Management of non-high-density lipoprotein abnormalities

Atherosclerosis

Volumn 207, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 328-335

  Rosenson, Robert S ^a  

^a SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Apolipoprotein B; Cardiovascular disease risk; LDL particle concentration; Metabolic syndrome; Non HDL cholesterol; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN B100; ATORVASTATIN; EZETIMIBE; FENOFIBRATE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; GEMFIBROZIL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; NICOTINIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; PLACEBO; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; VARESPLADIB;

CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET THERAPY; DISORDERS OF LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FIRST PASS EFFECT; HUMAN; KINESIOTHERAPY; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MONOTHERAPY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN TARGETING; REVIEW; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; TREATMENT DURATION;

ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; APOLIPOPROTEINS B; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; DYSLIPIDEMIAS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 70549114061     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.05.020     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 285: 2486-97.
2. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts), Graham I., Atar D., Borch-Johnsen K., et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. Eur Heart J 28 (2007) 2375-2414
3. Rydén L., Standl E., Bartnik M., et al. Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular disease: executive summary. The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J 28 (2007) 88-136
4. Garvey W.T., Kwon S., Zheng D., et al. Effects of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes on lipoprotein subclass particle size and concentration determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. Diabetes 52 (2003) 453-462
5. Kathiresan S., Otvos J.D., Sullivan L.M., et al. Increased small low-density lipoprotein particle number. A prominent feature of the metabolic syndrome in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 113 (2006) 20-29
6. Otvos J.D., Collins D., Freedman S.D., et al. Low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein particle subclasses predict coronary events and are favorably changed by gemfibrozil therapy in the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial. Circulation 113 (2006) 1556-1563
7. El Harchaoui K., van der Steeg W.A., Stroes E.S., et al. Value of low-density lipoprotein particle number and size as predictors of coronary artery disease in apparently healthy men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007) 547-553
8. Mora S., Otvos J.D., Rifai N., Rosenson R.S., Buring J.E., and Ridker P.M. Lipoprotein particle profiles by nuclear magnetic resonance compared with standard lipid and apolipoproteins in predicting incident cardiovascular disease in women. Circulation 119 (2009) 931-939
9. Lu W., Resnick H.E., Jablonski K.A., et al. Non-HDL cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: the Strong Heart Study. Diabetes Care 26 (2003) 16-23
10. Cui Y., Blumenthal R.S., Flaws J.A., et al. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality. Arch Intern Med 161 (2001) 1413-1419
11. Pischon T., Girman C.J., Sacks F.M., Rifai N., Stampfer M.J., and Rimm E.B. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in the prediction of coronary heart disease in men. Circulation 112 (2005) 3375-3383
12. Gotto Jr. A.M., Whitney E., Stein E.A., et al. Relation between baseline and on-treatment lipid parameters and first acute major coronary events in the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Circulation 101 (2000) 477-484
13. Adiels M., Borén J., Caslake M.J., et al. Overproduction of VLDL1 driven by hyperglycemia is a dominant feature of diabetic dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 (2005) 1697-1703
14. Sattar N., Williams K., Sniderman A.D., D'Agostino Jr. R., and Haffner S.M. Comparison of the associations of apoB and non-HDL cholesterol with other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with the metabolic syndrome in the Insulin Resistance Study (IRAS). Circulation 110 (2004) 2687-2693
15. Cromwell W.C., Otvos J.D., Keyes M.J., et al. LDL particle number and risk of future cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study-implications for LDL management. J Clin Lipidol 1 (2007) 583-592
16. Brunzell J.D., Davidson M., Furberg C.D., et al. Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Diabetes Care 31 (2008) 811-822
