Intention in ethics

Canadian Journal of Philosophy

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 187-223

  Shaw, Joseph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70749134908     PISSN: 00455091     EISSN: 19110820     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/cjp.2006.0012     Document Type: Review

References (158)

1. E.g. Thomas Nagel 'War and massacre,' in Mortal Questions, Thomas Nagel, ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1979) 53-74, at 60
2. Jeremy Bentham, The Principles of Morals and Legislation (London, 1781) Ch VIII VI, 84
3. Jonathan Bennett, The Act Itself (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1995), 203
4. Michael Bratman Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1987), 142
5. H.L.A. Hart, 'Intention and Punishment' in Punishment and Responsibility: Essays in the Philosophy of Law, H.L.A. Hart, ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1968) 113-35, at 118, 120
6. Anthony Kenny 'Intention and Purpose in Law,' in Essays in Legal Philosophy, Robert S. Summers, ed. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1970) 146-63, at 147
7. See John Finnis, 'Intention in tort law,' in Philosophical Foundations of Tort Law, D.G. Owen, ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1995) 229-47
8. Finnis, 'Intention and Side Effects,' in Liability and Responsibility: Essays in Law and Morals, R.G. Frey and Christopher W. Morris, eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1991) 32-64, at 48, 60f
9. cf. the 'Felony Murder' rule, in Christopher Boorse and Roy Sorenson, 'Ducking Harm,' Journal of Philosophy 85 (1988) 115-34, at 123, n. 12
10. Henry Sidgwick, The Methods of Ethics, 7th ed. (London: Macmillan 1907), 202
11. Glanville Williams, The Sanctity of Life and the Criminal Law (London: Faber and Faber 1958), 286
12. cf. R.G. Frey, 'Some aspects of the doctrine of double effect,' Canadian Journal of Philosophy 5 (1975) 259-83, at 264
13. Roderick M. Chisolm, 'The Structure of Intention,' Journal of Philosophy 67 (1970) 633-47
14. cf. Onora Nell (O'Neill) Acting on Principle: An Essay on Kantian Ethics (New York: Columbia University Press 1975), 71
15. Joseph M. Boyle Jr. and Thomas D. Sullivan, 'The Diffusiveness of Intention Principle: A Counter Example,' Philosophical Studies 31 (1977) 357-60, at 358
16. Gilbert Harman, 'Practical Reasoning,' Review of Metaphysics 2 (1976) 431-63, at 433
17. Boyle and Sullivan, 359
18. The phrase is Alfred Mele's: Alfred Mele, 'Recent Work on Intentional Action,' American Philosophical Quarterly 29 (1992) 199-217, at 205
19. Cf. Jorge L.A. García, 'The New Critique of Anti-Consequentialist Moral Theory,' Philosophical Studies 71 (1993) 1-32, at 7
20. Cf. ibid., 8f
21. Finnis, 'Intention in Tort Law,' 243
22. See Mele, 'Recent Work,' 200f
23. Mele, 'Acting for Reasons and Acting Intentionally,' Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 73 (1992) 355-75, at 363-72
24. P.A. Woodward, 'Nancy Davis and the Means-End Relation: Toward a Defense of the Doctrine of Double Effect,' American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 77 (2003) 437-57, at 442f
25. Alan Donagan, The Theory of Morality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1977), 124
26. Jean Gury, Compedium Theologiae Moralis (1853), Volume 1, Caput II, Articulus Primus, §2, Principia
27. Costa, 'The Trolley Problem,' 298
28. cf. Gerald Dworkin, 'Intention, Forseeability and Responsibility,' in Responsibility, Character, and the Emotions: New Essays in Moral Psychology, Ferdinand David Schoeman, ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1987) 338-54, at 341
29. Paul Ramsey, War and the Christian Conscience: How shall Modern War be Conducted Justly? (Durham NC: Duke University Press 1961), 48
30. Joseph M. Boyle Jr., 'Towards Understanding the Principle of Double Effect,' Ethics 90 (1980) 527-38, at 531
31. Frey, 'Some Aspects,' 280
32. Cf. Boyle Jr., 'Towards Understanding,' 531
33. Cf. Judith Lichtenberg, 'War, Innocence, and the Doctrine of Double Effect,' Philosophical Studies 3 (1994) 347-68, at 353
34. See New Catholic Encyclopaedia, 'Double Effect, Principle of,' and Dworkin, 'Intention, Foreseeability,' 341
35. See Francesco Roberti, Dictionary of Moral Theology (London: Burns and Oates 1962)
36. Roberti, 'Effect, Double'; Ramsey, War and the Christian Conscience, 48
37. Thomas Nagel, The View From Nowhere (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1986), 176
38. See Finnis, 'Intention and Side-Effects,' 34f
39. Bennett, The Act Itself, 215
40. Lichtenberg, 'War, innocence,' 351
41. Donald B. Marquis, 'Four Versions of Double Effect,' in The Doctrine of Double Effect, P.A. Woodward, ed. (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press 2001) 156-85, at 167
