batchelor, S. (2007b) 'Prove Me the Bam!' Victimization and Agency in the Lives of Young Women who Commit Violent Offences. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Glasgow.
11. Batchelor, S. and Burman, M. (2004) Working with Girls and Young Women, in G. McIvor (ed.) Women who Offend. London: Jessica Kingsley.
12. BBC Online (2008) 'Drink Linked to Female Offenders', BBC Online, 22 April 2008. URL (accessed 9 March 2009): http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/7360924.stm
13. Belknap, J. and Holsinger, K. (2006) 'The Gendered Nature of Risk Factors for Delinquency', Feminist Criminology 1(1): 48-71.
14. Bloom, B., Owen, B., and Covington, S. (2003) Gender-responsive Strategies: Research, Practice, and Guiding Principles for Women Offenders. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections.
15. Bottoms, A.E. and Dignan, J. (2003) Youth Justice in Great Britain, in M. Tonry and A.N. Doob (eds) Youth Crime and Youth Justice: Comparative and Cross-National Perspectives. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Vol. 31. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
16. Burman, M. (2004) Breaking the Mould? Patterns of Female Offending, in G. McIvor (ed.) Women who Offend. London: Jessica Kingsley.
17. Burman, M. (2009) The Nature and Extent of Youth Offending in Scotland, in J. Johnstone and M. Burman (eds) Youth Justice in Scotland. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press.
18. Burman, M., Armstrong, S., Batchelor, S., McNeill, F. and Nicholson, J. (2007) Research and Practice in Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Children and Young People Engaging in Offending Behaviours. Paisley: Risk Management Authority. URL (accessed 15 February 2009): http://www.rmascotland.gov. uk/ViewFile.aspx?id=327
19. Burman, M., Bradshaw, P., Hutton, N., McNeill, F. & Munro, M. (2006) 'The End of an Era? Youth Justice in Scotland', in J. Junger-Tas and S. H. Decker (eds) International Handbook of Juvenile Justice, pp. 435-68. Netherlands: Springer.
20. Burman, M., Brown, J. and Batchelor, S. (2003) "Taking it to Heart": Girls and the Meanings of Violence, in E. Stanko (ed.) The Meanings of Violence. London: Routledge.
21. Campbell, A. (1986) Self-report Fighting by Females: A Preliminary Study, British Journal of Criminology 26(1): 28-46.
22. Carlen, P. (ed.) (2002) Women and Punishment: The Struggle for Justice. Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
23. Carroll, R. (1998) Gangs put Boot into Old Ideas of Femininity, The Guardian, 22 July1998.
24. Chatterton, P. and Hollands, R. (2003) Urban Nightscapes: Youth Cultures, Pleasure Spaces and Corporate Power. London: Routledge.
25. Chesney-Lind, M. and Irwin, K. (2008) Beyond Bad Girls: Gender, Violence and Hype. New York: Routledge.
26. Chesney-Lind, M. and Pasko, L. (2004) The Female Offender: Girls, Women, and Crime, 2nd Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
27. Chesney-Lind. M. and Shelden, R.G. (1998) Girls, Delinquency and Juvenile Justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
28. Clout, L. (2008) Violent Women: Binge Drinking Culture Fuels Rise in Attacks by Women, The Telegraph, 31 July2008.
29. Croall, H. (2006) 'Criminal Justice in Post-devolutionary Scotland', Critical Social Policy 26(3): 587-607.
30. Dobash, R. and Gutteridge, S. (1986) The Imprisonment of Women. London: Blackwell.
31. Douglas, E. and Plugge, E. (2006) Female Health Needs in Young Offender Institutions. London: Youth Justice Board.
32. DTZ Pieda Consulting (2005) Measurement of the Extent of Youth Crime in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.
33. Furlong, A. and Cartmel, F. (2007) Young People and Social Change: New Perspectives, 2nd Edition. Buckingham: Open University Press.
34. Gelsthorpe, L. and Sharpe, G. (2006) Gender, Youth Crime and Justice, in B. Goldson and J. Muncie (eds) Youth Crime and Justice. London: SAGE.
35. Geoghegan, T. (2008) Why are Girls Fighting like Boys?, BBC News Magazine, 5 May 2008. URL (accessed 9 March 2009): http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7380400.stm
36. Gilfus,M. (1992) 'From Victims to Survivors to Offenders: Women's Routes of Entry into Street Crime', Women and Criminal Justice 4(1): 63-89.
