메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 98, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 814-825

Identification of ecophenotypic trends within three European freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida) using traditional and modern morphometric techniques

Author keywords

Fourier shape analysis; Intraspecific variability; Palaeontological reconstruction; Unionidae

Indexed keywords

FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM; HABITAT TYPE; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; MORPHOMETRY; MUSSEL CULTURE; PALEONTOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PHYTOPLANKTON; POPULATION DENSITY; RIVER SYSTEM; SHELL; SPECIES DIVERSITY;

EID: 70450250019     PISSN: 00244066     EISSN: 10958312     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01329.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0344110371 scopus 로고
    • The shell morphology of some Swedish unionides as affected by ecological conditions
    • Agrell I. 1948. The shell morphology of some Swedish unionides as affected by ecological conditions. Arkiv för Zoologi 41A : 1 30.
    • (1948) Arkiv för Zoologi , vol.41 , pp. 1-30
    • Agrell, I.1
  • 2
    • 0033056408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The morphology, growth and reproduction of Unionidae (Bivalvia) in a fenland waterway
    • Aldridge DC. 1999. The morphology, growth and reproduction of Unionidae (Bivalvia) in a fenland waterway. Journal of Molluscan Studies 65 : 47 60.
    • (1999) Journal of Molluscan Studies , vol.65 , pp. 47-60
    • Aldridge, D.C.1
  • 3
    • 25944437149 scopus 로고
    • Beobachtungen über die Biologie von Margaritana margaritifera und über die Ökologie ihres Wohnorts
    • Altnöder K. 1926. Beobachtungen über die Biologie von Margaritana margaritifera und über die Ökologie ihres Wohnorts. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 17 : 423 447.
    • (1926) Archiv für Hydrobiologie , vol.17 , pp. 423-447
    • Altnöder, K.1
  • 6
    • 0024221069 scopus 로고
    • Within-basin variation in the shell morphology and growth rate of a freshwater mussel
    • Bailey RC, Green RH. 1988. Within-basin variation in the shell morphology and growth rate of a freshwater mussel. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66 : 1704 1708.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.66 , pp. 1704-1708
    • Bailey, R.C.1    Green, R.H.2
  • 7
    • 2542572074 scopus 로고
    • Variation in freshwater mussels
    • Ball GH. 1922. Variation in freshwater mussels. Ecology 3 : 93 121.
    • (1922) Ecology , vol.3 , pp. 93-121
    • Ball, G.H.1
  • 8
    • 0026350288 scopus 로고
    • Shape variation in the Australian freshwater mussel Alathyria jacksoni Iredale (Bivalvia, Hyriidae)
    • Balla SA, Walker KF. 1991. Shape variation in the Australian freshwater mussel Alathyria jacksoni Iredale (Bivalvia, Hyriidae). Hydrobiologia 220 : 89 98.
    • (1991) Hydrobiologia , vol.220 , pp. 89-98
    • Balla, S.A.1    Walker, K.F.2
  • 9
    • 70450244341 scopus 로고
    • The British species of Anodonta Lamarck, and their varieties
    • Bloomer HH. 1938. The British species of Anodonta Lamarck, and their varieties. Journal of Conchology 21 : 33 48.
    • (1938) Journal of Conchology , vol.21 , pp. 33-48
    • Bloomer, H.H.1
  • 10
    • 77957209488 scopus 로고
    • Freshwater bivalve extinctions (Mollusca: Unionoida): A search for causes
    • Bogan AE. 1993. Freshwater bivalve extinctions (Mollusca: Unionoida): a search for causes. American Zoologist 33 : 599 609.
    • (1993) American Zoologist , vol.33 , pp. 599-609
    • Bogan, A.E.1
  • 13
    • 0004252726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge. Cambridge University Press
    • Claassen C. 1998. Shells. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
    • (1998) Shells
    • Claassen, C.1
  • 14
    • 0002537827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Users' manual for programs HANGLE, HMATCH and HCURVE for the fourier shape analysis of two-dimensional outlines
    • Crampton JS, Haines AJ. 1996. Users' manual for programs HANGLE, HMATCH and HCURVE for the Fourier shape analysis of two-dimensional outlines. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Science Report 96/ 37 : 1 28.
    • (1996) Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Science Report , vol.96 , Issue.37 , pp. 1-28
    • Crampton, J.S.1    Haines, A.J.2
  • 15
    • 0000529333 scopus 로고
    • A review of bivalve condition index methodologies with a suggested standard method
    • Crosby MP, Gale LD. 1990. A review of bivalve condition index methodologies with a suggested standard method. Journal of Shellfish Research 9 : 233 239.