42. Kenny, 'Intention and Purpose in Law,' 155
43. David S. Oderberg, Moral Theory: A Non-Consequentialist Approach (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers 2000), 105
44. Cf. Joseph Shaw, 'Intentions and Trolleys,' Philosophical Quarterly (forthcoming)
45. Pace Fischer and Ravizza, 'Introduction,' in Ethics: Problems and Principles, John Martin Fischer and Mark Ravizza, eds. (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1992), 8
46. Donagan, The Theory of Morality, 127
47. John Martin Fischer, Mark Ravizza, and David Copp, 'Quinn on Double Effect: The Problem of "Closeness",' Ethics 103 (1993) 707-25, at 720f
48. Lichtenberg, 'War, Innocence,' 355
49. Dworkin, 'Intention, Forseeability,' 347
50. Shelly Kagan, The Limits of Morality (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1989), 183
51. Neil Delaney, 'To Double Business Bound: Reflections on the Doctrine of Double Effect,' American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 75 (2001) 561-83, at 579
52. E.g. Charles Fried, Right and Wrong (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1978), 21, 41
53. García, 'The New Critique,' 3
54. Whitley R.P. Kaufman, 'On a Purported Error About the Doctrine of Double Effect: A Reply to Sophie Botros,' Philosophy 75 (2000) 283-95, at 291
55. Philippa Foot, 'Morality, Action, and Outcome,' in Morality and Objectivity: A Tribute to J.L. Mackie, Ted Honderich, ed. (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1985) 23-38, at 26
56. cf. Joseph Shaw, 'Proportionality and the Duty of Aid,' American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly (forthcoming)
57. E.g. John Finnis, Germain Grisez, and Joseph M Boyle Jr., '"Direct" and "Indirect": A Reply to Critics of our Action Theory,' The Thomist 65 (2001) 1-44, at 4
58. Germain Gabriel Grisez, The Way of the Lord Jesus Vol. I: Christian Moral Principles (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press 1983), Ch 9 QF, 239
59. Oderberg, Moral Theory, 89
60. Henry Davis, Moral and Pastoral Theology, Volume I: Principles, 3rd ed. (London: Sheed and Ward 1938), 13
61. pace Timothy Chappell, 'Two Distinctions that Do Make a Difference: The Act/Omission Distinction and the Principle of Double Effect,' Philosophy 77 (2002) 211-33, at 225
62. Pace Bratman, Intention, Plans, 125
63. Fried, Right and Wrong, 52
64. Warren Quinn, 'Reply to Boyle's "Who is Entitled to Double Effect?"' in Warren Quinn and Philippa Foot, Morality and Action (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1993) 194-6, at 196
65. Joel Feinberg, Doing & Deserving: Essays in the Theory of Responsibility (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1970), 193
66. Kenny, 'Intention and Purpose in Law,' 158
67. Davis, Moral and Pastoral Theology Vol. I 341-52
68. cf. John Casey, 'Morality and the consequences,' in Morality and Moral Reasoning: Five Essays in Ethics, John Casey, ed. (London: Methuen 1971) 155-205, at 163
69. See ibid., 67
70. See ibid., 17
71. David Bostock, Aristotle's Ethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2000), 104
72. cf. Chappell, 'Two Distinctions,' 229f
73. Bratman, Intentions, Plans, 119
74. cf. Oderberg, Moral Theory, 137
75. Chappell, 'Two Distinctions,' 223
76. Woodward, 'Nancy Davis and the Means-End Relation,' 449
77. T.M. Scanlon, 'Intention and Permissibility,' Aristotelian Society Supplemental Vol. 74 (2000) 301-17; at 306
78. John Casey, 'Morality and the Consequences,' 192
79. See Richard L. Trammell, 'Saving Life and Taking Life,' in Killing and Letting Die, 2nd ed., Bonnie Steinbock and Alastair Norcross, eds. (New York: Fordham University Press 1994) 290-7, at 296
80. H.M. Malm, 'Killing, Letting Die, and Simple Conflicts,' Philosophy and Public Affairs 18 (1989) 238-58, at 255
81. Kagan, The Limits of Morality, 94-9
82. Alec Walen, 'Doing, Allowing, and Disabling: Some Principles Governing Deontological Restrictions,' Philosophical Studies 80 (1995) 183-215, at 197
83. Quinn, 'Actions, Intentions and Consequences: The Doctrine of Double Effect,' in Quinn, Morality and Outcome 149-74, at 187
84. John Finnis, 'The Rights and Wrongs of Abortion: A Reply to Judith Thomson,' Philosophy and Public Affairs 2 (1973) 117-45, at 137
85. See John R. Searle, Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1983), 103
86. cf. Fried, Right and Wrong, 24
87. Germain Grisez, 'Towards a Consistent Natural-Law Ethics of Killing,' American Journal of Jurisprudence 15 (1970) 64-96, at 95
88. E.g., Bratman, Intentions, Plans, 142 n.6 (191f)
89. Cf. John Finnis, Germain Grisez, and Joseph M Boyle Jr., '"Direct" and "Indirect",' 39
