The eco-tourism of cultural heritage management (ECT-CHM): Linking heritage and 'environment' in the Okavango Delta regions of Botswana

International Journal of Heritage Studies

Volumn 15, Issue 2-3, 2009, Pages 223-244

  Keitumetse, S O ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA   (Botswana)

Author keywords

Botswana; Community based tourism; Eco cultural tourism; Heritage tourism; Kalahari; Local IKS; Okavango Delta

Indexed keywords

EID: 70949094312     PISSN: 13527258     EISSN: 14703610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13527250902890811     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Arntzen, J. 'Community Based Natural Resources Management Projects: Balancing Conservation and Development'. In Natural Resources Management and People. CBNRM Support Programme, Occasional Paper No. 15, edited by Schuster and Thakadu. Gaborone: IUCN CBNRM Support, 2003
2. Arntzen J., D. L. Molokomme, E. M. Terry, N. Moleele, O. Tshosa and D. Mazambani. Main Findings of the Review of CBNRM in Botswana. Occasional Paper No.14. Gaborone: IUCN World Conservation Union, 2003
3. Black, R. and A. Crabtree. Achieving Quality in Ecotourism: Tools in the Toolbox. In Quality Assurance and Certification in Ecotourism, edited by R. Black and A. Crabtree. Wallingford: Cabi, 2007
4. Blamey, R. K. Ecotourism: The Search for an Operational Definition. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 5 no. 2 (1997): 109-129
5. Botlhale Jwa Phala Conservation Trust. Notarial Deed of Trust in Respect of Botlhale jwa Phala Conservation Trust, MA 339/2002. November 2002. Gaborone: Moesi & Co. Attorneys, Notaries & Conveyancers
6. Carman, J. and S. Keitumetse. 'Talking about Heritage and Tourism'. SAA Archaeological Record 5 no. 3 (2005): 39-41
7. Cohen, E. 'Sociology of Tourism: Approaches, Issues, and Findings'. Annual Review of Sociology 10 (1984): 373-392
8. Darvill, T. 'Value and Systems in Archaeology', in Managing Archaeology, edited by M. A. Cooper et al. London: Routledge, 1995
9. Drumm, A. and A. Moore. Ecotourism Development: A Manual for Conservation Planners and Managers. Vol. 1: An Introduction to Ecotourism Planning. Arlington, VA: The Nature Conservancy, 2002
10. English Heritage. The Monuments Protection Programme: An Introduction. London: English Heritage, 1997
11. Management of Archaeological Projects (MAP 2). London: English Heritage, 1991
12. Fennel, D. A. 'A Content Analysis of Ecotourism Definitions'. Current Issues in Tourism 4 no. 5 (2001): 403-420
13. Fisher, E., J. Jones and R. von Schomberg. Implementing the Precautionary Principle: Perspectives and Prospects. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2006
14. International Labour Organisation. Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries. Adopted on June 27, 1989 by the General Conference of the International Labour Organisation. Available at http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/ 62.htm (Accessed April 2009)
15. Keitumetse, S. O. 'Sustainable Development and Archaeological Heritage Management: Local Community Participation and Monument Tourism in Botswana'. Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, 2005
16. -. 'Theorizing Community Representation: Indigeneity, International Law, and Cultural Sustainability'. Unpublished paper submitted as a fulfilment of a requirement for a Rockefeller Humanities Fellowship programme at the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, Smithsonian Institution, DC, 2006
17. -. Celebrating or marketing the indigenous? International Rights Organisations, National Governments, and Tourism Creation. In Tourism and Politics: Global Frameworks and Local Realities. Series: Advances in Tourism Research, edited by P. Burns and N. Novelli. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007
18. Kgamanyane, T. 'The Contribution of Rock Paintings to the Economic Value of Tsodilo World Heritage Site. Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre Winter Course on Research Methods, University of Botswana, 2007
19. Lehmann, D. 'Introduction'. In Development Theory: Four Critical Studies, edited by D. Lehman et al. London: Frank Cass, 1979
