Multisensory anatomical pathways

Hearing Research

Volumn 258, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 28-36

  Cappe, C ^a   Rouiller, E M ^b   Barone, P ^c  

^a Radiology Service   (Switzerland)

^b Program in Neurosciences   (Switzerland)

^c Brain and Cognition Research Center in Toulouse   (France)

Author keywords

Audition; Connections; Cortex; Motor; Thalamus; Touch; Vision

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUDITORY CORTEX; AUDITORY STIMULATION; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HUMAN; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE PROJECTION; NONHUMAN; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULVINAR; SENSORIMOTOR INTEGRATION; SENSORY SYSTEM; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; THALAMOCORTICAL TRACT; THALAMUS NUCLEUS; VISUAL CORTEX; VISUAL FIELD; VISUAL STIMULATION;

AFFERENT PATHWAYS; ANIMALS; AUDITORY CORTEX; BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBRAL CORTEX; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HAPLORHINI; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; MOTOR CORTEX; NEURAL PATHWAYS; THALAMUS;

EID: 70450222939     PISSN: 03785955     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.04.017     Document Type: Article

References (143)

1. Amedi A., Jacobson G., Hendler T., Malach R., and Zohary E. Convergence of visual and tactile shape processing in the human lateral occipital complex. Cereb. Cortex 12 (2002) 1202-1212
2. Amedi A., Stern W.M., Camprodon J.A., Bermpohl F., Merabet L., Rotman S., Hemond C., Meijer P., and Pascual-Leone A. Shape conveyed by visual-to-auditory sensory substitution activates the lateral occipital complex. Nat. Neurosci. 10 (2007) 687-689
3. Andersen R.A., Asanuma C., Essick G., and Siegel R.M. Corticocortical connections of anatomically and physiologically defined subdivisions within the inferior parietal lobule. J. Comp. Neurol. 296 (1990) 65-113
4. Andersen R.A., Snyder L.H., Bradley D.C., and Xing J. Multimodal representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex and its use in planning movements. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 20 (1997) 303-330
5. Avillac M., Ben Hamed S., and Duhamel J.R. Multisensory integration in the ventral intraparietal area of the macaque monkey. J. Neurosci. 27 (2007) 1922-1932
6. Barbas H., and Rempel-Clower N. Cortical structure predicts the pattern of corticocortical connections. Cereb. Cortex 7 (1997) 635-646
7. Barone P., Clarey J.C., Irons W.A., and Imig T.J. Cortical synthesis of azimuth-sensitive single-unit responses with nonmonotonic level tuning: a thalamocortical comparison in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 75 3 (1996) 1206-1220
8. Barth D.S., Goldberg N., Brett B., and Di S. The spatiotemporal organization of auditory, visual, and auditory-visual evoked potentials in rat cortex. Brain Res. 678 (1995) 177-190
9. Batardiere A., Barone P., Dehay C., and Kennedy H. Area- specific laminar distribution of cortical feedback neurons projecting to cat area 17: quantitative analysis in the adult and during ontogeny. J. Comp. Neurol. 396 (1998) 493-510
10. Bavelier D., and Neville H.J. Cross-modal plasticity: where and how?. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3 6 (2002) 443-452
11. Bavelier D., Dye M.W., and Hauser P.C. Do deaf individuals see better?. Trends Cogn. Sci. 10 11 (2006) 512-518
12. Baylis G.C., Rolls E.T., and Leonard C.M. Functional subdivisions of the temporal lobe neocortex. J. Neurosci. 7 (1987) 330-342
13. Bell A.H., Meredith M.A., Van Opstal A.J., and Munoz D.P. Crossmodal integration in the primate superior colliculus underlying the preparation and initiation of saccadic eye movements. J. Neurophysiol. 93 (2005) 3659-3673
14. Besle J., Fort A., Delpuech C., and Giard M.H. Bimodal speech: early suppressive visual effects in human auditory cortex. Eur. J. Neurosci. 20 (2004) 2225-2234
