Measurement of black carbon (BC) by an optical method and a thermal-optical method: Intercomparison for four sites

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 43, Issue 40, 2009, Pages 6305-6311

  Ahmed, Tanveer ^a   Dutkiewicz, Vincent A ^a,b   Shareef, Akhtar ^b   Tuncel, Gurdal ^c   Tuncel, Semra ^c   Husain, Liaquat ^a,b  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b WADSWORTH CENTER   (United States)

^c MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Black carbon; Light absorption; Transmissometer; Whatman 41

Indexed keywords

A-THERMAL; BLACK CARBON; CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS; COASTAL SITES; INTERCOMPARISONS; LEAST SQUARES REGRESSION; MAGEE SCIENTIFIC; OPTICAL ANALYZERS; OPTICAL MEASUREMENT; OPTICAL METHODS; REMOTE SITES; RURAL SITE; SPECIFIC SITES; TRANSMISSOMETER; URBAN SITE; WHATMAN; WHITEFACE MOUNTAIN;

ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CARBON BLACK; LANDFORMS; LIGHT ABSORPTION; METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS; OPTICAL DATA PROCESSING;

OPTICAL FILTERS;

BLACK CARBON;

ABSORPTION; AEROSOL; BLACK CARBON; CALIBRATION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; LEAST SQUARES METHOD; LIGHT EFFECT; MEASUREMENT METHOD; OPTICAL DEPTH; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

AEROSOL; ANALYTIC METHOD; ANALYZER; ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; FILTER; MEASUREMENT; OPTICAL METHOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RURAL AREA; SEASHORE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; THERMAL ANALYSIS; THERMAL OPTICAL METHOD; URBAN AREA;

ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; ALBANY [NEW YORK]; ANTALYA [TURKEY]; EURASIA; NEW YORK [UNITED STATES]; NORTH AMERICA; TURKEY; UNITED STATES; WHITEFACE MOUNTAIN;