20. Mapanda Conservation Trust. Notarial Deed Trust No. 123/95: Mapanda Conservation Trust. January 2002. Gaborone: Moesi & Co. Attorneys, Notaries & Conveyancers
21. Midgley, J. 'Introduction: Social Development, the State and Participation'. In Community Participation, Social Development and the State, edited by J. Midgley, 1986
22. Moremi-Manonnye Conservation Trust. Notarial Deed of Trust, MA 135/99: Moremi-Manonnye Conservation Trust. July 1999. Gaborone: Moesi & Co. Attorneys, Notaries & Conveyancers
23. Neumayer, E. Weak Versus Strong Sustainability: Exploring the Limits of Two Opposing Paradigms. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2003
24. Prohasa, S. 'Ecotourism and Cultural Heritage Tourism: Forging Stronger Links'. Yale F & ES Bulletin: 278-281
25. Pule, T. Archaeology and Museums. In Ditswa Mmung: Archaeology of Botswana. Gaborone: Pula Press, 1998
26. Republic of Botswana, Ministry of Environment, Wildlife & Tourism (MEWT). Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) Policy. Gaborone: Government Printer, 2007
27. Botswana National Ecotourism Strategy. Gaborone: Government Printer, 2002
28. Republic of Botswana, Ministry of Lands and Housing. Tourism Lease. Gaborone: Government Printer, n.d
29. Wildlife Management Lease. Gaborone: Government Printer, n.d
30. Community Natural Resource Management Lease Gaborone: Government Printer, n.d
31. Republic of Botswana, Department of Culture and Youth. National Policy on Culture, October 2001. Gaborone: Government Printer, 2001
32. Republic of Botswana, Ministry of Home Affairs. Monument and Relics Act No.12 of 2001, Gaborone: Government Printer, 2001
33. Monument and Relics Act 1970, Chapter 59:03. Gaborone: Government Printer, 1970
34. Republic of Botswana, Department of Wildlife and National Parks. Wildlife Conservation and National Parks Act No. 28 of 1992. Gaborone: Government Printer, 1992
35. Republic of Botswana, Department of Tourism. Tourism Policy: Government paper No.2 of 1990. Gaborone: Government Printer, 1990
36. Robinson, N., ed. Agenda 21 and the UNCED Proceedings. Third Series: International Protection of the Environment, vol. 6. New York: Oceana Publications, 1993
37. Roe, D. M., M. Grieg-Gran and W. Schalken. Getting the Lion's Share from Tourism: Private Sector-Community Partnerships in Namibia. Poverty, Inequality and Environment Series No.1 Vols. 1-3. Namibia: IIED and NACOBTA, 2001
38. Sankuyo Tshwaragano Management Trust (STMT). Notarial Deed of Trust, MA 11/2002: Sankuyo Tshwaragano Management Trust (STMT). November 1995. Gaborone: Monthe, Marumo & Co. Attorneys, Notaries & Conveyancers
39. Skeates, R. Debating the Archaeological Heritage. London: Duckworth, 2000
40. Smith, G. L. Impact Assessment and Sustainable Resource Management. Longman: Edinburgh, 1993
41. Smith, P. Cultural Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001
42. Sorensen, M. L. S. Gender Archaeology. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000
43. Spennemann, H. R., D. W. Look and K. Graham. Heritage Eco-Tourism in Micronesia: Expectations of Government Officials. CRM 1 (2001): 30-32
44. Stankey, G. H., S. F. McCool and G. L. Stokes. Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) System for Wilderness Planning. Gen.Tech. Report INT-176, USDA Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT: 1985
45. Thakadu, O. T. and B. Schuster. 'Introduction'. In Natural Resources Management and People, edited by O. T. Schuster and B. Thakadu. CBNRM Support Programme, Occasional Paper No. 15. Gaborone: IUCN CBNRM Support, 2007
46. UNESCO. The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) meeting, Paris, 17 October to 21 November 1972, 17th session. Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted 1972
47. UNESCO. The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) meeting, Paris, 29 September to 17 October 2003, 32nd session. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, adopted 17 October 2003, Paris, France
48. UNESCO. Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace (resolution A/53/243), Paris, 1999
49. World Travel & Tourism Council. Botswana: The Impact of Travel & Tourism on Jobs and Economy. London: WTTC, 2007
50. Zeppel, H. Indigenous Ecotourism: Sustainable Development and Management. Wallingford: Cabi, 2006