    • (1990) Journal of Shellfish Research , vol.9 , pp. 233-239
    • Crosby, M.P.1    Gale, L.D.2
  • 16
    • 0000200118 scopus 로고
    • Lake mussel distribution as determined with SCUBA
    • Cvancara AM. 1972. Lake mussel distribution as determined with SCUBA. Ecology 53 : 154 157.
    • (1972) Ecology , vol.53 , pp. 154-157
    • Cvancara, A.M.1
  • 17
    • 0037643888 scopus 로고
    • Variation in shape of shell with respect to ecological station. A review dealing with recent unionidae and certain species of the anthracosiidae in upper carboniferous times
    • Eagar RMC. 1948. Variation in shape of shell with respect to ecological station. A review dealing with Recent Unionidae and certain species of the Anthracosiidae in Upper Carboniferous times. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B 63 : 130 148.
    • (1948) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B , vol.63 , pp. 130-148
    • Eagar, R.M.C.1
  • 18
    • 3343010032 scopus 로고
    • Variation in shape of shell in relation to palaeoecological station in some non-marine bivalvia of the coal measures of south-east Kentucky and Britain
    • Eagar RMC. 1971. Variation in shape of shell in relation to palaeoecological station in some non-marine Bivalvia of the Coal Measures of south-east Kentucky and Britain. Compte rendu te Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Krefeld 2 : 387 413.
    • (1971) Compte Rendu Te Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Krefeld , vol.2 , pp. 387-413
    • Eagar, R.M.C.1
  • 19
    • 85032069348 scopus 로고
    • Shape of shell of carbonicola in relation to burrowing
    • Eagar RMC. 1974. Shape of shell of Carbonicola in relation to burrowing. Lethaia 7 : 219 238.
    • (1974) Lethaia , vol.7 , pp. 219-238
    • Eagar, R.M.C.1
  • 20
    • 0343539291 scopus 로고
    • Shape of shell in relation to weight of margaritifera margaritifera
    • Eagar RMC. 1977. Shape of shell in relation to weight of Margaritifera margaritifera. Journal of Conchology 29 : 207 218.
    • (1977) Journal of Conchology , vol.29 , pp. 207-218
    • Eagar, R.M.C.1
  • 21
    • 0000698660 scopus 로고
    • Shape and function of the shell: A comparison of some living and fossil bivalve mussels
    • Eagar RMC. 1978. Shape and function of the shell: a comparison of some living and fossil bivalve mussels. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 53 : 169 210.
    • (1978) Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society , vol.53 , pp. 169-210
    • Eagar, R.M.C.1
  • 22
    • 0000151534 scopus 로고
    • Depth distributions determined with SCUBA, and associated studies of the freshwater unionid clams Elliptio complanata and anodonta grandis in Lake Bernard, Ontario
    • Ghent AW, Singer R, Johnson-Singer L. 1978. Depth distributions determined with SCUBA, and associated studies of the freshwater unionid clams Elliptio complanata and Anodonta grandis in Lake Bernard, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology 56 : 1654 1663.
    • (1978) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.56 , pp. 1654-1663
    • Ghent, A.W.1    Singer, R.2    Johnson-Singer, L.3
  • 23
    • 2542534545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic significance of freshwater bivalves in the upper jurassic morrison formation, Western Interior, USA
    • Good SC. 2004. Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic significance of freshwater bivalves in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Western Interior, USA. Sedimentary Geology 167 : 163 176.
    • (2004) Sedimentary Geology , vol.167 , pp. 163-176
    • Good, S.C.1
  • 24
    • 5944251307 scopus 로고
    • Morphological features of certain mussel-shells found in lake Erie, compared with those of the corresponding species found in the drainage of the upper Ohio
    • Grier NM. 1920. Morphological features of certain mussel-shells found in Lake Erie, compared with those of the corresponding species found in the drainage of the Upper Ohio. Annales of the Carnegie Museum 13 : 145 182.
    • (1920) Annales of the Carnegie Museum , vol.13 , pp. 145-182
    • Grier, N.M.1
  • 28
    • 34748886657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis
    • Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologica Electronica 4 : 1 9.
    • (2001) Palaeontologica Electronica , vol.4 , pp. 1-9
    • Hammer Ø1    Harper, D.A.T.2    Ryan, P.D.3
  • 30
    • 41849116078 scopus 로고
    • Die mollusken-fauna von budapest
    • Hazay J. 1881. Die Mollusken-Fauna von Budapest. Malakozoologische Blätter 4 : 132 208.