15. Bizley J.K., Nodal F.R., Bajo V.M., Nelken I., and King A.J. Physiological and anatomical evidence for multisensory interactions in auditory cortex. Cereb. Cortex 17 (2007) 2172-2189
16. Bizley J.K., and King A.J. Visual-auditory spatial processing in auditory cortical neurons. Brain Res. 1242 (2008) 24-36
17. Blatt G.J., Andersen R.A., and Stoner G.R. Visual receptive field organization and cortico-cortical connections of the lateral intraparietal area (area LIP) in the macaque. J. Comp. Neurol. 299 (1990) 421-445
18. Boussaoud D., di Pellegrino G., and Wise S.P. Frontal lobe mechanisms subserving vision-for- action versus vision-for-perception. Behav. Brain Res. 72 (1995) 1-15
19. Bremmer F., Klam F., Duhamel J.R., Ben Hamed S., and Graf W. Visual-vestibular interactive responses in the macaque ventral intraparietal area (VIP). Eur. J. Neurosci. 16 (2002) 1569-1586
20. Bruce C., Desimone R., and Gross C.G. Visual properties of neurons in a polysensory area in superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. J. Neurophysiol. 46 (1981) 369-384
21. Buchel C., Price C., and Friston K.A. A multimodal language region in the ventral visual pathway. Nature 394 (1998) 274-277
22. Budinger E., Heil P., Hess A., and Scheich H. Multisensory processing via early cortical stages: connections of the primary auditory cortical field with other sensory systems. Neuroscience 143 (2006) 1065-1083
23. Bullier, J., 2006. In: Leo van Hemmen, J., Sejnowslci, Terrence J. (Eds.), What is Feed Back ? 23 Problems in Systems Neuroscience.
24. Calvert G.A., Brammer M.J., Bullmore E.T., Campbell R., Iversen S.D., and David A.S. Response amplification in sensory-specific cortices during crossmodal binding. Neuroreport 10 (1999) 2619-2623
25. Calvert G.A., Hansen P.C., Iversen S.D., and Brammer M.J. Detection of audio-visual integration sites in humans by application of electrophysiological criteria to the BOLD effect. Neuroimage 14 (2001) 427-438
26. Cappe C., and Barone P. Heteromodal connections supporting multisensory integration at low levels of cortical processing in the monkey. Eur. J. Neurosci. 22 (2005) 2886-2902
27. Cappe C., Morel A., and Rouiller E.M. Thalamocortical and the dual pattern of corticothalamic projections of the posterior parietal cortex in macaque monkeys. Neuroscience 146 (2007) 1371-1387
28. Cappe, C., Loquet, G., Barone, P., Rouiller, E.M., 2007b. Influences of auditory and visual stimuli on neurons in auditory cortical areas in monkeys performing an audio-visual detection task. In: Society for Neuroscience Meeting, San Diego (USA), abstr. 620.18-SS4.
29. Cappe C., Morel A., Barone P., and Rouiller E.M. The thalamocortical projection systems in primate: an anatomical support for multisensory and sensorimotor integrations. Cereb. Cortex (2009) 10.1093/cercor/bhn228
30. Cappe C., Thut G., Romei V., and Murray M.M. Selective integration of auditory-visual looming cues by humans. Neuropsychologia 47 (2009) 1045-1052
31. Clarey J.C., Barone P., Irons W.A., Samson F.K., and Imig T.J. Comparison of noise and tone azimuth tuning of neurons in cat primary auditory cortex and medical geniculate body. J. Neurophysiol. 74 3 (1995) 961-980
32. Cohen Y.E., Russ B.E., and Gifford III G.W. Auditory processing in the posterior parietal cortex. Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev. 4 (2005) 218-231 Review
33. Collins C.E., Lyon D.C., and Kaas J.H. Distribution across cortical areas of neurons projecting to the superior colliculus in new world monkeys. Anat. Rec. A. Discov. Mol. Cell. Evol. Biol. 285 (2005) 619-627
34. Cooke D.F., and Graziano M.S. Defensive movements evoked by air puff in monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 90 (2003) 3317-3329
35. Cooke D.F., and Graziano M.S. Sensorimotor integration in the precentral gyrus: polysensory neurons and defensive movements. J. Neurophysiol. 91 (2004) 1648-1660