37. Grant, G. (2003) Rise of the Girl Thugs, The Daily Mail, 27 May2003.
38. Griffiths, V. (1995) Adolescent Girls and their Friends: A Feminist Ethnography. Aldershot: Avebury.
39. Heidensohn, F. (1985) Women and Crime. London: Macmillan.
40. Hey, V. (1997) The Company She Keeps: An Ethnography of Girls' Friendships. Buckingham: Open University Press.
41. Hobbs, D., O'Brien, K. and Westmarland, L. (2007) Connecting the Gendered Door: Women, Violence and Doorwork, British Journal of Sociology, 58(1): 21-38.
42. Howard League (1997) Lost Inside: The Imprisonment of Teenage Girls. London: The Howard League.
43. Hunt, G., MacKenzie, K. and Joe-Laidler, K. (2000) "I'm Calling my Mom": The Meaning of Family Kinship among Homegirls, Justice Quarterly 17(1): 2-31.
44. Hutson, N. and Myers, C.A. (2006) "Bad Girls" or "Mad Girls" - The Coping Mechanisms of Young Female Offenders, in F. Heidensohn (ed.) Gender and Justice. Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
45. Imlah, N. (2008) The Penal Response to Mothers of Dependent Children in Scotland. Paper presented at the 8th Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, Edinburgh, September2007.
46. Kennedy, L.W. and Baron, S. (1993) Routine Activities and a Subculture of Violence: A Study of Violence on the Street, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30: 88-112.
47. Lambert, A. (2001) Is This What We Meant by Feminism?, The Independent, 1 March2001.
48. Loucks, N. (1998) HMPI Cornton Vale: Research into Drugs and Alcohol, Violence and Bullying, Suicides and Self-Injury, and Backgrounds of Abuse. Occasional Paper 1/98. Edinburgh: Scottish Prison Service.
49. Loucks, N. (2004) Women in Prison, in G. McIvor (ed.) Women who Offend. London: Jessica Kingsley.
50. Loucks, N., Malloch, M., McIvor, G. and Gelsthorpe, L. (2006) Evaluation of the 218 Centre. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.
51. MacAskill, M. (2004) Ladettes' on Crime Spree, The Times, 2 May2004.
52. McAra, L. (1998) Social Work and Criminal Justice. Volume 2: Early Arrangements. Edinburgh: The Stationery Office.
53. McAra, L. (2004) The Cultural and Institutional Dynamics of Transformation: Youth Justice in Scotland and England and Wales, Cambrian Law Review 35: 23-54.
54. McAra, L. (2006) Welfarism in Crisis? Youth Justice in Scotland, in J. Muncie and B. Goldson (eds) Comparative Youth Justice: Critical Debates. London: SAGE.
55. McAra, L. (2008) Crime, Criminal Justice and Criminology in Scotland, European Journal of Criminology 5(4): 481-504.
56. McIvor, G. (1998) Exploring Diversity: Understanding and Responding to Offending among Young Women and Girls, in M. Barry, O. Burke, J. Connolly and J. Curran (eds) Children, Young People and Crime in Britain and Ireland: From Exclusion to Inclusion. Edinburgh: HMSO.
57. McIvor, G. (ed.) (2004) Women who Offend. London: Jessica Kingsley.
58. McIvor, G. and McNeill, F. (2007) Criminal Justice Social Work in Scotland, in R. Canton and D. Hancock (eds). Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
59. McRobbie, A. (2000) Feminism and Youth Culture, 2nd Edition. London: Macmillan.
60. McRobbie, A. and Garber, J. (1976) Girls and Subcultures: An Exploration, in S. Hall and T. Jefferson (eds) Resistance Through Rituals. London: Hutchinson.
61. Measham, F. and Brain, K. (2005) "Binge" Drinking, British Alcohol Policy and the New Culture of Intoxication, Crime, Media, Culture 1(3): 263-84.
62. Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Rutter, M., and Silva, P.A. (2001) Sex Differences in Antisocial Behaviour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. Naysmith, S. (2008) Crime Crosses the Gender Gap, The Herald, 10 June2008.
