A limit on the variation of the speed of light arising from quantum gravity effects

Nature

Volumn 462, Issue 7271, 2009, Pages 331-334

  Adbo, A A ^b   Ackermann, M ^c   Ajello, M ^c   Asano, K ^d,e   Atwood, W B ^f   Axelsson, M ^h,i   Baldini, L ^k   Ballet, J ^l   Barbiellini, G ^m,n   Baring, M G ^o   Bastieri, D ^p,q   Bechto, K ^l   Bellazzini, R ^k   Berenji, B ^c   Bhat, P N ^r   Bissaldi, E ^s   Bloom, E D ^c   Bonamente, E ^t,u   Bonnell, J ^w,x   Borgland, A W ^c   Bouvier, A ^c   Bregeon, J ^k   Brez, A ^k   Briggs, M S ^r   Brigida, M ^y,z   Bruel, P ^aa   Burgess, J M ^r   Burnett, T H ^ab   Caliandro, G A ^y,z   Cameron, R A ^c   Caraveo, P A ^ac   Casandjian, J M ^l   Cecchi, C ^t,u   Celik O ^v,w,ad   Chaplin, V ^r   Charles, E ^c   Cheung, C C ^a,b,w   Chiang, J ^c   Ciprini, S ^t,u   Claus, R ^c   Cohen Tanugi, J ^ae   Cominsky, L R ^af   Connaughton, V ^r   Conrad, J ^d,i   Cutini, S ^ag   Dermer, C D ^a   De Angelis, A ^ah   De Palma, F ^y,z   Dige, S W ^l   Dingus, B L ^ai   Do Couto E Silva, E ^c   Drell, P S ^c   Dubois, R ^c   Dumora, D ^aj   Farnier, C ^ae   Favuzzi, C ^y,z   Fegan, S J ^aa   Finke, J ^a,b   Fishman, G ^ak   Focke, W B ^c   Foschini, L ^al   Fukazawa, Y ^am   Funk, S ^c   Fusco, P ^y,z   Gargano, F ^z   Gasparrini, D ^ag   Gehrels, N ^w,x   Germani, S ^t,u   Gibby, L ^an   Giebels, B ^aa   Giglietto, N ^y,z   Giordano, F ^y,z   Glanzman, T ^c   Godfrey, G ^c   Granot, J ^ao   Greiner, J ^s   Grenier, I A ^l   Grondin, M H ^aj   Grove, J E ^a   Grupe, D ^ap   Guillemot, L ^aq   Guiriec, S ^r   Hanabata, Y ^am   Harding, A K ^w   Hayashida, M ^c   Hays, E ^w   Hoversten, E A ^ap   Hughes, R E ^ar   Johannesson G ^c   Johnson, A S ^c   Johnson, R P ^f   Johnson, W N ^a   Kamae, T ^c   Katagiri, H ^am   Kataoka, J ^d,as   Kawai, N ^d,at   Kerr, M ^ab   Kippen, R M ^ai   Knodlseder J ^au   Kocevski, D ^c   Kouveliotou, C ^ak   Kuehn, F ^ar   Kuss, M ^k   Lande, J ^c   Latronico, L ^k   Lemoine Goumard, M ^aj   Longo, F ^m,n   Loparco, F ^y,z   Lott, B ^aj   Lovellette, M N ^a   Lubrano, P ^t,u   Madejski, G M ^c   Makeev, A ^a,av   Mazziotta, M N ^z   McBreen, S ^s,aw   McEnery, J E ^w   McGlynn, S ^i,j   Meszaros P ^ap   Meurer, C ^d,i   Michelson, P F ^c   Mitthumsiri, W ^c   Mizuno, T ^am   Moiseev, A A ^v,x   Monte, C ^y,z   Monzani, M E ^c   Moretti, E ^m,n   Morselli, A ^ax   Moskalenko, I V ^c   Murgia, S ^c   Nakamori, T ^d   Nolan, P L ^c   Norris, J P ^az   Nuss, E ^ae   Ohno, M ^ba   Ohsugi, T ^am   Omodei, N ^k   Orlando, E ^s   Ormes, J F ^az   Ozaki, M ^ba   Paciesas, W S ^r   Paneque, D ^c   Panetta, J H ^c   Parent, D ^aj   Pelassa, V ^ae   Pepe, M ^t,u   Pesce Rollins, M ^k   Petrosian, V ^c   Piron, F ^ae   Porter, T A ^f   Preece, R ^s   Raino S ^y,z   Ramirez Ruiz, E ^g   Rando, R ^p,q   Razzano, M ^k   Razzaque, S ^a,b   Reimer, A ^c,bb   Reimer, O ^c,bb   Reposeur, T ^aj   Ritz, S ^f   Rochester, L S ^c   Rodriguez, A Y ^bc   Roth, M ^ab   Ryde, F ^i,j   Sadrozinski, H F W ^f   Sanchez, D ^aa   Sander, A ^ar   SazParkinson, P M ^f   Scargle, J D ^bd   Schalk, T L ^f   Sgro C ^k   Siskind, E J ^be   Smith, D A ^aj   Smith, P D ^ar   Spandre, G ^k   Spinelli, P ^y,z   Stamatikos, M ^w,ar   Stecker, F W ^w   Strickman, M S ^a   Suson, D J ^bf   Tajima, H ^c   Takahashi, H ^am   Takahashi, T ^ba   Tanaka, T ^c   Thayer, J B ^c   Thayer, J G ^c   Thompson, D J ^w   Tibaldo, L ^l,p,q   Toma, K ^ap   Torres, D F ^bc,bg   Tosti, G ^t,u   Troja, E ^d,w   Uchiyama, Y ^c,ba   Uehara, T ^am   Usher, T L ^c   Van Der Horst, A J ^ak   Vasileiou, V ^v,w,ad   Vilchez, N ^au   Vitale, V ^ax,ay   VonKienlin, A ^s   Waite, A P ^c   Wang, P ^c   Wilson Hodge, C ^ak   Winer, B L ^ar   Wood, K S ^a   Wu, X F ^ap,bh,bi   Yamazaki, R ^am   Ylinen, T ^i,j,bj   Ziegler, M ^f   more..