36. Crick F., and Koch C. Constraints on cortical and thalamic projections: the no-strong-loops hypothesis. Nature 391 (1998) 245-250
37. Darian-Smith C., Tan A., and Edwards S. Comparing thalamocortical and corticothalamic microstructure and spatial reciprocity in the macaque ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPLc) and medial pulvinar. J. Comp. Neurol. 410 (1999) 211-234
38. de la Mothe L.A., Blumell S., Kajikawa Y., and Hackett T.A. Cortical connections of the auditory cortex in marmoset monkeys: core and medial belt regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 496 (2006) 27-71
39. de la Mothe L.A., Blumell S., Kajikawa Y., and Hackett T.A. Thalamic connections of the auditory cortex in marmoset monkeys: core and medial belt regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 496 (2006) 72-96
40. Driver J., and Noesselt T. Multisensory interplay reveals crossmodal influences on 'sensory-specific' brain regions, neural responses, and judgments. Neuron 57 (2008) 11-23
41. Duhamel J.R., Colby C.L., and Goldberg M.E. Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque: congruent visual and somatic response properties. J. Neurophysiol. 79 (1998) 126-136
42. Falchier A., Clavagnier S., Barone P., and Kennedy H. Anatomical evidence of multimodal integration in primate striate cortex. J. Neurosci. 22 (2002) 5749-5759
43. Feig S., and Harting J.K. Corticocortical communication via the thalamus: Ultrastructural studies of corticothalamic projections from area 17 to the lateral posterior nucleus of the cat and inferior pulvinar nucleus of the owl monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 395 (1998) 281-295
44. Felleman D.J., and Van Essen D.C. Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex 1 (1991) 1-47
45. Fishman M.C., and Michael P. Integration of auditory information in the cat's visual cortex. Vision Res. 13 (1973) 1415-1419
46. Fort A., Delpuech C., Pernier J., and Giard M.H. Dynamics of corticosubcortical cross-modal operations involved in audio-visual object detection in humans. Cereb. Cortex 12 (2002) 1031-1039
47. Foxe J.J., Morocz I.A., Murray M.M., Higgins B.A., Javitt D.C., and Schroeder C.E. Multisensory auditory-somatosensory interactions in early cortical processing revealed by high-density electrical mapping. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 10 (2000) 77-83
48. Fu K.M., Johnston T.A., Shah A.S., Arnold L., Smiley J., Hackett T.A., Garraghty P.E., and Schroeder C.E. Auditory cortical neurons respond to somatosensory stimulation. J Neurosci. 23 (2003) 7510-7515
49. Fuster J.M., Bodner M., and Kroger J.K. Cross-modal and cross-temporal association in neurons of frontal cortex. Nature 405 (2000) 347-351
50. Gaffan D., and Harrison S. Auditory-visual associations, hemispheric specialization and temporal-frontal interaction in the rhesus monkey. Brain 114 (1991) 2133-2144
51. Galletti C., Gamberini M., Kutz D.F., Fattori P., Luppino G., and Matelli M. The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito-parietal network processing visual information. Eur. J. Neurosci. 13 (2001) 1572-1588
52. Gattass R., Oswaldo-Cruz E., and Sousa A.P. Visual receptive fields of units in the pulvinar of cebus monkey. Brain Res. 160 (1979) 413-430
53. Ghazanfar A.A., Maier J.X., Hoffman K.L., and Logothetis N.K. Multisensory integration of dynamic faces and voices in rhesus monkey auditory cortex. J. Neurosci. 25 (2005) 5004-5012
54. Ghazanfar A.A., and Schroeder C.E. Is neocortex essentially multisensory?. Trends Cogn. Sci. 10 (2006) 278-285 Review
55. Giard M.H., and Peronnet F. Auditory-visual integration during multimodal object recognition in humans: a behavioral and electrophysiological study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11 (1999) 473-490
56. Gonchar Y., and Burkhalter A. Differential subcellular localization of forward and feedback interareal inputs to parvalbumin expressing GABAergic neurons in rat visual cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 406 (1999) 346-360
