"This is not a catholic nation": The Ku Klux Klan confronts Franco-Americans in Maine

New England Quarterly-A Historical Review of New England Life and Letters

Volumn 82, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 285-303

  Richard, Mark Paul ^a  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70849119737     PISSN: 00284866     EISSN: 19372213     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/tneq.2009.82.2.285     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Bangor Daily Commercial, 5 February 1924, p. 3
2. Le Messager (Lewiston, Maine), 11 August 1924, p. 8
3. Lewiston Daily Sun, 11 August 1924, pp. 1, 12
4. Portland Press Herald, 30 August 1924, p. 1
5. Portland Evening Express, 30 August 1924, p. 2
6. Washington Post, 2 November 1930, p. 14
7. Edward Bonner Whitney, "The Ku Klux Klan in Maine, 1922-1928: A Study with Particular Emphasis on the City of Portland" (honors thesis, Harvard College, 1966)
8. Lawrence Wayne Moores, Jr., "The History of the Ku Klux Klan in Maine, 1922-1931" (M.A. thesis, University of Maine-Orono, 1950), pp. 99-100
9. Yolande Lavoie, L'émigration des Québécois aux États-Unis de 1840 à 1930 ([Québec, Québec]: Éditeur officiel du Québec, 1981), p. 53
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11. Yves Roby, Les Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle-Angleterre (1776-1930) (Sillery, Québec: Septentrion, 1990), pp. 33-45, 227-32, 275-77
12. Paul-André Linteau, René Durocher, and Jean-Claude Robert, Histoire du Québec contemporain: De la Confédération à la crise (1867-1929) (Montréal: Boréal, 1989), pp. 168, 405
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19. Bruno Ramirez, with the assistance of Yves Otis, Crossing the 49th Parallel: Migration from Canada to the United States, 1900-1930 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2001.)
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21. "Rule by Terror," pt. 1, "The History of the Ku Klux Klan," American History Illustrated (January 1980), p. 48
22. Wyn Craig Wade, The Fiery Cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America (1987; reprinted, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 138-39
23. David Chalmers, "Rule by Terror," pt. 2, "The Hooded Knights Revive in the Twenties," American History Illustrated (February 1980), p. 28
24. Leonard J. Moore, Citizen Klansmen: The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), pp. xii, 1, 2-3
25. David J. Goldberg, "The Rapid Rise and the Swift Decline of the Ku Klux Klan," Discontented America: The United States in the 1920s (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), pp. 117-39
26. C. Stewart Doty, "How Many Frenchmen Does It Take to . . . ?" Thought and Action 11 [Fall 1995]: 85-104
27. Kathleen M. Blee, Women of the Klan: Racism and Gender in the 1920s (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), pp. 175, 176
28. Henry P. Fry and Edgar I. Fuller: Fry, The Modern Ku Klux Klan (Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1922; reprinted, New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969)
29. Fuller, The Visible of the Invisible Empire, revised and edited by Geo. La Dura (Denver: Maelstrom Publishing Co., 1925)
30. Emerson Hunsberger Loucks, The Ku Klux Klan in Pennsylvania: A Study in Nativism (New York: Telegraph Press, 1936)
31. Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Rabb, The Politics of Unreason: Right-Wing Extremism in America, 1790-1970 (New York: Harper and Row, 1970)
32. David H. Bennett, The Party of Fear: From Nativist Movements to the New Right in American History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988)
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34. Robert Alan Goldberg, Hooded Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Colorado (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981)
35. Shawn Lay, Hooded Knights on the Niagara: The Ku Klux Klan in Buffalo, New York (New York: New York University Press, 1995)
