Long-term effects of minimum drinking age laws on past-year alcohol and drug use disorders

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

Volumn 33, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 2180-2190

  Norberg, Karen E ^a,b   Bierut, Laura J ^a   Grucza, Richard A ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Alcohol Abuse; Econometrics; Health Policy; Minimum Drinking Age Laws; Natural Experiment

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENCE; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGE; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOLISM; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; ETHNICITY; EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HISPANIC; HUMAN; LAW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL BACKGROUND; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; TAX; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGE OF ONSET; ALCOHOL DRINKING; ALCOHOLISM; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SEX FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 70450193794     PISSN: 01456008     EISSN: 15300277     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01056.x     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. APA, Washington, DC.
2. Amethyst Initiative. Available at: http://www.ameythstinitiative.org/ statement. Accessed October 2008.
3. Angrist J, Pischke JP (2009) Mostly Harmless Econometrics. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
4. Arellano M (1987) Computing robust standard errors for within-groups estimators. Oxf Bull Econ Stat 49 : 431 434.
5. Associated Press (1996) Louisiana Court Upholds Drinking Age of 21. The New York Times, section A, page 17, July 3, 1996.
6. Barron S, White A, Swartzwelder HS, Bell RL, Rodd ZA, Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL, Levin ED, Rezvani AH, Spear LP (2005) Adolescent vulnerabilities to chronic alcohol or nicotine exposure: findings from rodent models. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29 : 1720 1725.
7. Beer Institute (2008) Brewer's Almanac. Available at: http://www.beerinstitute.org. Accessed October 1, 2008.
8. Birkmayer J, Hemenway D (1999) Minimum-age drinking laws and youth suicide, 1970-1990. Am J Pub Health 89 : 1365 1368.
9. Breslow N, Day N (1980) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol 1: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies. IIARC Scientific Publications No 32, Lyon, France.
10. Carpenter CS, Kloska DD, O'Malley P, Johnston L (2007) Alcohol control policies and youth alcohol consumption: evidence from 28 years of monitoring the future. BE J Econ Anal and Policy 7 (1 25.
11. Chen CM, Yi H, Falk D, Stinson F, Dawson D, Grant B (2006) Alcohol use and Alcohol use Disorders in the United States: Main Findings From the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). US Alcohol Epidemiologic Data Reference Manual, Volume 8, No 1. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD.
12. Cook PJ (2007) Paying the Tab: The Costs and Benefits of Alcohol Control. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ.
13. Cook TD, Campbell DT (1979) Quasi-Experimentation: Design & Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.
14. Cook PJ, Moore MJ (2001) Environment and Persistence in Youthful Drinking Patterns, in Risky Behavior Among Youths: An Economic Analysis (Gruber J ed), pp 375 437. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
15. Crews F, He J, Hodge C (2007) Adolescent cortical development: a critical period of vulnerability for addiction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 86 : 189 199.
16. Day NL, Homish GG (2002) The epidemiology of alcohol use, abuse, and dependence in Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2nd ed Tsuang MT, Tohen M eds), pp 459 477. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
17. Dee TS (1999) State alcohol policies, teen drinking, and traffic fatalities. J Polit Econ 72 : 289 315.
18. DiNardo J, LeMieux T (2001) Alcohol, marijuana and American youth: the unintended consequences of government regulation. J Health Econ 20 : 991 1010.
19. DuMouchel W, Williams AF, Zador PL (1987) Raising the alcohol purchase age: its effect on fatal motor vehicle crashes in twenty-six states. J Legal Stud 16 : 249 266.
20. Glaeser E, Sacerdote B, Scheinkman J (2003) The social multiplier. J Eur Econ Assoc 1 : 345 353.
21. Grant BF, Dawson DA (1997) Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with alcohol abuse and dependence: results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. J Subst Abuse 9 : 103 110.
22. Grant BF, Dawson DA, Hasin DS (2001) The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Version 2. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD.
23. Grant BF, Dawson DA, Stinson FS, Chou SP, Dufour MC, Pickering RP (2004) The 12-month prevalence and trends in DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United States 1991-1992 and 2001-2002. Drug Alcohol Depend 74 : 223 234.
24. Grant BF, Harford TC, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Dufour M, Pickering RP (1994) Prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence: United States, 1992. Alcohol Health Res World 18 : 43 48.
25. Grant BF, Moore TC, Shepard J, Kaplan K (2003) Source and Accuracy Statement: Wave 1 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD.
26. Grant JD, Scherrer JF, Lynskey MT, Lyons Mj, Eisen SA, Tsuang MT, True WR, Bucholz KK (2006) Adolescent alcohol use is a risk factor for adult alcohol and drug dependence: evidence from a twin design. Psychol Med 36 : 109 118.
27. Grossman M, Chaloupka FJ, Saffer H (2002) The effects of price on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Alcohol Res Health 26 : 22 34.
28. Grucza RA, Norberg KE, Bucholz KK, Bierut LJ (2008) Correspondence between secular changes in alcohol dependence and age of drinking onset among women in the United States. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32 : 1493 1501.