57. Gottlieb J. From thought to action: the parietal cortex as a bridge between perception, action, and cognition. Neuron 53 (2007) 9-16 Review
58. Grant K.W., and Seitz P.F. The use of visible speech cues for improving auditory detection of spoken sentences. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 3 Pt 1 (2000) 1197-1208
59. Graziano M.S.A., and Gross C.G. Spatial maps for the control of movement. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 8 (1998) 195-201
60. Graziano M.S., Cooke D.F., and Taylor C.S. Coding the location of the arm by sight. Science 290 (2000) 1782-1786
61. Graziano M.S. A system of multimodal areas in the primate brain. Neuron 29 (2001) 4-6
62. Gutierrez C., Cola M.G., Seltzer B., and Cusick C. Neurochemical and connectional organization of the dorsal pulvinar complex in monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 419 (2000) 61-86
63. Hackett T.A., Stepniewska I., and Kaas J.H. Thalamocortical connections of the parabelt auditory cortex in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 400 (1998) 271-286
64. Hall A.J., and Lomber S.G. Auditory cortex projections target the peripheral field representation of primary visual cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 190 (2008) 413-430
65. Heffner R.S., and Heffner H.E. Visual factors in sound localization in mammals. J. Comp Neurol. 317 (1992) 219-232
66. Hikosaka K., Iwai E., Saito H., and Tanaka K. Polysensory properties of neurons in the anterior bank of the caudal superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 60 (1988) 1615-1637
67. Huffman K.J., and Krubitzer L. Area 3a: topographic organization and cortical connections in marmoset monkeys. Cereb. Cortex 11 (2001) 849-867
68. Hupé J.M., James A.C., Payne B.R., Lomber S.G., Girard P., and Bullier J. Cortical feedback improves discrimination between figure and background by V1, V2 and V3 neurons. Nature 394 (1998) 784-787
69. Innocenti G.M., Berbel P., and Clarke S. Development of projections from auditory to visual areas in the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 272 (1988) 242-259
70. Johnson P.B., Ferraina S., Bianchi L., and Caminiti R. Cortical networks for visual reaching: physiological and anatomical organization of frontal and parietal lobe arm regions. Cereb. Cortex 6 (1996) 102-119
71. Jones E.G., and Powell T.P. An anatomical study of converging sensory pathways within the cerebral cortex of the monkey. Brain 93 (1970) 793-820
72. Kaas J.H., and Morel A. Connections of visual areas of the upper temporal lobe of owl monkeys: the MT crescent and dorsal and ventral subdivisions of FST. J. Neurosci. 13 (1993) 534-546
73. Kayser C., Petkov C.I., Augath M., and Logothetis N.K. Functional imaging reveals visual modulation of specific fields in auditory cortex. J. Neurosci. 27 (2007) 1824-1835
74. Kayser C., Petkov C.I., and Logothetis N.K. Visual modulation of neurons in auditory cortex. Cereb. Cortex 18 (2008) 1560-1574
75. Kriegstein K.V., Kleinschmidt A., Sterzer P., and Giraud A.L. Interaction of face and voice areas during speaker recognition. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 17 (2005) 367-376
76. Krubitzer L.A., and Kaas J.H. The organization and connections of somatosensory cortex in marmosets. J. Neurosci. 10 (1990) 952-974
77. Lakatos P., Chen C.M., O'Connell M.N., Mills A., and Schroeder C.E. Neuronal oscillations and multisensory interaction in primary auditory cortex. Neuron 53 (2007) 279-292
78. Lehmann S., and Murray M.M. The role of multisensory memories in unisensory object discrimination. Brain. Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 24 (2005) 326-334
79. Lewis J.W., and Van Essen D.C. Corticocortical connections of visual, sensorimotor, and multimodal processing areas in the parietal lobe of the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 428 (2000) 112-137