36. The Invisible Empire in the West: Toward a New Historical Appraisal of the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s, ed. Shawn Lay (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992)
37. Harold B. Clifford, Charlie York: Maine Coast Fisherman (Camden, Maine: International Marine Publishing Co., 1974), pp. 100-101
38. Official Catholic Directory for the Year of Our Lord 1921 (New York: P. J. Kenedy and Sons, 1921), p. 527
39. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Fourteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1920, vols. 1-3 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1921-22), 1:20
40. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Religious Bodies, 1926, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1929), p. 44
41. Sunday Press Herald, 21 January 1923, pp. 1, 5
42. New York Times, 31 August 1924, sec. 2, p. 2
43. Frederick L. Collins, "Way Down East with the K.K.K." Collier's, 15 December 1923, p. 29
44. Farnsworth, Lewiston Daily Sun, 19 April 1923, p. 1
45. "The Klan: Defender of Americanism," the Imperial Wizard in an authorized interview with Stanley Frost, Forum 74 [December 1925]: 811)
46. Maine Klansman, 6 December 1923, p. 3
47. New York World, 16 December 1923, pp. 1S and 2S
48. Daily Kennebec Journal, 18 March 1924, p. 1
49. Lewiston Evening Journal, 20 June 1924, p. 1
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51. "Immigrants in a Frontier Community: Madawaska, 1785-1850," Histoire sociale/Social History 19 [Novembre/November 1986]: 277-97)
52. Report of the State Commissioner of Education of the State of Maine for the School Biennium Ending June 30, 1924 (Augusta: Maine Department of Education, 1924), p. 40
53. George J. Mitchell Department of Special Collections and Archives, Bowdoin College Library, Brunswick, Maine
54. John Syrett, "Principle and Expediency: The Ku Klux Klan and Ralph Owen Brewster in 1924," Maine History 39 (Winter 2000-2001): 215-39
55. Ernst Christian Helmreich, Religion and the Maine Schools: An Historical Approach (Brunswick, Maine: Bureau for Research in Municipal Government, 1960)
56. Charles A. Scontras, Organized Labor in Maine: War, Reaction, Depression, and the Rise of the CIO, 1914-1943 (Orono: Bureau of Labor Education, University of Maine, 2002), pp. 171, 176
57. Pease, Portland Press Herald, 5 February 1924, p. 1
58. Biddeford Daily Journal, 5 February 1924, p. 1
59. Sanford Tribune and Advocate, 14 August 1924, p. 1
60. Biddeford Weekly Journal, 15 August 1924, p. 3
61. La Justice de Biddeford, 22 August 1924
62. Farnsworth, quoted in Biddeford Daily Journal, 28 April 1923, p. 5
63. Smith, quoted in Biddeford Daily Journal, 29 August 1924, p. 1
64. Drapeau, Biddeford Daily Journal, 30 August 1924, p. 1
65. Loyal but French: The Negotiation of Identity by French-Canadian Descendants in the United States (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2008), p. 111
66. L'Étoile (Lowell, Mass.), 31 July 1924, p. 1
67. Boston Herald, 31 July 1924, p. 1, 2 August 1924, p. 2, and 3 August 1924, p. 8
68. Michael Guignard, "The Case of Sacred Heart Parish," Maine Historical Society Quarterly 22 (Summer 1982): 21-36
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70. and my Loyal but French, pp. 103-4, 139-44
71. and Lay, ed., The Invisible Empire in the West
72. William MacDonald, "The French Canadians in New England," Quarterly Journal of Economics 12 (April 1898): 265
73. J. Antonin Plourde, Dominicains au Canada: Livre des documents, vol. 2: Les cinq fondations avant l'autonomie (1881-1911) (n.p.: n.p., 1975), p. 48
74. Robert Cloutman Dexter, "Fifty-Fifty Americans," World's Work 48 (August 1924): 369-70
75. Dyke Hendrickson, Quiet Presence: Dramatic, First-Person Accounts-The True Stories of Franco-Americans in New England (Portland, Maine: Guy Gannett Publishing Co., 1980)
76. F. Bouvier, "The French-Canadians of New England," in Joan H. Rollins, ed., Hidden Minorities: The Persistence of Ethnicity in American Life (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1981)