64. Nellis, M., Pilkington, K., and Wiltshire, S. (2009) Young People, Youth Justice and Anti-social Behaviour, in J. Johnstone and M. Burman (eds) Youth Justice in Scotland. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press.
65. Office of Standards in Education (2004) Girls in Prison. London: Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons.
66. O'Brien, K., Hobbs, D. and Westmarland, L. (2008) Negotiating Violence and Gender: Security and the Night Time Economy in the UK, in S. Gendrot and P. Spierenburg (eds) Violence in Europe: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. New York: Springer.
67. Prentice, E. (2000) Dark Side of Girl Power, The Times, 22 November 2000.
68. Renold, E. and Barter, S. (2003) Hi, I'm Ramon and I Run this Place: Challenging the Normalisation of Peer Violence in Children's Homes, in E. Stanko (ed.) The Meanings of Violence. London: Routledge.
69. Ross, S. (2008) Crimes of Violence by Women On the Rise, The Scotsman, 23 April2008.
70. Rumgay, J. (2004) Scripts for Safer Survival: Pathways out of Female Crime, Howard Journal 43(4): 403-19.
71. Samuel, E. and Tisdall, K. (1996) Female Offenders in Scotland: Implications for Theory, in S. Asquith (ed.) Children and Young People in Conflict with the Law. London: Jessica Kingsley.
72. Schaffner, L. (2006) Girls in Trouble with the Law. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
73. Scottish Children's Reporter's Association (SCRA) (2008) Annual Report 2007/08. Stirling: Scottish Children's Reporter's Association.
74. Scottish Executive (2000a) Criminal Proceedings in Scottish Courts 1999. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.
75. Scottish Executive (2000b) Prison Statistics Scotland 1999. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive National Statistics.
76. Scottish Executive (2002a) National Standards for Scotland's Youth Justice Services: A Report by the Improving the Effectiveness of the Youth Justice Working Group. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.
77. Scottish Executive (2002b) Prison Statistics Scotland 2001. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive National Statistics.
78. Scottish Government (2008a) Criminal Proceedings in the Scottish Courts, 2006/07. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government.
79. Scottish Government (2008b) Recorded Crime in Scotland, 2007/08. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government.
80. Scottish Government (2009) HM Inspectorate of Prisons: Report on Young Offenders in Adult Establishments. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government.
81. Scottish Prison Service (2008) Prison Statistics Scotland, 2007/08. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government.
82. Seaman, P., Turner, K., Hill, M., Stafford, A. and Walker, M. (2006) Parenting and Children's Resilience in Disadvantaged Communities. London: National Children's Bureau.
83. Smith, D. and McAra, L. (2004) Gender and Youth Offending. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh. URL (accessed 9 March 2009): http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/cls/esytc/findings/digest2.pdf
84. Social Work Services and Prisons Inspectorate for Scotland (1998) Women Offenders: A Safer Way. Edinburgh: HMSO.
85. Steffensmeier, D.J. and Allan, E. (1998) The Nature of Female Offending: Patterns and Explanation, in R. T. Zaplin (ed.) Female Offenders: Critical Perspectives and Effective Interventions. Gaithersburg: Aspen.
86. Steffensmeier, D.J., Schwartz, J., Zhong, H. and Ackerman, J. (2005) An Assessment of Recent Trends in Girls' Violence using Diverse Longitudinal Sources: Is the Gender Gap Closing?, Criminology 43(2): 355-406.
87. Sweeting, H. and West, P. (2003) Young People's Leisure and Risk-taking Behaviours: Changes in Gender Patterning in the West of Scotland during the 1990s, Journal of Youth Studies 6(4): 391-412.
88. Thompson, T. (2001) Girls Lead the Pack in New Gangland Violence, The Observer, 15 April 2001.
89. Wade, J. and Biehal, N. with Clayden, J. and Stein, M. (1998) Going Missing: Young People Absent from Care. Wiley: Chichester.
90. Worrall, A. (1999) Troubled or Troublesome? Justice for Girls and Young Women, in B. Goldson (ed.) Youth Justice: Contemporary Policy and Practice. Aldershot: Ashgate.
91. Worrall, A. (2000) Governing Bad Girls: Changing Constructions of Female Juvenile Delinquency, in J. Bridgeman and D. Monk (eds) Feminist Perspectives on Child Law. London: Cavendish Publishing.