A graded association of exercise capacity and all-cause mortality in males with high-normal blood pressure

Blood Pressure

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 261-267

  Kokkinos, Peter ^a,b,c   Doumas, Michael ^a,c   Myers, Jonathan ^d,e   Faselis, Charles ^a,c   Manolis, Athanasios ^a,f   Pittaras, Andreas ^a   Kokkinos, John Peter ^a,c   Papademetriou, Vasilios ^a,b   Singh, Steven ^a,b   Fletcher, Ross D ^a,b  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^d VA PALO ALTO HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^e STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f Asklepeion Hospital   (Greece)

Author keywords

All cause mortality; Exercise capacity; Fi tness; High normal blood pressure

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CIGARETTE SMOKING; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; FITNESS; FOLLOW UP; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MALE; MORTALITY; NORMAL HUMAN; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REST; RISK REDUCTION; SURVIVAL; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

AGED; BLOOD PRESSURE; EXERCISE TEST; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; PHYSICAL FITNESS; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 70450186216     PISSN: 08037051     EISSN: 16511999     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08037050903272859     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. -2007 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens. 2007;25:1105-1187.
2. Chobanian AV, B akris GL, B lack HR, C ushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206-1252.
3. Hypertension: Management of hypertension in adults in primary care NICE/BHS. June 2006. www.nice.org.uk/CG034. Accessed on June 9, 2009.
4. -2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens. 2003;21:1011-1053.
5. Top 10 papers published. T he Scientist. 2 005;19:26.
6. MacMahon S, P eto R, Cutler J, Collins R, Sorlie P, Neaton J, et al. Blood pressure, stroke and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: Prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990;335:765-774.
7. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specifi c relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903-1913.
8. Vasan RS, L arson MG, Leip EP, E vans JC, O 'Donnell CJ, Kannel WB, et al. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Eng J Med. 2001; 345:1291-1297.
9. Vasan RS, B eiser A, Seshadri S, L arson MG, K annel WB, D'Agostino RB, Levy D. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 2002;287:1003-1010. (Pubitemid 34252058)
10. Vasan RS, L arson MG, Leip EP, K annel WB, Levy D. A ssessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in nonhypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: A cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358:1682-1686.
11. Mancia G, B ombelli M, C orrao G, F acchetti R, Madotto F, Giannattasio C, et al. Metabolic syndrome in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study: Daily life blood pressure, cardiac damage, and prognosis. Hypertension. 2007;49:40-47.
12. Julius S, N esbitt SD, E gan BM, W eber MA, M ichelson EL, Kaciroti N, et al. Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Investigators. Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Eng J Med. 2006; 354:1685-1697.
13. Luders S, S chrader J, B erger J, U nger T, Z idek W, B öhm M, et al. The PHARAO study: Prevention of hypertension with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril in patients with high normal blood pressure - A prospective, randomized, controlled prevention trial of the German Hypertension league. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1487-1496.
14. Blair SN, Goodyear NN, Gibbons LW, C ooper KH. Physical fitness and incidence of hypertension in healthy normotensive men and women. JAMA. 1984;252:487-490.
15. Paffenbarger RS J r, Wing AL, H yde RT, Jung DL. P hysical activity and incidence of hypertension in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol. 1983;117:245-257.
16. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group: National high blood pressure education program working group on prevention of hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:186-208.
17. World Hypertension League: Physical exercise in the management of hypertension: A consensus statement by the world hypertension league. J Hypertens. 1991;9:283-287.
18. Myers J, P rakash M, Froelicher V, D o D, Partington S, Atwood JE. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Eng J Med. 2002;346: 793-801. (Pubitemid 34987553)
19. Kokkinos P, M yers J, K okkinos JP, P ittaras A, N arayan P, Manolis A, et al. Exercise capacity and mortality in black and white men. Circulation. 2008;117:614-622.
20. Kokkinos P, Manolis A, Pittaras A, D oumas M, Giannelou A, Panagiotakos DB, et al. Exercise capacity and mortality in hypertensive men with and without additional risk factors. Hypertension. 2009;53:494-499.
21. Kokkinos P, M yers J, N ylen E, P anagiotakos DB, M anolis A, Pittaras A, et al. Exercise capacity and all-cause mortality in African American and Caucasian men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:623-628.
22. Sandvik L, Erikssen I, T haulow E, E rikssen G, M undal R, Rodahl K. Physical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norwegian men. N Eng J Med. 1993; 328:533-537. (Pubitemid 23053829)
23. Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, B ricker JT, for the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). ACC/AHA. 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: Summary article: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). Circulation. 2002;106:1883-1892.
24. Myers J, B uchanan N, W alsh D, Kraemer M, M cAuley P, Hamilton-Wessler M, et al. Comparison of the ramp versus standard exercise protocols. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17: 1334-1342.
25. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 6th ed. Baltimore MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
26. Foster C, J ackson AS, Pollock ML, T aylor MM, Hare J, Sennett SM, et al. Generalized equations for predicting functional capacity from treadmill performance. Am Heart J. 1984;107:1229-1234.
27. Morris CK, M yers J, F roelicher VF, K awaguchi T, U eshima K, Hideg A. Nomogram based on metabolic equivalents and age for assessing aerobic exercise capacity in men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:175-182.
28. Boyle CA, D ecoufl e P. National sources of vital status information: Extent of coverage and possible selectivity in reporting. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;131:160-168.
29. Gulati M, P andley DK, A rnsdorf MF, L auderdale DS, T histed RA, Wicklund RH, et al. Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: The St James Women Take Heart Project. Circulation. 2003;108:1554-1559.
30. Andersen RE, B lair SN, Cheskin LJ, B arlett SJ. Encouraging patients to become more physically active: The physician's role. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:395-400.
31. Lauer MS, B lackstone EH, Y oung JB, T opol EJ. C ause of death in clinical research: Time for a reassessment? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:618-620.