EID: 70749099974     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.031     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Ackermann-Liebrich U., Leuenberger P., Schwartz J., et al. Lung function and long term exposure to air pollutants in Switzerland. Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) Team. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 155 (1997) 122-129
2. Alexander D.T.L., Crozier A.P., and Anderson J.R. Brown carbon spheres in East Asian outflow and their optical properties. Science 321 (2008) 833-836
3. Bae M.S., Hong C.S., Kim Y.J., Han J.S., Moon K.J., Kondo Y., Komazaki Y., and Miyazaki Y. Intercomparison of two different thermal-optical elemental carbons and optical black carbon during ABC-EAREX2005. Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 2791-2803
4. Birch M.E., and Cary R.A. Elemental carbon based for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust. Aerosol Science and Technology 25 (1996) 221-241
5. Bond T.C., Habib G., and Bergstrom R.W. Limitations in the enhancement of visible light absorption due to mixing state. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere 111 (2006) D20211 10.1029/2006JD007315
6. Chow J.C., Watson J.G., Pritchett L.C., Pierson W.R., Frazier C.A., and Purcell R.G. The DRI thermal optical reflectance carbon analysis system-description, evaluation and applications in United States air quality studies. Atmospheric Environment 27 (1993) 1185-1201
7. Crutzen P.J., and Andreae M.O. Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Science 250 (1990) 1669-1678
8. Dockery D.W., Pope III C.A., Xu X., Spengler J.D., Ware J.H., Martha E., Fay M.E., Ferris Jr. B.G., and Speitzer F.E. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. New England Journal of Medicine 329 (1993) 1753-1759
9. Fuller K.A., Malm W.C., and Kreidenweis S.M. Effects of mixing on extinction by carbonaceous particles. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere 104 D13 (1999) 15941-15954
10. Güllü G.H., Ölmez I., Aygün S., and Tuncel G. Atmospheric trace element concentrations over the eastern Mediterranean Sea: factors affecting temporal variability. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere 103 D17 (1998) 21943-21954
11. Gundel L.A., Dod R.L., Rosen H., and Novakov T. The relationship between optical attenuation and black carbon concentration for ambient and source particles. The Science of the Total Environment 36 (1984) 197-202
12. Gwynn C.R., Burnett R.T., and Thurston G.D. A time-series analysis of acidic particulate matter and daily mortality and morbidity in the Buffalo, New York region. Environmental Health Perspectives 108 (2000) 125-133
13. Hansen A.D.A., Rosen H., and Novakov T. The Aethalometer - and instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles. The Science of the Total Environment 36 (1984) 91-196
14. 4: regional contributions and concentration trends. Atmospheric Environment 24A (1990) 1175-1187
15. Husain L., Webber J.S., Canelli E., Dutkiewicz V.A., and Halstead J.A. Mn/V ratio as a tracer of aerosol sulfate transport. Atmospheric Environment 18 (1984) 1059-1071
16. Husain L., Parekh P.P., Dutkiewicz V.A., Khan A.R., Yang X., and Swami K. Long-Term trends in atmospheric concentrations of sulfate, total sulfur, and trace elements in the Northeastern United States. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere 109 (2004) D18305 10.1029/2004JD004877
17. Husain L., Khan A.J., Ahmed T., Swami K., Bari A., and Li J. Trends in atmospheric elemental carbon concentrations 1835-2005. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere 113 (2008) D13102 10.1029/2007JD009398
18. Jacobson M.Z. Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols. Nature 409 (2001) 695-697
19. Jacobson M.Z. Control of fossil-fuel particulate black carbon and organic matter, possibly the most effective method of slowing global warming. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere 107 D19 (2002) 4410 10.1029/2001JD001376
20. Jeong C.H., Hopke P.K., Kim E., and Lee D.W. The comparison between thermal-optical transmittance elemental carbon and Aethalometer black carbon measured at multiple monitoring sites. Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 5193-5204
21. Khan A.J., Li J., and Husain L. Atmospheric transport of elemental carbon. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere 111 (2006) D04303 10.1029/2005/JD006505
22. Lammel G., and Novakov T. Water nucleation properties of carbon black and diesel soot particles. Atmospheric Environment 29 (1995) 813-823
23. Li J., Khan A.J., and Husain L. A technique for determination of black carbon in cellulose filters. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 4699-4704
24. Liousse C., Cachier H., and Jennings S.G. Optical and thermal measurements of black carbon aerosol ontent in different environments: variation of the specific attenuation cross-section sigma. Atmospheric Environment 27 (1993) 1203-1211
25. McConnell J.R., Edwards R., Kok G.L., Flanner M.G., Zender C.S., Saltzman E.S., Banta J.R., Pasteris D.R., Carter M.M., and Kahl J.D.W. 20th-Century industrial black carbon emissions altered Arctic climate forcing. Science 317 5843 (2007) 1381-1384
26. Naoe H., Hasegawa S., Heintzenberg J., Okada K., Uchiyama A., Zaizen Y., Kobayashi E., and Yamazaki A. State of mixture of atmospheric submicrometer black carbon particles and its effect on particulate light absorption. Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 1296-1301
27. NIOSH. Elemental Carbon (Diesel Particulate) Method 5040, in NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. fourth ed. 1st Suppl (1996), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
28. Petzold A., Kopp C., and Niessner R. The dependence of the specific attenuation cross-section on black carbon mass fraction and particle size. Atmospheric Environment 31 (1997) 661-672
29. Pope C.A., Burnett R.T., Thun M.J., Calle E.E., Krewski D., Ito K., and Thurston G.D. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. The Journal of the American Medical Association 287 9 (2002) 1132-1141
30. Ramanathan V., and Carmichael G. Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon. Nature Geoscience 1 (2008) 221-227
31. Reisinger P., Wonaschutz A., Hitzenberger R., Petzold A., Bauer H., Jankowski N., Puxbaum H., Chi X., and Maenhaut W. Intercomparison of measurement techniques for black or elemental carbon under urban background conditions in wintertime. Influence of biomass combustion. Environmental Science and Technology 42 (2008) 884-889
32. Saylor R.D., Edgerton E.S., and Hartsell B.E. Linear regression techniques for use in the EC tracer method of secondary organic aerosol estimation. Atmospheric Environment 40 (2006) 7546-7556
33. Schladitz A., Müller T., Kaaden N., Massling A., Kandler K., Ebert M., Weinbruch S., Deutscher C., and Wiedensohler A. In situ measurement of optical properties at Tinfou (Morocco) during the Saharan mineral dust Experiment SAMUM 2006. Tellus 61B (2009) 64-78
34. Schnaiter M., Linke C., Möhler O., Naumann K.-H., Saathoff H., Wagner R., and Schurath U. Absorption amplification of black carbon internally mixed with secondary organic aerosol. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere 110 (2005) D19204 10.1029/2005JD006046
35. Seaton A., MacNee W., Donaldson K., and Godden D. Particulate air pollution and acute health effects. Lancet 345 (1995) 176-178
36. Venkatachari P., Zhou L., Hopke P.K., Schwab J.J., Demerjian K.L., Weimer S., Hogrefe O., Felton D., and Rattigan O. An intercomparison of measurement methods for carbonaceous aerosol in the ambient air in New York City. Aerosol Science and Technology 40 (2006) 788-795