    • (1881) Malakozoologische Blätter , vol.4 , pp. 132-208
    • Hazay, J.1
  • 31
    • 0002114112 scopus 로고
    • Sexuality and other aspects of reproduction in Anodonta (Pelecypoda: Unionidae)
    • Heard WH. 1975. Sexuality and other aspects of reproduction in Anodonta (Pelecypoda: Unionidae). Malacologia 15 : 81 103.
    • (1975) Malacologia , vol.15 , pp. 81-103
    • Heard, W.H.1
  • 32
    • 70450279810 scopus 로고
    • Freshwater mussels in the ouse and the fosse
    • Hey WC. 1882. Freshwater mussels in the Ouse and the Fosse. Journal of Conchology 3 : 263.
    • (1882) Journal of Conchology , vol.3 , pp. 263
    • Hey, W.C.1
  • 33
    • 2242439432 scopus 로고
    • Within- and among-lake variation in shell morphology of the freshwater clam elliptio complanata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from south-central Ontario lakes
    • Hinch SG, Bailey RC. 1988. Within- and among-lake variation in shell morphology of the freshwater clam Elliptio complanata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from south-central Ontario lakes. Hydrobiologia 157 : 27 32.
    • (1988) Hydrobiologia , vol.157 , pp. 27-32
    • Hinch, S.G.1    Bailey, R.C.2
  • 34
    • 0022856872 scopus 로고
    • Growth of Lampsilis radiata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in sand and mud: A reciprocal transplant experiment
    • Hinch SG, Bailey RC, Green RH. 1986. Growth of Lampsilis radiata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in sand and mud: a reciprocal transplant experiment. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43 : 548 552.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.43 , pp. 548-552
    • Hinch, S.G.1    Bailey, R.C.2    Green, R.H.3
  • 35
    • 0024882790 scopus 로고
    • Morphological variation of Elliptio complanata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in differing sediments of soft-water lakes exposed to acidic deposition
    • Hinch SG, Kelly LJ, Green RH. 1989. Morphological variation of Elliptio complanata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in differing sediments of soft-water lakes exposed to acidic deposition. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67 : 1895 1899.
    • (1989) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.67 , pp. 1895-1899
    • Hinch, S.G.1    Kelly, L.J.2    Green, R.H.3
  • 37
    • 0002210517 scopus 로고
    • Population structure and individual growth of Venerupis pullastra (Montagu) (Lamellibranchia)
    • Johannessen OH. 1973. Population structure and individual growth of Venerupis pullastra (Montagu) (Lamellibranchia). Sarsia 52 : 97 116.
    • (1973) Sarsia , vol.52 , pp. 97-116
    • Johannessen, O.H.1
  • 38
    • 0000071347 scopus 로고
    • Form, function and evolution
    • In. Moore, R.C. ed. Lawrence, KS. Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press
    • Kauffman EG. 1969. Form, function and evolution. In : Moore RC, ed. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology IV. Mollusca, Bivalvia. Lawrence, KS : Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press, N129 N205.
    • (1969) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology IV. Mollusca, Bivalvia.
    • Kauffman, E.G.1
  • 39
  • 40
    • 70450268473 scopus 로고
    • edn. Philadelphia, PA.
    • Lea I. 1870. A synopsis of the family unionidae, 4th edn. Philadelphia, PA.
    • (1870)
    • Lea, I.1
  • 41
    • 70450241851 scopus 로고
    • Contributions á la faune malacologique française. 14. Catalogue des espėces françaises appartenant aix genres Pseudanodonta et Anodonta connues jusqu' á ce jour
    • Locard A. 1890. Contributions á la faune malacologique française. 14. Catalogue des espėces françaises appartenant aix genres Pseudanodonta et Anodonta connues jusqu' á ce jour. Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 36 : 50 285.
    • (1890) Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon , vol.36 , pp. 50-285
    • Locard, A.1
  • 43
    • 70450266511 scopus 로고
    • Studies in morphogenesis of certain Pelecypoda
    • March MC. 1910-1911. Studies in morphogenesis of certain Pelecypoda. Manchester Memoirs 4 : 1 18.
    • (1910) Manchester Memoirs , vol.4 , pp. 1-18
    • March, M.C.1
  • 44
    • 0001470522 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the movement of shells by water
    • Menard HW, Boucot AJ. 1951. Experiments on the movement of shells by water. American Journal of Science 249 : 131 151.
