Chlorate formation in chlorine dioxide delignification - An analysis via elementary kinetic modeling

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 191-213

  Tarvo, Ville ^a   Lehtimaa, Tuula ^a   Kuitunen, Susanna ^a   Alopaeus, Ville ^a   Vuorinen, Tapani ^a  

^a AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

Author keywords

Bleaching; Chlorate; Chlorine dioxide; Chlorite; Delignification; Inorganic reactions; Modeling; Predictive modeling; Reaction kinetics

Indexed keywords

ADVERSE EFFECT; CHLORATE; CHLORATE FORMATION; CHLORIDE ION CONCENTRATION; CHLORINE DIOXIDE DELIGNIFICATION; CHLORINE DIOXIDES; CHLOROUS ACID; HYPOCHLOROUS ACIDS; INDUSTRIAL PROCESSS; INORGANIC REACTIONS; KINETIC MODELING; PREDICTIVE MODELING; REACTION CONDITIONS; REACTION ROUTES; SELF-DECOMPOSITION; TIME FRAME;

ASSOCIATION REACTIONS; BLEACHING; CHLORINE; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CLEANING; DELIGNIFICATION; FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; IGNEOUS ROCKS; REACTION KINETICS;

PH EFFECTS;

EID: 70749142630     PISSN: 02773813     EISSN: 15322319     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02773810802650351     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Lindgren,B.O. Chlorine dioxide and chlorite oxidations of phenols related to lignin. Svensk papperstidn. 1971, 74(3), 57-63.
2. Dence, C.W.; Reeve, D.W. Pulp Bleaching: Principles and Practice; Tappi Press: Atlanta, GA, United States, 1996.
3. Ni, Y.; Shen, X.H.; Van Heiningen, A.R.P. Studies on the reactions of phenolic and nonphenolic lignin model compounds with chlorine dioxide. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 1994, 14(2), 243-262.
4. Kolar, J.J.; Lindgren, B.O.; Pettersson, B. Chemical reactions in chlorine dioxide stages of pulp bleaching: Intermediately formed hypochlorous acid. Wood Sci. Technol. 1983, 17(2), 117-128.
5. Brage, C.; Eriksson, T.; Gierer, J. Reactions of chlorine dioxide with lignins in unbleached pulps. Part I. Reactions of chlorine dioxide with monomeric model compounds representing aromatic structures in residual lignins. Holzforschung 1991, 45(1), 23-30.
6. Fredricks, P.S.; Lindgren, B.O.; Theander, O. Chlorine oxidation of cellulose. IV. Kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of methyl b-D-glucopyranoside with chlorine in acid aqueous solution. Svensk papperstidn. 1971, 74(19), 597-603.
7. Marpillero, P. The bleaching of pulps with activated chlorate. Tappi 1958, 41 (5), 213A-216A.
8. Rapson,W.H.; Anderson, C.B. Improving the efficiency of chlorine dioxide bleaching. Transactions Tech. Sect. CPPA 1977, 3(2), TR52-TR55.
9. Bergnor, E.; Germgard, U.; Kolar, J.J.; Lindgren, B.O. Formation of chlorate in chlorine dioxide bleaching. Cellulose Chem. Technol. 1987 21(3), 307-314.
10. vanWijk, D.J.; Hutchinson, T.H. The ecotoxicity of chlorate to aquatic organisms: A critical review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 1995, 32(3), 244-253.
11. Lindgren, B.O.; Nilsson, T. Chlorate formation during reaction of chlorine dioxide with lignin model compounds. Svensk Papperstidn. 1975, 78(2), 66-68.
12. Nilsson, T.; Sjostrom, L. Losses in chlorine dioxide as a result of chlorate formation during bleaching. Svensk Papperstidn. 1974, 77(17), 643-647.
13. Rapson, W.H.; Anderson, C.B. Kraft Pulp bleaching with chlorine and chlorine dioxide - Effect of pH on the chlorination stage. Tappi J. 1978, 61(10), 97-99.
14. Soila, R.; Lehtikoski, O.; Virkola, N.-E. On the reactions taking place during the chlorine dioxide bleaching stage. Svensk Papperstidn. 1962 65(12), 632-638.