80. Luppino G., Murata A., Govoni P., and Matelli M. Largely segregated parietofrontal connections linking rostral intraparietal cortex (areas AIP and VIP) and the ventral premotor cortex (areas F5 and F4). Exp. Brain Res. 128 (1999) 181-187
81. Lyon D.C., and Kaas J.H. Connectional and architectonic evidence for dorsal and ventral V3, and dorsomedial area in marmoset monkeys. J. Neurosci. 21 (2001) 249-261
82. Macaluso E., Frith C.D., and Driver J. Modulation of human visual cortex by crossmodal spatial attention. Science 289 (2000) 1206-1208
83. Maier J.X., Neuhoff J.G., Logothetis N.K., and Ghazanfar A.A. Multisensory integration of looming signals by rhesus monkeys. Neuron 43 (2004) 177-181
84. Maier J.X., Chandrasekaran C., and Ghazanfar A.A. Integration of bimodal looming signals through neuronal coherence in the temporal lobe. Curr. Biol. 18 (2008) 963-968
85. Martuzzi R., Murray M.M., Michel C.M., Thiran J.P., Maeder P.P., Clarke S., and Meuli R.A. Multisensory interactions within human primary cortices revealed by BOLD dynamics. Cereb. Cortex 17 (2007) 1672-1679
86. Maunsell J.H., and Van Essen D.C. The connections of the middle temporal visual area (MT) and their relationship to a cortical hierarchy in the macaque monkey. J. Neurosci. 3 (1983) 2563-2586
87. Miller J. Divided attention: evidence for coactivation with redundant signals. Cognit. Psychol. 14 (1982) 247-279
88. Miller L.M., and D'Esposito M. Perceptual fusion and stimulus coincidence in the cross-modal integration of speech. J. Neurosci. 25 (2005) 5884-5893
89. Miller M.W., and Vogt B.A. Direct connections of rat visual cortex with sensory, motor, and association cortices. J. Comp. Neurol. 226 (1984) 184-202
90. Molholm S., Ritter W., Murray M.M., Javitt D.C., Schroeder C.E., and Foxe J.J. Multisensory auditory-visual interactions during early sensory processing in humans: a high-density electrical mapping study. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 14 (2002) 115-128
91. Morel A., Liu J., Wannier T., Jeanmonod D., and Rouiller E.M. Divergence and convergence of thalamocortical projections to premotor and supplementary motor cortex: a multiple tracing study in macaque monkey. Eur. J. Neurosci. 21 (2005) 1007-1029
92. Morrell F. Visual system's view of acoustic space. Nature 238 (1972) 44-46
93. Murray M.M., Molholm S., Michel C.M., Heslenfeld D.J., Ritter W., Javitt D.C., Schroeder C.E., and Foxe J.J. Grabbing your ear: rapid auditory-somatosensory multisensory interactions in low-level sensory cortices are not constrained by stimulus alignment. Cereb. Cortex 15 (2005) 963-974
94. Nascimento-Silva, S., Schroeder, C.E., Hackett, T.A., Ulbert, I., Karmos, G., Smiley, J.F., 2005. Projections from visual area V2 to auditory area Tpt in the superior temporal gyrus. In: Society for Neuroscience Meeting, Washington (USA), abstr. 617.16.
95. Ojima H. Terminal morphology and distribution of corticothalamic fibers originating from layers 5 and 6 of cat primary auditory cortex. Cereb. Cortex 4 (1994) 646-663
96. Palmer S.M., and Rosa M.G. A distinct anatomical network of cortical areas for analysis of motion in far peripheral vision. Eur. J. Neurosci. 24 (2006) 2389-2405
97. Pandya D.N., and Seltzer B. Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 204 (1982) 196-210
98. Raab D.H. Statistical facilitation of simple reaction times. Trans. NY Acad. Sci. 24 (1962) 574-590
99. Rempel-Clower N.L., and Barbas H. The laminar pattern of connections between prefrontal and anterior temporal cortices in the Rhesus monkey is related to cortical structure and function. Cereb. Cortex 10 (2000) 851-865
100. Rockland K.S. Two types of corticopulvinar terminations: round (type 2) and elongate (type 1). J. Comp. Neurol. 368 (1996) 57-87
101. Rockland K.S., and Ojima H. Multisensory convergence in calcarine visual areas in macaque monkey. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 50 (2003) 19-26