17. Stein E.A., Sniderman A., and Laskarzewski P. Assessment of reaching goal in patients with combined hyperlipidemia: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or apolipoprotein B. Am J Cardiol 96 suppl (2005) 36K-43K
18. Ballantyne CM, BertolamiM, Hernandez Garcia HR, et al. Achieving LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B target levels in high-risk patients: measuring effective reductions in cholesterol using rosuvastatin therapy (MERCURY)II. Am Heart J 2006;151: 975-e1-9.
19. Stalenhoef A.F., Ballantyne C.M., Sarti C., et al. A comparative study with rosuvastatin in subjects with metabolic syndrome: results of the COMETS study. Eur Heart J 26 (2005) 2664-2672
20. Bakker-Arkema R.G., Davidson M.H., Goldstein R.J., et al. Efficacy and safety of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA 275 (1996) 128-133
21. Hunninghake D.B., Stein E.A., Bays H.E., et al. Rosuvastatin improves the atherogenic and atheroprotective lipid profiles in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Coron Artery Dis 15 (2004) 115-123
22. Rosenson R.S., Otvos J.D., and Hsia J. Effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin on low-density and high-density lipoprotein particle concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Diabetes Care 32 (2009) 1087-1091
23. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 361 (2003) 2005-2016
24. Colhoun H.M., Betteridge D.J., Durrington P.N., et al., CARDS investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 364 (2004) 685-696
25. Barrios V., Amabile N., Paganelli F., et al. Lipid-altering efficacy of switching from atorvastatin 10 mg/day to ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20 mg/day compared to doubling the dose of atorvastatin in hypercholesterolaemic patients with atherosclerosis or coronary heart disease. Int J Clin Pract 59 (2005) 1377-1386
26. Kastelein J.J., Akdim F., Stroes E.S., et al., ENHANCE Investigators. Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 358 (2008) 1431-1443
27. Rossebø A.B., Pedersen T.R., Boman K., et al., SEAS Investigators. Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med 359 (2008) 1343-1356
28. Fleg J.L., Mete M., Howard B.V., et al. Effect of statins alone versus statins plus ezetimibe on carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: the SANDS (Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 52 (2008) 2198-2205
29. Farnier M., Salko T., Isaacsohn J.L., Troendle A.J., Dejager S., and Gonasun L. Effects of baseline lipid level of triglycerides on changes in lipid levels from combined fluvastatin + fibrate (bezafibrate, fenofibrate), or gemfibrozil). Am J Cardiol 92 (2003) 794-797
30. Van Ganse E., Souchet T., Laforest L., et al. Long-term achievement of the therapeutic objectives of lipid-lowering agents in primary prevention patients and cardiovascular outcomes: an observational study. Atherosclerosis 185 (2006) 58-64
31. Staels B., Dallongeville J., Auwerx J., Schoonjans K., Leitersdorf E., and Fruchart J.C. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARS) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Circulation 98 (1998) 2088-2093
32. Fruchart J.C., and Duriez P. Mode of action of fibrates in the regulation of triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol metabolism. Drug Today 42 (2006) 39-64
33. Rosenson R.S., Wolff D.A., Huskin A.L., Helenowsi I.B., and Rademaker A.W. Fenofibrate therapy ameliorates fasting and postprandial lipoproteinaemia, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 30 (2007) 1945-1951
34. Manninen V., Elo M.O., Frick M.H., et al. Lipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. JAMA 260 (1988) 641-645
35. Frick M.H., Elo O., Haapa K., et al. Helsinki Heart study: primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. N Engl J Med 317 (1987) 1237-1245
36. Rubins H.B., Robins S.J., Collins D., et al. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. N Engl J Med 341 (1999) 410-418
37. Robins S.J., Collins D., Wittes J.T., et al., VA-HIT Study Group. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial. Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and lipid levels with major coronary events: VA-HIT: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 285 (2001) 1585-1591
38. Tenenbaum A., Motro M., Fisman E.Z., Tanne D., Boyko V., and Behar S. Bezafibrate for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndrome. Arch Intern Med 165 (2005) 1154-1160
39. Keech A., Simes R.J., Barter P., et al., The FIELD study investigators. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366 (2005) 1849-1861
40. Mombelli G., Banfi F., Falcioni S., and Sirtori C.R. Persistently increased HDL-cholesterolemia and reduced triglyceridemia in a large lipid clinic population treated with fenofibrate for 15 years or longer. Int J Cardiol 133 (2009) 412-414