    • (1951) American Journal of Science , vol.249 , pp. 131-151
    • Menard, H.W.1    Boucot, A.J.2
  • 45
    • 0001694890 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative study of growth and reproduction of unionid mussels in the River Thames at Reading
    • Negus CL. 1966. A quantitative study of growth and reproduction of unionid mussels in the River Thames at Reading. Journal of Animal Ecology 35 : 513 532.
    • (1966) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 513-532
    • Negus, C.L.1
  • 46
    • 0040359440 scopus 로고
    • Ecological studies in the natural population of a clam, Tapes japonica, with special reference to seasonal variations in the size and structure of the population and to individual growth
    • Ohba S. 1959. Ecological studies in the natural population of a clam, Tapes japonica, with special reference to seasonal variations in the size and structure of the population and to individual growth. Biological Journal of Okayama University 5 : 13 42.
    • (1959) Biological Journal of Okayama University , vol.5 , pp. 13-42
    • Ohba, S.1
  • 47
    • 0000972070 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of shape and station in freshwater mussels (Naiades)
    • Ortmann AE. 1920. Correlation of shape and station in freshwater mussels (Naiades). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 59 : 268 312.
    • (1920) Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society , vol.59 , pp. 268-312
    • Ortmann, A.E.1
  • 48
    • 70450254208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bethesda, MD. National Institutes of Health, USA. Available at
    • Rasband W. 2008. ImageJ. Image processing and analysis in Java. Bethesda, MD : National Institutes of Health, USA. Available at: http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij
    • (2008) ImageJ. Image Processing and Analysis in Java.
    • Rasband, W.1
  • 49
    • 55349097319 scopus 로고
    • An occurrence of Anodonta (Mollusca, Pelecypoda) in deep water
    • Reigle NJ. 1967. An occurrence of Anodonta (Mollusca, Pelecypoda) in deep water. American Midland Naturalist 78 : 530 531.
    • (1967) American Midland Naturalist , vol.78 , pp. 530-531
    • Reigle, N.J.1
  • 50
    • 0028159915 scopus 로고
    • Population structure, shell morphology, age and condition of the freshwater mussel Hyridella menziesi (Unionacea: Hyriidae) from seven lake and river sites in the Waikato River system
    • Roper DS, Hickey CW. 1994. Population structure, shell morphology, age and condition of the freshwater mussel Hyridella menziesi (Unionacea: Hyriidae) from seven lake and river sites in the Waikato River system. Hydrobiologia 284 : 205 217.
    • (1994) Hydrobiologia , vol.284 , pp. 205-217
    • Roper, D.S.1    Hickey, C.W.2
  • 51
    • 0026451612 scopus 로고
    • Some morphological adaptations in freshwater bivalves
    • Savazzi E, Peiyi Y. 1992. Some morphological adaptations in freshwater bivalves. Lethaia 25 : 195 209.
    • (1992) Lethaia , vol.25 , pp. 195-209
    • Savazzi, E.1    Peiyi, Y.2
  • 52
    • 34547613858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomy, ecology, ecomorphology, and morphodynamics of the Unionoida (Bivalvia) of Lake Malawi (East-Africa)
    • Scholz H. 2003. Taxonomy, ecology, ecomorphology, and morphodynamics of the Unionoida (Bivalvia) of Lake Malawi (East-Africa). Beringeria 33 : 1 86.
    • (2003) Beringeria , vol.33 , pp. 1-86
    • Scholz, H.1
  • 53
    • 34948901446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fourier analysis and the extinction of unionoid bivalves near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary of the Western Interior, USA: Pattern, causes, and ecological significance
    • Scholz H, Hartmann JH. 2007a. Fourier analysis and the extinction of unionoid bivalves near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary of the Western Interior, USA: Pattern, causes, and ecological significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 255 : 48 63.
    • (2007) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.255 , pp. 48-63
    • Scholz, H.1    Hartmann, J.H.2
  • 54
    • 34547629732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek formation of the Williston Basin, Montana, USA: Implications from the quantitative analysis of Unionoid bivalve taxonomic diversity and morphologic disparity
    • Scholz H, Hartmann JH. 2007b. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek formation of the Williston Basin, Montana, USA: Implications from the quantitative analysis of Unionoid bivalve taxonomic diversity and morphologic disparity. Palaios 22 : 24 34.