^a NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United States)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Department of Physics ^*

^e TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^f UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^g University of California   (United States)

^h STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

ⁱ OSKAR KLEIN CENTRE   (Sweden)

^j ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^k INFN SEZIONE DI PISA   (Italy)

^l CEA SACLAY   (France)

^m SEZIONE DI TRIESTE   (Italy)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE   (Italy)

^o RICE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^p SEZIONE DI PADOVA   (Italy)

^q UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^r UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE   (United States)

^s MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR EXTRATERRESTRISCHE PHYSIK   (Germany)

^t INFN SEZIONE DI PERUGIA   (Italy)

^u UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

^v Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST)

^w NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^x UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^y POLITECNICO DI BARI   (Italy)

^z INFN SEZIONE DI BARI   (Italy)

^aa ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE   (France)

^ab UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^ac INAF IASF MILANO   (Italy)

^ad UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^ae UNIVERSITÉ MONTPELLIER II   (France)

^af SONOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^ag ITALIAN SPACE AGENCY   (Italy)

^ah INFN SEZIONE DI ROMA   (Italy)

^ai LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^aj UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX   (France)

^ak NASA MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^al INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI BRERA   (Italy)

^am HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^an JACOBS TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^ao UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE   (United Kingdom)

^ap PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^aq MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR RADIOASTRONOMIE   (Germany)

^ar OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^as WASEDA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^at INST OF PHYS AND CHEMICAL RESEARCH   (Japan)

^au CNRS   (France)

^av GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^aw UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^ax INFN SEZIONE DI ROMA TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

^ay UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

^az UNIVERSITY OF DENVER   (United States)

^ba JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY   (Japan)

^bb INNSBRUCK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Austria)

^bc UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

^bd NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^be NYCB REAL TIME COMPUTING INC   (United States)

^bf PURDUE UNIVERSITY CALUMET   (United States)

^bg INSTITUCIÓ CATALANA DE RECERCA I ESTUDIS AVANÇATS ICREA   (Spain)

^bh Joint Center for Particle Nuclear Physics and Cosmology (J CPNPC)

^bi CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^bj LINNAEUS UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COSMOLOGY; GRAVITY ANOMALY; LIGHT; LIGHT INTENSITY; QUANTUM MECHANICS; VELOCITY;

