Annotation of spatial relations in natural language

Proceedings - 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT 2009

Volumn 3, Issue , 2009, Pages 418-421

  Shen, Qijun ^a   Zhang, Xueying ^a   Jiang, Wenming ^a  

^a NANJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Annotation; Natural language; Spatial relation

Indexed keywords

ANNOTATION; ANNOTATION SCHEME; CHINESE TEXT; GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION; NATURAL LANGUAGE; NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING; NATURAL LANGUAGES; SPATIAL REASONING; SPATIAL RELATION; SPATIAL RELATIONS;

COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEMS;

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING;

EID: 71049145236     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1109/ESIAT.2009.429     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (21)

1. X. Y. Huang, J.S. Ma and Q. Tang, An introduction to geographic information system. Beijing: Higher Education Press. 2001.
2. I. Mani, J. Hitzeman and C. Clark, Annotating natural language geographic references, In LREC 2008-W13 Workshop on Methodologies and Resources for Processing Spatial Language. 2008: in Marrakech: Morocco.
3. H. J. Li, Research on spatial conceptual model based on natural language processing. PhD thesis, Harbin Institute of Technology. Harbin. 2007.
4. Electronic Publication: The MITRE Corporation. SpatialML: Annotation Scheme for Marking Spatial Expressions in Natural Language. 2009.
5. GUM. http://www.ontospace.uni-bremen.de /ontology/gum.html.
6. ACE. http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/mig/tests/ace/.
7. X. Y. Zhang, Feature type classification and Codes for Geographical Named Entities. Technical report. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, MOE.2008. .
8. J. Chen, R. L. Zhao, Spatial relations in GIS: a survey on its key issues and research progress. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 28(2): pp. 95-102. 1999.
9. J. Zhang, Theory on Multi-Resolution Spatial Data Model. 2004, Beijing: SinoMaps Press.
10. Shashi Shekhar, Sanjay Chawla, Spatial Databases. Beijing: China Machine Press. 2004.
11. R. Z. Guo, Spatial Analysis. Wuhan: Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping Press. 1997.
12. X. Q. Le, Research on intelligent web search engine of unstructured spatial information. Chinese Academy of Sciences: Beijing. 2006.
13. X. Y. Zhang, G. N. Lv, Natural language spatial relations and their applications in GIS. Geo-information Science, 2007. 9(6): pp. 77-81.
14. R. Keith, OpenGIS® Implementation Specification for Geographic Information - Simple Feature Access.2005.
15. Electronic Publication: ArcGIS Training Center. Modeling Our World. 2006.
16. D. Papadias, T.Y.S., The retrieval of direction relations using R-trees. In 5th Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA). Springer Verlag LNCS. 1994.
17. A. Frank, Qualitative spatial reasoning: Cardinal directions as an example. International Journal of Geographic Information System, 1996. 10(3): pp. 269-290.
18. Paul A Longley, M.F.G.D., Geographic Information System and Science. 2004, Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry.
19. H. W. Yan, On theories of spatial directional relationships. Chengdu Map Press: Chengdu. 2003.
20. J. Hong, Qualitative Distance and Direction Reasoning in Geographic Space. 1994, University of Maine.
21. Hamish Cunningham, D.M.K.B., Developing Language Processing Components with GATE. 2008.