41. Grundy S.M., Vega G.L., Yuan Z., Battisti W.P., Brady W.E., and Palmisano J. Effectiveness and tolerability of simvastatin plus fenofibrate for combined hyperlipidemia (the SAFARI trial). Am J Cardiol 95 (2005) 462-468
42. Mohiuddin S.M., Pepine C.J., Kelly M.T., et al. Efficacy and safety of ABT-335 (fenofibric acid) in combination with simvastatin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia: a phase 3, randomized, controlled study. Am Heart J 157 (2009) 195-203
43. Goldberg A.C., Bays H.E., Ballantyne C.M., et al. Efficacy and safety of ABT-335 (fenofibric acid) in combination with atorvastatin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 103 (2009) 515-522
44. Jones P.H., Davidson M.H., Kashyap M.L., et al. Efficacy and safety of ABT-335 (fenofibric acid) in combination with rosuvastatin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia: a phase 3 study. Atherosclerosis 204 (2009) 208-215
45. Jones P.H., and Davidson M.H. Reporting rate of rhabdomyolysis with fenofibrate + statin versus gemfibrozil + any statin. Am J Cardiol 95 (2005) 120-122
46. Prueksaritanont T., Tang C., Qiu Y., Mu L., Subramanian R., and Lin J.H. Effects of fibrates on metabolism of statins in human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 30 (2002) 1290-1297
47. Grundy S.M., Mok H.Y., Zech L., and Berman M. Influence of nicotinic acid on metabolism of cholesterol and triglycerides in man. J Lipid Res 22 (1981) 24-36
48. Coronary Drug Project Research Group. Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. JAMA 231 (1975) 360-381
49. Canner P.L., Berge K.G., Wenger N.K., et al. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. J Am Coll Cardiol 8 (1986) 1245-1255
50. Canner P.L., Furberg C.D., Terrin M.L., and McGovern M.E. Benefits of niacin by glycemic status in patients with healed myocardial infarction (from the Coronary Drug Project). Am J Cardiol 95 (2005) 254-257
51. McKenney J.M., Jones P.H., Bays H.E., et al. Comparative effects on lipid levels of combination therapy with a statin and extended-release niacin or ezetimibe versus a statin alone (the COMPELL study). Atherosclerosis 192 (2007) 432-437
52. Ballantyne C.M., Davidson M.H., McKenney J., Keller L.H., Bajorunas D.R., and Karas R.H. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of a combination tablet of niacin extended release and simvastatin vs simvastatin monotherapy in patients with increased non-HDL cholesterol (from the SEACOAST I study). Am J Cardiol 101 (2008) 1428-1436
53. Brown B.G., Zhao X.Q., Chait A., et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 345 (2001) 1583-1592
54. Taylor A.J., Sullenberger L.E., Lee H.J., Lee J.K., and Grace K.A. Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing cholesterol (ARBITER) 2. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of extended-release niacin on atherosclerosis progression in secondary prevention patients treated with statins. Circulation 110 (2004) 3512-3517
55. Davidson M.H., Stein E.A., Bays H.E., et al., COMBination of prescription Omega-3 with Simvastatin (COMBOS) Investigators. Efficacy and tolerability of adding prescription omega-3 fatty acids 4 g/d to simvastatin 40 mg/d in hypertriglyceridemic patients: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther 29 (2007) 1354-1367
56. Maki K.C., McKenney J.M., Reeves M.S., Lubin B.C., and Dicklin M.R. Effects of adding prescription omega-3 acid ethyl esters to simvastatin (20 mg/day) on lipids and lipoprotein particles in men and women with mixed dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 102 (2008) 429-433
57. Yokoyama M., Origasa H., Matsuzaki M., et al., Japan EPA lipid intervention study (JELIS) Investigators. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet 369 (2007) 1090-1098
58. Rosenson R.S. Future role for selective phospholipase A2 inhibitors in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Drug Ther 23 (2009) 93-101
59. Rosenson R.S., Hislop C., McConnell D., et al., PLASMA Investigators. Effects of 1-H-indole-3-glyoxamide (A-002) on concentration of secretory phospholipase A2 (PLASMA study): a phase II double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 373 (2009) 649-658
60. 2 on low density and very low density lipoprotein subclasses in stable coronary heart disease patients. Circulation 118 Suppl II (2008) S406-S407
61. Rosenson R.S. Low HDL-C: a secondary target of dyslipidemia therapy. Am J Med 118 (2005) 1067-1077
62. Briel M., Ferreira-Gonzalez I., You J.J., et al. Association between change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 338 (2009) b92
63. McTaggart F., and Jones P. Effect of statins on high-density lipoproteins: a potential contribution to cardiovascular benefit. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 22 (2008) 321-338