90. Nancy Davis, 'The Doctrine of Double Effect: Problems of Interpretation,' Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 65 (1984) 107-23, at 119
91. Woodward, 'Nancy Davis and the Means-End Relation,' 445
92. Dworkin, 'Intention, Forseeability,' 341, 345
93. Marquis, 'Four Versions,' 171
94. Kwong-Loi Shun, 'Intending as a Means,' Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 66 (1985) 216-23
95. Chappell, 'Two Distinctions,' 231
96. Scanlon, 'Intention and Permissibility,' 306
97. Donald Davidson, 'Intending,' in Essays on Actions and Events, Donald Davidson, ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1980) 83-103, at 84
98. cf. Roberti, The Dictionary of Moral Theology, 'Intention'
99. Bentham, The Principles of Morals Ch VIII VI, 84
100. Anscombe, Intention, 9, 15f
101. cf. Fried, Right and Wrong, 22
102. See Philip Stratton-Lake, Kant, Duty, and Moral Worth (London: Routledge 2000), 20-3
103. Cf. Bennett, The Act Itself, 216
104. See F.M. Kamm, 'The Doctrine of Triple Effect and Why a Rational Agent Need Not Intend the Means to his End,' Aristotelian Society 74 (2000) 21-39
105. and Shaw, 'Intentions and Trolleys'
106. Cf. G.E.M. Anscombe, 'Medallist's Address: Action, Intention, and Double Effect,' in The Doctrine of Double Effect, P.A. Woodward, ed., 50-66, at 63
107. Alison McIntyre, 'Doing Away with Double Effect,' Ethics 111 (2001) 219-55, at 244-6
108. Michael Costa, 'Another Trip on the Trolley,' in Ethics, Fischer and Ravizza, eds., 303-8, at 305
109. Philippa Foot, 'The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect,' in Killing and Letting Die, Steinbock and Norcross, eds., 266-79, at 268
110. Chappell, 'Two Distinctions.' 212; cf. Onora O'Neill, Constructions of Reason: Explorations of Kant's Practical Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1989), 34
111. G.E.M. Anscombe, Intention, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1963), 35, 66
112. See Anscombe, 'Medallist's Address,' 63
113. Davidson, 'Individuating Events,' in Essays on Actions and Events, Davidson, ed., 163-80, at 180
114. See Bennett, The Act Itself, 27-45 and passim
115. Pace Boyle, 'Towards Understanding,' 535
116. cf. Marquis, 'Four Versions,' 168
117. Anscombe, Intention, 63
118. Bruce Russell, 'On the Relative Strictness of Negative and Positive Duties,' American Philosophical Quarterly 14 (1977) 87-97, at 95
119. cf. Barbara Herman, The Practice of Moral Judgement (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press 1993), 140
120. Finnis, 'Intention and Side-Effects,' 57
121. cf. Chappell, 'Two Distinctions,' 224
122. Finnis, 'Intention and Side-Effects,' 58
123. Searle, Intentionality, 100f
124. Cf. Germain Grisez and Russell Shaw, Beyond the New Morality (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press 1974), 141f
125. for a contrary view see Davis, 'The Doctrine of Double Effect,' 119
126. See John Finnis, 'Intention in Tort Law'
127. R. v. Steane (1947) K.B. 997
128. see Hart, 'Intention and Punishment,' 125-7
129. See Finnis, 'Intention and Side-Effects,' 45 n
130. The answer is 40,320
131. Anscombe, Intention §25, 41
132. Intention was first published in 1957
133. 'The Justice of the Present War Examined' in 1939
134. 'Mr Truman's Degree' in 1957
135. 'War and Murder' in 1961
136. 'Medallist's Address' was delivered in 1982
137. Anscombe, 'The Justice of the Present War Examined,' 79
138. 'Mr Truman's Degree,' 66
139. 'War and Murder,' 59
140. Anscombe, 'Medallist's address,' 59
141. See Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations, 2nd ed. (New York: Basic Books 1992), 173
142. Anscombe, 'The Justice of the Present War Examined,' 76
143. Anscombe. 'Mr Truman's Degree,' 66
144. Cf. Nagel, 'War and Massacre,' 61
145. Ramsey, War and the Christian Conscience, 65
146. Anscombe, 'Mr Truman's Degree,' 66
147. Ibid
148. Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars, 174
149. Quinn, '... the Doctrine of Double Effect,' 188
150. cf. Russell, 'On the Relative Strictness,' 95
151. Finnis, 'The Rights and Wrongs of Abortion,' 136
152. Quinn, '...the Doctrine of Double Effect,' 179
153. F.M. Kamm, Morality, Mortality Vol. II (New York: Oxford University Press 1993), 155
154. Kamm, 'Non-Consquentialism, the Person as an End-in-Itself, and the Significance of Status,' Philosophy and Public Affairs 21 (1992) 354-89, at 377
155. Delaney, 'To Double Business Bound,' 577
156. See John C. Ford, SJ, 'The Morality of Obliteration Bombing,' in War and Morality, Richard A. Wasserstrom, ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth 1970) 261-301, at 228
157. Cf. Shaw, 'Intentions and Trolleys'
158. Notably the 'Craniotomy' case: see Joseph Shaw, 'Killing in the Catholic Tradition - I: Craniotomy,' Downside Review 123 (2005) 180-204