29. Hingson RW, Heeren T, Winter MR (2006) Age at drinking onset and alcohol dependence: age at onset, duration, and severity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 160 : 739 746.
30. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (1989) Applied Logistic Regression. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.
31. Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JB, Schulenber JE (2008) Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug use, 1975-2004. Volume II: College Students and Adults Ages 19-45 (NIH Publication No 08-6418B). National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD.
32. Kalbfleisch JD, Sprott DA (1970) Application of likelihood methods to models involving large numbers of parameters (with discussion). J R Statist Soc B 32 : 175 208.
33. Kremer M, Levy D (2008) Peer effects and alcohol use among college students. J Econ Perspect 22 : 189 206.
34. Kyprie K, Voas RB, Langley JD, Stephenson SCR, Begg DJ, Tippetts AS, Davie GS (2006) Minimum purchase age for alcohol and traffic crash injuries among 15- to 19-year-olds in New Zealand. Am J Pub Health 96 : 126 131.
35. Lenroot RK, Giedd JN (2006) Brain development in children and adolescents: insights from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 30 : 718 729.
36. Liang KY, Zeger SL (1986) Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73 : 13 22.
37. Liu I, Blacker DL, Xu R, Fitzmaurice G, Lyons ML, Tsuang MT (2004) Genetic and environmental contributions to the development of alcohol dependence in male twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61 : 897 903. (Pubitemid 39181079)
38. McGue M, Iacono WG (2008) The adolescent origins of substance use disorders. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 17 (Suppl 1) : S30 S38.
39. Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL (2004) Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 291 : 1238 1245.
40. Moore M, Cook PJ (1995) Habit and Heterogeneity in the Youthful Demand for Alcohol. NBER working paper No 5152, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
41. NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 2006) U.S. Alcohol Epidemiologic Data Reference Manual 8 (1) NIH, Bethesda, MD.
42. NIAAA APIS (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Policy Information System 2009) Alcohol Policy Information System. Available at: http://www.alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/. Accessed August 31, 2009.
43. O'Malley P, Wagenaar A (1991) Effects of minimum drinking age laws on alcohol use, related behavior and traffic crash involvement among American youth. J Stud Alcohol 52 : 478 491.
44. Pacula RL (1997) Women and substance use: are women less susceptible to addiction? Am Econ Rev 87 : 454 459.
45. Pautassi RM, Myers M, Spear LP, Molina JC, Spear NE (2008) Adolescent but not adult rats exhibit ethanol-mediated appetitive second-order conditioning. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32 : 2016 2027.
46. Ponicki WR (2004) Statewide Availability Data System II: 1933-2003. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Research Center Grant P60-AA006282-23. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA.
47. Ponicki WR, Gruenwald P, LaScala EA (2007) Joint impacts of minimum legal drinking age and beer taxes on us youth traffic fatalities, 1975 to 2001. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31 : 804 813.
48. Prescott CA, Kendler KS (1999) Age at first drink and risk for alcoholism: a noncausal association. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23 : 101 107.
49. Rehm J, Room R, Graham K, Monteiro M, Gmel G, Sempos CT (2003) The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: an overview. Addiction 98 : 1209 1228. (Pubitemid 37082815)
50. Robins L, Przybeck TR (1985) Age of onset of drug use as a factor in drug and other disorders, in Etiology of Drug Abuse: Implications for Prevention (Jones CL, Battjes RJ eds), pp 178 192. US Dept of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. NIDA Research Monogram 56.
51. Ruggles S, Sobek M, Alexander T, Fitch C, Goeken R, Hall PK, King M, Ronnander C (2008). Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 4.0 [Machine-Readable Database]. Minnesota Population Center, Minneapolis, MN [producer and distributor]. Available at: http://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
52. Scharnberg K (2008) States weighing lower age to drink, Chicago Tribune, March 9, 2008.
53. Schults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, Nichols JL, Alao MO (2001) Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Am J Prev Med 21 (4 Suppl. 1 66 88.
54. Stata Corporation (2007) STATA (Computer Program) Version 10. Stata Corporation, College Station, TX.
55. Tambour S, Brown L, Crabbe J (2008) Gender and age at drinking onset affect voluntary alcohol consumption but neither the alcohol deprivation effect nor the response to stress in mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32 : 2100 2106.
56. Vetter CS, Doremus-Fitzwater TL, Spear LP (2007) Time course of elevated ethanol intake in adolescent relative to adult rats under continuous, voluntary-access conditions. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31 : 1159 1168.
57. Wagenaar AC (1981/1982) Legal minimum drinking age changes in the United States: 1970-1981. Alcohol Health Res World 6 (2) : 21 26.
58. Wagenaar AC, Toomey TL (2002) Effects of minimum drinking age laws: review and analyses of the literature from 1960 to 2000. J Stud Alcohol Suppl 14 206 225.
59. Wechsler H, Sands E (1980) Minimum-age laws and youthful drinking: an introduction, in Minimum Drinking Age Laws (Wechsler H ed pp 1 10. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
60. WHO (World Health Organization 2002) World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.