102. Romanski L.M., Giguere M., Bates J.F., and Goldman-Rakic P.S. Topographic organization of medial pulvinar connections with the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 379 (1997) 313-332
103. Romanski L.M., Bates J.F., and Goldman-Rakic P.S. Auditory belt and parabelt projections to the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 403 (1999) 141-157
104. Romanski L.M. Representation and integration of auditory and visual stimuli in the primate ventral lateral prefrontal cortex. Cereb. Cortex 17 Suppl. 1 (2007) i61-69
105. Romei V., Murray M.M., Merabet L.B., and Thut G. Occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation has opposing effects on visual and auditory stimulus detection: implications for multisensory interactions. J. Neurosci. 27 (2007) 11465-11472
106. Romei, V., Murray, M.M., Cappe, C., Thut, G., 2008. Looming sounds selectively enhance visual excitability. 9th International Multisensory Research Forum, Hamburg.
107. Rouiller E.M., Tanné J., Moret V., Kermadi I., Boussaoud D., and Welker E. Dual morphology and topography of the corticothalamic terminals originating from the primary, supplementary motor, and dorsal premotor cortical areas in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 396 (1998) 169-185
108. Rouiller E.M., and Welker E. A comparative analysis of the morphology of corticothalamic projections in mammals. Brain Res. Bull. 53 (2000) 727-741
109. Rouiller E.M., Wannier T., and Morel A. The dual pattern of corticothalamic projection of the premotor cortex in macaque monkeys. Thalamus Relat. Syst. 2 (2003) 189-197
110. Rouiller E.M., and Durif C. The dual pattern of corticothalamic projection of the primary auditory cortex in macaque monkey. Neurosci. Lett. 358 (2004) 49-52
111. Russ B.E., Kim A.M., Abrahamsen K.L., Kiringoda R., and Cohen Y.E. Responses of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area to central visual cues. Exp. Brain Res. 174 (2006) 712-727
112. Sadato N., and Hallett M. FMRI occipital activation by tactile stimulation in a blind man. Neurology 52 2 (1999) 423
113. Salin P.A., and Bullier J. Corticocortical connections in the visual system: structure and function. Physiol. Rev. 75 (1995) 107-154
114. Sanchez-Vives M.V., Nowak L.G., Descalzo V.F., Garcia-Velasco J.V., Gallego R., and Berbel P. Crossmodal audio-visual interactions in the primary visual cortex of the visually deprived cat: a physiological and anatomical study. Prog. Brain Res. 155 (2006) 287-311
115. Schall J.D., Morel A., King D.J., and Bullier J. Topography of visual cortex connections with frontal eye field in macaque: convergence and segregation of processing streams. J. Neurosci. 15 (1995) 4464-4487
116. Schlack A., Sterbing-D'Angelo S.J., Hartung K., Hoffmann K.P., and Bremmer F. Multisensory space representations in the macaque ventral intraparietal area. J. Neurosci. 25 (2005) 4616-4625
117. Schroeder C.E., Lindsley R.W., Specht C., Marcovici A., Smiley J.F., and Javitt D.C. Somatosensory input to auditory association cortex in the macaque monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 85 (2001) 1322-1327
118. Schroeder C.E., and Foxe J.J. The timing and laminar profile of converging inputs to multisensory areas of the macaque neocortex. Cognit. Brain Res. 14 (2002) 187-198
119. Schwartz M.L., Dekker J.J., and Goldman-Rakic P.S. Dual mode of corticothalamic synaptic termination in the mediodorsal nucleus of the Rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 309 (1991) 289-304
120. Seltzer B., and Pandya D.N. Parietal, temporal, and occipital projections to cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey: a retrograde tracer study. J. Comp. Neurol. 343 (1994) 445-463
121. Senkowski D., Talsma D., Grigutsch M., Herrmann C.S., and Woldorff M.G. Good times for multisensory integration: effects of the precision of temporal synchrony as revealed by gammaband oscillations. Neuropsychologia 45 (2007) 561-571