15. Germgard, U.; Teder, A.; Tormund, D. Chlorate formation during chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood kraft pulp. Paperi Puu 1981, 63 (3), 127-133.
16. Ni,Y.;Kubes, G.J.;Van Heiningen, A.R.P. Mechanism of chlorate formation during bleaching of kraft pulp with chlorine dioxide. J. Pulp Paper Sci. 1993, 19(1), J1-J6.
17. Yoon, B.;Wang, L.; Yoon, S.; Kim, S.Mechanism of chlorate formation in chlorine dioxide delignification. Appita J. 2004, 57(6), 472-474.
18. Svenson, D.R.; Kadla, J.F.; Chang, H.; Jameel, H. Effect of pH on the inorganic species involved in a chlorine dioxide reaction system. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002, 41(24), 5927-5933.
19. Svenson, D.R.; Jameel, H.; Chang, H.; Kadla, J.F. Inorganic reactions in chlorine dioxide bleaching of softwood kraft pulp. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 2006, 26(3), 201-213.
20. 2 prebleaching by the addition of hypochlorous acid scavengers. J. Pulp Paper Sci. 2002, 28, 274-279.
21. Kolar, J.J.; Lindgren, B.O. Oxidation of styrene by chlorine dioxide and by chlorite in aqueous solutions. Acta Chem. Scand. 1982, 36 B(9), 599-605.
22. Wartiovaara, I. Theoretical model for reaction mechanism of chlorine dioxide bleaching. Paperi ja Puu 1982, 64(11), 680-683.
23. Gordon, G.; Kieffer, R.G.; Rosenblatt, D.H. The chemistry of chlorine dioxide. Prog. Inorg. Chem. 1972, 15, 201-286.
24. Von, H.G.; Teder, A. Kinetics of the decomposition of aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions. Acta Chem. Scand. 1973, 27(10), 4018-4019.
25. Wartiovaara, I. The influence of pH on the D stages of DE and ODE bleaching sequences. Paperi ja Puu 1982, 64(10), 581-584.
26. Taube, H.; Dodgen, H. Applications of radioactive chlorine to the study of the mechanisms of reactions involving changes in the oxidation state of chlorine. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 3330-3336.
27. Hong, C.C.; Rapson, W.H. Kinetics of disproportionation of chlorous acid. Can. J. Chem. 1968, 46(12), 2053-2060.
28. Fabian, I.; Gordon, G. Iron(III)-catalyzed decomposition of the chlorite ion: An inorganic application of the quenched stopped-flow method. Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31(11), 2144-2150.
29. Horvath, A.K.; Nagypal, I.; Peintler, G.; Epstein, I.R.; Kustin, K. Kinetics and mechanism of the decomposition of chlorous acid. J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107(36), 6966-6973.
30. Peintler, G.; Nagypal, I.; Epstein, I.R. Systematic design of chemical oscillators. 60. Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between chlorite ion and hypochlorous acid. J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94(7), 2954-2958.
31. Schmitz, G.; Rooze, H. Reaction mechanisms for chlorite and chlorine dioxide. 1. Stoichiometry of chlorite reactions and kinetics in the presence of ortho-toluidine. Can. J. Chem. 1981, 59(8), 1177-1187.
32. Jakobsson, K.; Aittamaa, J. Introduction to Flowbat software; http://www.tkk.fi/Units/ChemEng/research/Software/flowbat/index.html (accessed September 2008).
33. Kieffer, R.G.; Gordon, G. Disproportionation of chlorous acid. I. Stoichiometry. Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7(2), 235-239.
34. Emmenegger, F.; Gordon, G. The rapid interaction between sodium chlorite and dissolved chlorine. Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6(3), 633-635.
35. Lehtimaa, T.; Tarvo, V.; Mortha, G.; Kuitunen, S.; Vuorinen, T. The reactions and kinetics of Cl(III) decomposition. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47(15), 5284-5290.
