Atrial fibrillation: A developmental point of view

Heart Rhythm

Volumn 6, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 1818-1824

  Mommersteeg, Mathilda T M ^a   Christoffels, Vincent M ^a   Anderson, Robert H ^b   Moorman, Antoon F M ^a  

^a ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atrial fibrillation; Cardiac conduction system; Heart development; Pulmonary vein; Sinus venosus; Systemic venous sinus

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; GENE EXPRESSION; HEART ATRIUM; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART DEVELOPMENT; HEART MUSCLE; HEREDITY; HUMAN; MORPHOLOGY; PACEMAKER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY VEIN; SINUS NODE; SINUS VENOSUS;

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; GENETIC VARIATION; HEART ATRIA; HEART CONDUCTION SYSTEM; HUMANS; MUTATION; MYOCARDIUM; PHENOTYPE; PULMONARY VEINS; SINOATRIAL NODE;

EID: 70649101251     PISSN: 15475271     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.07.011     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Kannel W.B., and Benjamin E.J. Status of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation. Med Clin North Am 92 (2008) 17-40
2. Haïssaguerre M., Jaïs P., Shah D.C., et al. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 339 (1998) 659-666
3. Nattel S. Basic electrophysiology of the pulmonary veins and their role in atrial fibrillation: precipitators, perpetuators, and perplexers. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 14 (2003) 1372-1375
4. Andalib A., Brugada R., and Nattel S. Atrial fibrillation: evidence for genetically determined disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 23 (2008) 176-183
5. Mommersteeg M.T.M., Brown N.A., Prall O.W.J., et al. Pitx2c and Nkx2-5 are required for the formation and identity of the pulmonary myocardium. Circ Res 101 (2007) 902-909
6. Melnyk P., Ehrlich J.R., Pourrier M., Villeneuve L., Cha T.J., and Nattel S. Comparison of ion channel distribution and expression in cardiomyocytes of canine pulmonary veins versus left atrium. Cardiovasc Res 65 (2005) 104-116
7. Verheule S., Wilson E.E., Arora R., Engle S.K., Scott L.R., and Olgin J.E. Tissue structure and connexin expression of canine pulmonary veins. Cardiovasc Res 55 (2002) 727-738
8. Anderson R.H., and Cook A.C. The structure and components of the atrial chambers. Europace 9 Suppl 6 (2007) vi3-vi9
9. Anderson R.H., Brown N.A., and Webb S. Development and structure of the atrial septum. Heart 88 (2002) 104-110
10. Ho S.Y., Cabrera J.A., Tran V.H., Farre J., Anderson R.H., and Sanchez-Quintana D. Architecture of the pulmonary veins: relevance to radiofrequency ablation. Heart 86 (2001) 265-270
11. Ramsdell A.F. Left-right asymmetry and congenital cardiac defects: getting to the heart of the matter in vertebrate left-right axis determination. Dev Biol 288 (2005) 1-20
12. Mommersteeg M.T.M., Hoogaars W.M.H., Prall O.W.J., et al. Molecular pathway for the localized formation of the sinoatrial node. Circ Res 100 (2007) 354-362
13. Moorman A.F.M., and Christoffels V.M. Cardiac chamber formation: development, genes and evolution. Physiol Rev 83 (2003) 1223-1267
14. Anderson R.H., Brown N.A., and Moorman A.F.M. Development and structures of the venous pole of the heart. Dev Dyn 235 (2006) 2-9
15. Soufan A.T., van den Hoff M.J.B., Ruijter J.M., et al. Reconstruction of the patterns of gene expression in the developing mouse heart reveals an architectural arrangement that facilitates the understanding of atrial malformations and arrhythmias. Circ Res 95 (2004) 1207-1215
16. Buckingham M., Meilhac S., and Zaffran S. Building the mammalian heart from two sources of myocardial cells. Nat Rev Genet 6 (2005) 826-837
17. Horsthuis T., Buermans H.P., Brons J.F., et al. Gene expression profiling of the forming atrioventricular node using a novel Tbx3-based node-specific transgenic reporter. Circ Res 105 (2009) 61-69
18. van Mierop L.H.S. Localization of pacemaker in chick embryo heart at the time of initiation of heartbeat. Am J Physiol 212 (1967) 407-415
19. Stieber J., Herrmann S., Feil S., et al. The hyperpolarization-activated channel HCN4 is required for the generation of pacemaker action potentials in the embryonic heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 (2003) 15235-15240
20. Harvey R.P. NK-2 homeobox genes and heart development. Dev Biol 178 (1996) 203-216
21. Christoffels V.M., Mommersteeg M.T.M., Trowe M.O., et al. Formation of the venous pole of the heart from an Nkx2-5-negative precursor population requires Tbx18. Circ Res 98 (2006) 1555-1563
22. Wiese C., Grieskamp T., Airik R., et al. Formation of the sinus node head and differentiation of sinus node myocardium are independently regulated by tbx18 and tbx3. Circ Res 104 (2009) 388-397
23. Blaschke R.J., Hahurij N.D., Kuijper S., et al. Targeted mutation reveals essential functions of the homeodomain transcription factor Shox2 in sinoatrial and pacemaking development. Circulation 115 (2007) 1830-1838
24. Hoogaars W.M.H., Engel A., Brons J.F., et al. Tbx3 controls the sinoatrial node gene program and imposes pacemaker function on the atria. Genes Dev 21 (2007) 1098-1112
25. Dupays L., Jarry-Guichard T., Mazurais D., et al. Dysregulation of connexins and inactivation of NFATc1 in the cardiovascular system of Nkx2-5 null mutants. J Mol Cell Cardiol 38 (2005) 787-798
26. Wakimoto H., Kasahara H., Maguire C.T., Moskowitz I.P.G., Izumo S., and Berul C.I. Cardiac electrophysiological phenotypes in postnatal expression of Nkx2.5 transgenic mice. Genesis 37 (2003) 144-150
27. Dobrzynski H., Boyett M.R., and Anderson R.H. New insights into pacemaker activity: promoting understanding of sick sinus syndrome. Circulation 115 (2007) 1921-1932
28. Webb S., Kanani M., Anderson R.H., Richardson M.K., and Brown N.A. Development of the human pulmonary vein and its incorporation in the morphologically left atrium. Cardiol Young 11 (2001) 632-642
29. Gudbjartsson D.F., Arnar D.O., Helgadottir A., et al. Variants conferring risk of atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25. Nature 448 (2007) 353-357
30. Jongbloed M.R., Mahtab E.A., Blom N.A., Schalij M.J., and Gittenberger-de Groot A.C. Development of the cardiac conduction system and the possible relation to predilection sites of arrhythmogenesis. Sci World J 8 (2008) 239-269
31. Viswanathan S., Burch J.B., Fishman G.I., Moskowitz I.P., and Benson D.W. Characterization of sinoatrial node in four conduction system marker mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 42 (2007) 946-953
32. Perez-Lugones A., McMahon J.T., Ratliff N.B., et al. Evidence of specialized conduction cells in human pulmonary veins of patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 14 (2003) 803-809
33. Nguyen B.L., Fishbein M.C., Chen L.S., Chen P.S., and Masroor S. Histopathological substrate for chronic atrial fibrillation in humans. Heart Rhythm 6 (2009) 454-460
34. Gutierrez-Roelens I., De R.L., Ovaert C., et al. A novel CSX/NKX2-5 mutation causes autosomal-dominant AV block: are atrial fibrillation and syncopes part of the phenotype?. Eur J Hum Genet 14 (2006) 1313-1316