122. Sherman S.M., and Guillery R.W. The role of the thalamus in the flow of information to the cortex. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 357 (2002) 1695-1708
123. Sherman S.M., and Guillery R.W. Exploring the Thalamus and its Role in Cortical Function (2005), The MIT press, Cambridge (USA)
124. Sherman S.M. The thalamus is more than just a relay. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 17 (2007) 417-422
125. Shipp S., and Zeki S. The organization of connections between areas V5 and V1 in macaque monkey visual cortex. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1 (1989) 309-332
126. Shipp S., Blanton M., and Zeki S. A visuo-somatomotor pathway through superior parietal cortex in the macaque monkey: cortical connections of areas V6 and V6A. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10 (1998) 3171-3193
127. Shipp S. The functional logic of cortico-pulvinar connections. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 358 (2003) 1605-1624
128. Smiley J.F., Hackett T.A., Ulbert I., Karmas G., Lakatos P., Javitt D.C., and Schroeder C.E. Multisensory convergence in auditory cortex, I. Cortical connections of the caudal superior temporal plane in macaque monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 502 (2007) 894-923
129. Sparks D.L. The brainstem control of saccadic eye movements. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3 (2002) 952-964
130. Sperdin H., Cappe C., Foxe J.J., and Murray M.M. Early, low-level auditory-somatosensory multisensory interactions impact reaction time speed. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 3 (2009) 2 10.3389/neuro.07.002.2009
131. Spinelli D.N., Starr A., and Barrett T.W. Auditory specificity in unit recordings from cat's visual cortex. Exp. Neurol. 22 (1968) 75-84
132. Stein B.E., and Meredith M.A. The Merging of the Senses (1993), MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass
133. Stein B.E. Neural mechanisms for synthesizing sensory information and producing adaptive behaviors. Exp. Brain Res. 123 (1998) 124-135
134. Stepniewska, I., 2004. The Pulvinar Complex. The Primate Visual System. CRC Press, (Chapter 3). pp. 53-79.
135. Tanné-Gariépy J., Rouiller E.M., and Boussaoud D. Parietal inputs to dorsal versus ventral premotor areas in the macaque monkey: evidence for largely segregated visuomotor pathways. Exp. Brain Res. 145 (2002) 91-103
136. Taktakishvili O., Sivan-Loukianova E., Kultas-Ilinsky K., and Ilinsky I.A. Posterior parietal cortex projections to the ventral lateral and some association thalamic nuclei in Macaca mulatta. Brain Res. Bull. 59 (2002) 135-150
137. Van Horn S.C., and Sherman S.M. Differences in projection patterns between large and small corticothalamic terminals. J. Comp. Neurol. 475 (2004) 406-415
138. Wang Y., Celebrini S., Trotter Y., and Barone P. Visuo-auditory interactions in the primary visual cortex of the behaving monkey: electrophysiological evidence. BMC Neurosci. 9 (2008) 79
139. Watanabe J., and Iwai E. Neuronal activity in visual, auditory and polysensory areas in the monkey temporal cortex during visual fixation task. Brain Res. Bull. 26 4 (1991) 583-592
140. Watkins S., Shams L., Tanaka S., Haynes J.D., and Rees G. Sound alters activity in human V1 in association with illusory visual perception. Neuroimage 31 (2006) 1247-1256
141. Welch, R.B., Warren, D.H., 1986. Intersensory interactions. In: Thomas, J.P. (Ed.), Handbook of Perception and Human Performance, vol. I. Sensory Processes and Perception. New York, Wiley. pp. 25-21-25-36.
142. Wise S.P., Boussaoud D., Johnson P.B., and Caminiti R. Premotor and parietal cortex: corticocortical connectivity and combinatorial computations. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 20 (1997) 25-42
143. Yirmiya R., and Hocherman S. Auditory- and movement-related neural activity interact in the pulvinar of the behaving Rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 402 (1987) 93-102