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For reduction potentials of Li
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7
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34848856400
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2: See reference 1.
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5 the stabilization due to ion-pairing equilibria of the dissolved species, the solvent, the concentration and the temperature, all of which can be further complicated by the appearance of new phases. Disproportionation equilibria are profoundly affected by the medium (e.g., by small changes in the solvent; ), and the complex kinetics inherent to heterogeneous ET processes on metal surfaces along with the intrinsic high reactivity of the species involved makes difficult the determination of the actual composition of the reaction media.
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5 the stabilization due to ion-pairing equilibria of the dissolved species, the solvent, the concentration and the temperature, all of which can be further complicated by the appearance of new phases. Disproportionation equilibria are profoundly affected by the medium (e.g., by small changes in the solvent;. Levin G., Holloway B.E., and Szwarc M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98 (1976) 5706-5709 ), and the complex kinetics inherent to heterogeneous ET processes on metal surfaces along with the intrinsic high reactivity of the species involved makes difficult the determination of the actual composition of the reaction media. For all this, in addition to spectroscopic claims, we included available electrochemical data on the generation of biphenyl dianion, so the arguments concerning the generation and stability of some of these highly reduced species do not rest exclusively on spectroscopic grounds
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The reaction has an identical outcome in the case of secondary alkyl fluorides, affording products 5a-e, while the regiochemistry of alkylation switches to 4-alkyl-3-substituted-1,4-dihydrobiphenyls (6a-c) for tertiary alkyl fluorides, which are obtained in lower yields. As a whole, it should be emphasized that using this methodology biphenyl is partially dearomatized and doubly derivatized in a one pot reaction.
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