Iatrogenic bile duct injuries: Etiology, diagnosis and management

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 15, Issue 33, 2009, Pages 4097-4104

  Jabłońska, Beata ^a   Lampe, Paweł ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA   (Poland)

Author keywords

Bile ducts; Biliary drainage; Cholecystectomy; Iatrogenic disease; Roux en Y anastomosis; Surgical anastomosis; Surgical injuries

Indexed keywords

ANASTOMOSIS DEHISCENCE; BILE DUCT INJURY; BILE DUCT RECONSTRUCTION; BILIARY CIRRHOSIS; BILIARY TRACT DRAINAGE; BISMUTH SCALE; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; ENDOSCOPIC THERAPY; HEPATOJEJUNOSTOMY; HUMAN; IATROGENIC BILE DUCT INJURY; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; PATHOGENESIS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; RADIODIAGNOSIS; REVIEW; ROUX EN Y HEPATICOJEJUNOSTOMY; SCORING SYSTEM; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TERBLANCHE SCALE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; BILE DUCT; BILIARY TRACT SURGERY; EDITORIAL; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INJURY; ROUX Y ANASTOMOSIS;

ANASTOMOSIS, ROUX-EN-Y; BILE DUCTS; BILIARY TRACT SURGICAL PROCEDURES; CHOLECYSTECTOMY, LAPAROSCOPIC; HUMANS; IATROGENIC DISEASE;