ARTICLE; COSMOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; ENERGY; GRAVITY; LIGHT; PHOTON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTUM MECHANICS; SPACE; TIME; VELOCITY;

EID: 70450278871     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature08574     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Wheeler, J. A. & Ford, K. W. Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics (W. W. Norton and Company, 1998).
2. Amelino-Camelia, G., Ellis, J., Mavromatos, N. E., Nanopoulos, D. V. & Sarkar, S. Tests of quantum gravity from observations of gamma-ray bursts. Nature 393, 763-765 (1998).
3. Mattingly, D. Modern tests of Lorentz invariance. Living Rev. Relativity 8, 5-84 (2005).
4. Kostelecky, V. A. & Mewes, M. Astrophysical tests of Lorentz and CPT violation with photons. Astrophys. J. 689, L1-L4 (2008).
5. Amelino-Camelia, G. & Smolin, L. Prospects for constraining quantum gravity dispersion with near term observations. Preprint at Æhttp://arxiv. org/abs/ 0906.3731æ (2009).
6. Jacobson, T., Liberati, S. & Mattingly, D. Lorentz violation at high energy: concepts, phenomena and astrophysical constraints. Ann. Phys. 321, 150-196 (2006).
7. Amelino-Camelia, G. Quantum gravity phenomenology. Preprint at Æhttp:// arxiv.org/abs/0806.0339æ (2008).
8. Guiriec, S. et al. GRB 090510: Fermi GBM detection. GCN Circ. 9336 (2009).
9. Ohno, M. et al. Fermi LAT detection of GRB 090510. GCN Circ. 9334 (2009).
10. Rau, A. et al. GRB090510: VLT/FORS2 spectroscopic redshift. GCN Circ. 9353 (2009).
11. Rodŕiguez Mart́inez, M., Piran, T. & Oren, Y. GRB 051221A and Tests of Lorentz Symmetry. J. Cosmol. Astroparticle Phys. 05, 017-023 (2006).
12. Scargle, J. D., Norris, J. P. & Bonnell, J. T. An algorithm for detecting quantum gravity photon dispersion in gamma-ray bursts: DisCan. Astrophys. J. 673, 972-980 (2008).
13. Kouveliotou, C. et al. Identification of two classes of gamma-ray bursts. Astrophys. J. 413, L101-L104 (1993).
14. Norris, J. P. et al. Spectral evolution in gamma-ray bursts. Adv. Space Res. 6, 19-22 (1986).
15. Norris, J. P. & Bonnell, J. T. Short GRBs with extended emission. Astrophys. J. 643, 266-275 (2006).
16. Efron, B. & Tibshirani, R. An Introduction to the Bootstrap (Chapman and Hall, 1993).
17. Albert, J. et al. Probing quantum gravity using photons from a flare of the active galactic nucleus Markarian 501 observed by the MAGIC telescope. Phys. Lett. B 668, 253-257 (2008).
18. Abdo, A. A. et al. Fermi observations of high-energy gamma-ray emission from GRB 080916C. Science 323, 1688-1693 (2009).
19. Ellis, J., Mavromatos, N. E. & Nanopoulos, D. V. Derivation of a vacuum refractive index in a stringy space time foam model. Phys. Lett. B 665, 412-417 (2008).
20. Zloshchastiev, K. G. Logarithmic nonlinearity in theories of quantum gravity: origin of time and observational consequences. Preprint at Æhttp://arxiv.org/abs/ 0906.4282æ (2009).
21. Kifune, T. Invariance violation extends the cosmic-ray horizon? Astrophys. J. 518, L21-L24 (1999).
22. Jacob, U. & Piran, T. Inspecting absorption in the spectra of extra-galactic gamma-ray sources for insight into Lorentz invariance violation. Phys. Rev. D 78, 124010 (2008).
23. Christiansen, W. A. Jack Ng, Y. & van Dam, H. Probing spacetime foam with extragalactic sources. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 051301 (2006).
24. Jack Ng, Y. Spacetime foam and dark energy. AIP Conf. Proc. 1115, 74-79 (2009).
25. Jack Ng, Y. Spacetime foam: from entropy and holography to infinite statistics and nonlocality. Preprint at Æhttp://arxiv.org/abs/0801. 2962æ (2008