    • (2007) Palaios , vol.22 , pp. 24-34
    • Scholz, H.1    Hartmann, J.H.2
  • 55
    • 34547643423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unionoid bivalves from the Miocene of Berzdorf (eastern Germany): Taxonomic remarks and implications for palaeoecology and palaeoclimatology
    • Scholz H, Tietz O, Büchner J. 2007. Unionoid bivalves from the Miocene of Berzdorf (eastern Germany): taxonomic remarks and implications for palaeoecology and palaeoclimatology. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 244 : 43 51.
    • (2007) Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen , vol.244 , pp. 43-51
    • Scholz, H.1    Tietz, O.2    Büchner, J.3
  • 56
    • 0002572715 scopus 로고
    • Shell growth and form in the Bivalvia
    • In. Rhoads, D.C. Lutz, R.A. eds. New York, NY. Plenum Press
    • Seed R. 1980. Shell growth and form in the Bivalvia. In : Rhoads DC, Lutz RA, eds. Skeletal growth of aquatic organisms. New York, NY : Plenum Press, 23 67.
    • (1980) Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms. , pp. 23-67
    • Seed, R.1
  • 57
    • 41849136601 scopus 로고
    • Biologische Beobachtungen an Najaden
    • Sell H. 1907-1908. Biologische Beobachtungen an Najaden. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 3 : 179 180.
    • (1907) Archiv für Hydrobiologie , vol.3 , pp. 179-180
    • Sell, H.1
  • 58
    • 11144295085 scopus 로고
    • Relation of shell form to life habits in the Bivalvia (Mollusca)
    • Stanley SM. 1970. Relation of shell form to life habits in the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Memoirs of the Geological Society of America 125 : 1 296.
    • (1970) Memoirs of the Geological Society of America , vol.125 , pp. 1-296
    • Stanley, S.M.1
  • 59
    • 0002304422 scopus 로고
    • Environmental relationships of shell form and structure in Unionacean bivalves
    • In. Rhoads, D.C. Lutz, R.A. eds. New York, NY. Plenum Press
    • Tevesz MJS, Carter JG. 1980. Environmental relationships of shell form and structure in Unionacean bivalves. In : Rhoads DC, Lutz RA, eds. Skeletal growth of aquatic organisms. New York, NY : Plenum Press, 295 322.
    • (1980) Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms. , pp. 295-322
    • Tevesz, M.J.S.1    Carter, J.G.2
  • 60
    • 0001664051 scopus 로고
    • Bivalve mollusks: Fluid dynamics of burrowing
    • Trueman ER. 1966a. Bivalve mollusks: fluid dynamics of burrowing. Science 152 : 523 525.
    • (1966) Science , vol.152 , pp. 523-525
    • Trueman, E.R.1
  • 61
    • 0010835477 scopus 로고
    • The fluid dynamics of the bivalve molluscs Mya and Margaritifera
    • Trueman ER. 1966b. The fluid dynamics of the bivalve molluscs Mya and Margaritifera. Journal of Experimental Biology 45 : 369 382.
    • (1966) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.45 , pp. 369-382
    • Trueman, E.R.1
  • 62
    • 0001327995 scopus 로고
    • The locomotion of the freshwater clam Margaritifera margaritifera (Unionacea: Margaritiferidae)
    • Trueman ER. 1968. The locomotion of the freshwater clam Margaritifera margaritifera (Unionacea: Margaritiferidae). Malacologia 6 : 401 410.
    • (1968) Malacologia , vol.6 , pp. 401-410
    • Trueman, E.R.1
  • 63
    • 0001111219 scopus 로고
    • Studies on Unionidae populations from the Crapina-Jijila complex of pools (Danube zone liable to indulation)
    • Tudorancea C. 1972. Studies on Unionidae populations from the Crapina-Jijila complex of pools (Danube zone liable to indulation). Hydrobiologia 39 : 527 561.
    • (1972) Hydrobiologia , vol.39 , pp. 527-561
    • Tudorancea, C.1
  • 64
    • 84957365741 scopus 로고
    • A new graphic method of describing the growth of animals
    • Walford LA. 1946. A new graphic method of describing the growth of animals. Biological Bulletin 90 : 141 147.
    • (1946) Biological Bulletin , vol.90 , pp. 141-147
    • Walford, L.A.1
  • 65
    • 0002120427 scopus 로고
    • Form and function of unionoidean shell sculpture and shape (Bivalvia)
    • Watters GT. 1994. Form and function of unionoidean shell sculpture and shape (Bivalvia). American Malacological Bulletin 11 : 1 20.
    • (1994) American Malacological Bulletin , vol.11 , pp. 1-20
    • Watters, G.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.