36. Dean, J.A. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry; McGraw-Hill Inc.: New York, USA, 1999.
37. Aieta, E.M.; Roberts, P.V. Kinetics of the reaction between molecular chlorine and chlorite in aqueous solution. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20(1), 50-55.
38. Connick, R.E.; Chia, Y. The hydrolysis of chlorine and its variation with temperature. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 1280-1284.
39. Ni, Y.; Kubes, G.J.; Van Heiningen, A.R.P. Rate processes of chlorine species distribution during chlorine dioxide prebleaching of kraft pulp. Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. 1992, 7(4), 200-204.
40. Wang, T.X.; Margerum, D.W. Kinetics of reversible chlorine hydrolysis: Temperature dependence and general-acid/Base-assisted mechanisms. Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33(6), 1050-1055.
41. Rapson, W.H.; Anderson, C.B. Mixtures of chlorine dioxide and chlorine in the chlorination stage of pulp bleaching. Pulp & Paper Magazine of Canada 1966, 67(1), T47-T55.
42. Ondrus, M.G.; Gordon, G. Oxidation of hexaaquoiron(II) by chlorine(III) in aqueous solution. Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11(5), 985-989.
43. Schmitz, G.; Rooze, H. Reaction mechanism for chlorite and chlorine dioxide. 3. Disproportionation of chlorite. Can. J. Chem. 1985, 63(4), 975-980.
44. Schmitz, G.; Rooze, H. Reaction mechanism for chlorite and chlorate. 2. Reaction kinetics of chlorite in the presence of o-Tolidine. Can. J. Chem. 1984, 62(11), 2231-2234.
45. Fabian, I.; Gordon, G. Kinetics and mechanism of the complex formation of the chlorite ion and iron(III) in aqueous solution. Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30(21), 3994-3999.
46. Jakobsson, K.; Aittamaa, J., KINFIT User's Manual; http://www.tkk.fi/Units/ChemEng/research/Software/kinfit/ KINFIT_eng.html (accessed September 2005).
47. Kormanyos, B.; Horvath, A.K.; Peintler, G.; Nagypal, I. Inherent pitfalls in the simplified evaluation of kinetic curves. J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111(33), 8104-8109.
48. Press, W.H.; Flannery, B.P.; Teukolsky, S.A. Numerical Recipes - The Art of Scientific Computing (FORTRAN Version); Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1989.
49. Jeanes, A.; Isbell, H.S. Chemical reactions of the chlorites with carbohydrates. J. Research Natl. Bur. Standards 1941, 27, 125-142 (Research Paper No. 1408).
50. Lehtimaa, T., Tarvo, V., Mortha, G., Vuorinen, T., The role of chlorite in chlorine dioxide bleaching, Proceedings from the 14th ISWFPC; TAPPSA: Durban, SA, 2007.
51. Joncourt, M.J.; Froment, P.; Lachenal, D. Formation of radical species during ClO2 delignification. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 1998, 18 (2), 159-170.
52. Fogelholm, C.J. Papermaking Science and Technology 6A. Chemical Pulping; Fapet Oy: Jyväskylä, 2000.
53. Lapierre, L.; Bouchard, J.; Berry, R.M.; Van Lierop, B. Chelation prior to hydrogen peroxide bleaching of kraft pulps: Overview. J. Pulp Paper Sci. 1995, 21(8), 268-273.
54. Räsänen, E.; Kärkkäinen, L. Modelling of complexation of metal ions in pulp suspensions. J. Pulp Paper Sci. 2003, 29 (6), 196-203.
55. Medina, J., Lehtimaa, T., Tervola, P., Vehmaa, J., Pikka, O., Vuorinen, T., Chlorate reduction in Eucalyptus pulp bleaching, Conference Proceedings, IPBC 2008; PAPTAC: Montreal, QC, Canada, 229-231.
56. Fabian, I.; Gordon, G. Complex formation reactions of the chlorite ion. Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30(19), 3785-3787.