Preliminary study of the effects of Tai Chi and Qigong medical exercise on indicators of metabolic syndrome and glycaemic control in adults with raised blood glucose levels

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 43, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 840-844

  Liu, X ^a   Miller, Y D ^a   Burton, N W ^a   Brown, W J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; KINESIOTHERAPY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; QIGONG; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TAI CHI; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

EID: 71049154622     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.045476     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. World Health Organization. Prevalence of diabetes worldwide page. www.who.int/diabetes/facts/world-figures/en (accessed 4 October 2007).
2. International Diabetes Federation Western Pacific Region and the Asian-Pacific Type 2 Diabetes Policy Group. Type 2 diabetes: practical targets and treatments. 4th ed. Melbourne: the International Diabetes Institute, 2005:43-4.
3. Brotman DJ, Girod JP. The metabolic syndrome: a tug-of-war with no winner. Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69:990-4.
4. DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991;14:173-94.
5. Ferrannini E, Haffner SM, Mitchell BD, et al. Hyperinsulinaemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia 1991;34:416-22.
6. Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Owen N, et al. High-intensity resistance training improves glycemic control in older patients with type II diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1729-1736 (Pubitemid 41071078)
7. Castaneda C, Layne JE, Orians LM, et al. A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training to improve glycemic control in older adults with type II diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:2335-41.
8. Miller YD, Dunstan DW. The effectiveness of physical activity interventions for the treatment of overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Sci Med Sport 2004;7:52-60.
9. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:498-519.
10. Wang C, Collet JP, Lau J. The effect of Tai Chi on health outcomes in patients with chronic conditions: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:493-501. (Pubitemid 38314444)
11. O'Brien-Cousins S. My heart couldn't take it: older women's beliefs about exercise benefits and risks. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000;55:283-94.
12. Liu X, Miller YD, Brown WJ. A qualitative review of the role of Qigong in the management of diabetes. J Altern Complement Med 2007;13:427-433 (Pubitemid 46802347)
13. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). The Active Australia survey: a guide and manual for implementation, analysis and reporting. Canberra: AIHW, 2003:2-4.
14. Liu X. KaiMai Tai Ji. Beijing, China: People's Sports Publisher, 2006:46-137.
15. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985;28:412-419 (Pubitemid 15018832)
16. Brown WJ, Trost SG, Bauman A, et al. Test-retest reliability of four physical activity measures used in population surveys. J Sci Med Sport 2004;7:205-215 (Pubitemid 40458595)
17. Norton K, Olds T. Anthropometrica: a textbook of body measurement for sports and health courses. Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales Press, 2000: 35-7, 58
18. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Person-blood pressure (systolic) (measured), millimetres of mercury NN[N]; Person-blood pressure (diastolic) (measured), millimetres of mercury NN[N]. http://meteor.aihw.gov.au/ content/index.phtml/itemId/270072; http://meteor.aihw.gov.au/content/index. phtml/itemId/270073 (accessed 5 June 2005).
19. Mourier A, Gautier JF, Kerviler ED, et al. Mobilization of visceral adipose tissue related to the improvement in insulin sensitivity in response to physical training in NIDDM: effects of branched-chain amino acid supplements. Diabetes Care 1997;20:385-391 (Pubitemid 27098229)
20. Jing YZ, Wang QL, Wang ZM, et al. Clinical observation of Huichun Qigong on type 2 diabetes (in Chinese). Qigong and Science 1994;1:23-5.
21. Tu DY, Fan ZH, Wang XF, et al. Effects of static Qigong on serum high density lipoprotein level in diabetics (in Chinese). Chin J Rehabil Med 1987;2:203-5.
22. Wang JH, Huang SH, Qiu GG. Effects and mechanism of Tai Chi exercise on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chin J Sports Med 2002;21:357-9.
23. Holloszy JO. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999:3-4.
24. Pi-Sunyer FX. Medical hazards of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:655-60.
25. Vague J. Degree of masculine differentiation of obesities: factor determination predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout, and uric calculous disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1956;4:220-34.
26. Powers SK, Dodd SL. Total fitness and wellness. San Francisco: Pearson Education Inc, 2003:204.
27. Channer KS, Barrow D, Barrow R, et al. Changes in haemodynamic parameters following Tai Chi Chuan and aerobic exercise in patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. Postgrad Med J 1996;72:349-351 (Pubitemid 26176146)
28. Thornton EW, Sykes KS, Tang WK. Health benefits of Tai Chi exercise: improved balance and blood pressure in middle-aged women. Health Promot Int 2004;19:33-8.
29. Young DR, Appel LJ, Jee S, et al. The effects of aerobic exercise and Tai Chi on blood pressure in older people: results of a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999;47:277-284 (Pubitemid 29113840)
30. Mayer M. Qigong and hypertension: a critique of research. J Altern Complement Med 1999;5:371-82.
31. National Heart Fundation. Hypertension management guide for doctors 2004:14. http://www.heartfoundation.org.au/document/NHF/hypertension-management- guide-2004.pdf (accessed 13 October 2007).
32. Mensink M, Feskens EJM, Saris WHM, et al. Study on Lifestyle Intervention and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Maastricht (SLIM): preliminary results after one year. Int J Obes 2003;27:377-384 (Pubitemid 36384876)
33. World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999:32.
34. Tessier D, Ménard J, Fulop T, et al. Effects of aerobic physical exercise in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2000;31:121-132 (Pubitemid 30945550)