EID: 70449720863     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.4097     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Archer SB, Brown DW, Smith CD, Branum GD, Hunter JG. Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of a national survey. Ann Surg 2001; 234: 549-558; discussion 558-559
2. Negi SS, Sakhuja P, Malhotra V, Chaudhary A. Factors predicting advanced hepatic fibrosis in patients with postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 299-303 (Pubitemid 38282673)
3. Pellegrini CA, Thomas MJ, Way LW. Recurrent biliary stricture. Patterns of recurrence and outcome of surgical therapy. Am J Surg 1984; 147: 175-180
4. Tocchi A, Mazzoni G, Liotta G, Costa G, Lepre L, Miccini M, De Masi E, Lamazza MA, Fiori E. Management of benign biliary strictures: biliary enteric anastomosis vs endoscopic stenting. Arch Surg 2000; 135: 153-157 (Pubitemid 30078466)
5. Davids PH, Tanka AK, Rauws EA, van Gulik TM, van Leeuwen DJ, de Wit LT, Verbeek PC, Huibregtse K, van der Heyde MN, Tytgat GN. Benign biliary strictures. Surgery or endoscopy? Ann Surg 1993; 217: 237-243 (Pubitemid 23102779)
6. Beal JM. Historical perspective of gallstone disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1984; 158: 181-189
7. Braasch JW. Historical perspectives of biliary tract injuries. Surg Clin North Am 1994; 74: 731-740
8. Hardy KJ. Carl Langenbuch and the Lazarus Hospital: events and circumstances surrounding the first cholecystectomy. Aust N Z J Surg 1993; 63: 56-64
9. van Gulik TM. Langenbuch's cholecystectomy, once a remarkably controversial operation. Neth J Surg 1986; 38: 138-141
10. Górka Z, Ziaja K, Nowak J, Lampe P, Wojtyczka A. Biliary handicap. Pol Przeg Chir 1992; 64: 969-976
11. Blumgart LH. Hilar and intrahepatic biliary enteric anastomosis. Surg Clin North Am 1994; 74: 845-863
12. Yeo CJ, Lillemoe KD, Ahrendt SA, Pitt HA. Operative management of strictures and benign obstructive disorders of the bile duct. In: Zuidema GD, Yeo CJ, Orringer MB, editors. Shackelford's surgery of the alimentary tract, Vol 3. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2002: 247-261
13. Jarnagin WR, Blumgart LH. Benign biliary strictures. In: Blumgart LH, Fong Y, editors. Surgery of the liver and biliary tract. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2002: 895-929
14. McMahon AJ, Fullarton G, Baxter JN, O'Dwyer PJ. Bile duct injury and bile leakage in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1995; 82: 307-313
15. Strasberg SM, Hertl M, Soper NJ. An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 180: 101-125
16. Shea JA, Healey MJ, Berlin JA, Clarke JR, Malet PF, Staroscik RN, Schwartz JS, Williams SV. Mortality and complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A metaanalysis. Ann Surg 1996; 224: 609-620 (Pubitemid 26384884)
17. Targarona EM, Marco C, Balagué C, Rodriguez J, Cugat E, Hoyuela C, Veloso E, Trias M. How, when, and why bile duct injury occurs. A comparison between open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 1998; 12: 322-326 (Pubitemid 128527425)
18. Lillemoe KD, Melton GB, Cameron JL, Pitt HA, Campbell KA, Talamini MA, Sauter PA, Coleman J, Yeo CJ. Postoperative bile duct strictures: management and outcome in the 1990s. Ann Surg 2000; 232: 430-441 (Pubitemid 30677831)
19. Gazzaniga GM, Filauro M, Mori L. Surgical treatment of iatrogenic lesions of the proximal common bile duct. World J Surg 2001; 25: 1254-1259 (Pubitemid 32952570)
20. Savar A, Carmody I, Hiatt JR, Busuttil RW. Laparoscopic bile duct injuries: management at a tertiary liver center. Am Surg 2004; 70: 906-909
21. Moore DE, Feurer ID, Holzman MD, Wudel LJ, Strickland C, Gorden DL, Chari R, Wright JK, Pinson CW. Longterm detrimental effect of bile duct injury on health-related quality of life. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 476-481; discussion 481-482
22. Misra S, Melton GB, Geschwind JF, Venbrux AC, Cameron JL, Lillemoe KD. Percutaneous management of bile duct strictures and injuries associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a decade of experience. J Am Coll Surg 2004; 198: 218-226 (Pubitemid 38175237)
23. Gentileschi P, Di Paola M, Catarci M, Santoro E, Montemurro L, Carlini M, Nanni E, Alessandroni L, Angeloni R, Benini B, Cristini F, Dalla Torre A, De Stefano C, Gatto A, Gossetti F, Manfroni S, Mascagni P, Masoni L, Montalto G, Polito D, Puce E, Silecchia G, Terenzi A, Valle M, Vita S, Zanarini T. Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a 1994-2001 audit on 13,718 operations in the area of Rome. Surg Endosc 2004; 18: 232-236
24. Kaman L, Sanyal S, Behera A, Singh R, Katariya RN. Comparison of major bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy. ANZ J Surg 2006; 76: 788-791 (Pubitemid 44222312)
25. Connor S, Garden OJ. Bile duct injury in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 2006; 93: 158-168 (Pubitemid 43259599)
26. Flum DR, Cheadle A, Prela C, Dellinger EP, Chan L. Bile duct injury during cholecystectomy and survival in medicare beneficiaries. JAMA 2003; 290: 2168-2173 (Pubitemid 37432977)
27. Schmidt SC, Settmacher U, Langrehr JM, Neuhaus P. Management and outcome of patients with combined bile duct and hepatic arterial injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery 2004; 135: 613-618 (Pubitemid 38879344)
28. Koffron A, Ferrario M, Parsons W, Nemcek A, Saker M, Abecassis M. Failed primary management of iatrogenic biliary injury: incidence and significance of concomitant hepatic arterial disruption. Surgery 2001; 130: 722-728; discussion 728-731
29. Buell JF, Cronin DC, Funaki B, Koffron A, Yoshida A, Lo A, Leef J, Millis JM. Devastating and fatal complications associated with combined vascular and bile duct injuries during cholecystectomy. Arch Surg 2002; 137: 703-708; discussion 708-710 (Pubitemid 34603016)
30. Jabłońska B. The arterial blood supply of the extrahepatic biliary tract - surgical aspects. Pol J Surg 2008; 80: 336-342
31. Hall JG, Pappas TN. Current management of biliary strictures. J Gastrointest Surg 2004; 8: 1098-1110
32. Sikora SS, Pottakkat B, Srikanth G, Kumar A, Saxena R, Kapoor VK. Postcholecystectomy benign biliary strictures - long-term results. Dig Surg 2006; 23: 304-312 (Pubitemid 46269277)
33. De Wit LT, Rauws EA, Gouma DJ. Surgical management of iatrogenic bile duct injury. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1999; 230: 89-94 (Pubitemid 29434516)
34. Gouma DJ, Obertop H. Management of bile duct injuries: treatment and long-term results. Dig Surg 2002; 19: 117-122 (Pubitemid 34458057)
35. Bismuth H, Majno PE. Biliary strictures: classification based on the principles of surgical treatment. World J Surg 2001; 25: 1241-1244 (Pubitemid 32952567)
36. Murr MM, Gigot JF, Nagorney DM, Harmsen WS, Ilstrup DM, Farnell MB. Long-term results of biliary reconstruction after laparoscopic bile duct injuries. Arch Surg 1999; 134: 604-609; discussion 609-610
37. Mattox KL, Feliciano DV, Moore EE. Trauma. 3rd ed. Stamford, CT: Applenton&Lange, 1996: 515-519
38. Stewart L, Way LW. Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Factors that influence the results of treatment. Arch Surg 1995; 130: 1123-1128; discussion 1129
39. Bektas H, Schrem H, Winny M, Klempnauer J. Surgical treatment and outcome of iatrogenic bile duct lesions after cholecystectomy and the impact of different clinical classification systems. Br J Surg 2007; 94: 1119-1127 (Pubitemid 350082859)
40. Pitt HA, Kaufman SL, Coleman J, White RI, Cameron JL. Benign postoperative biliary strictures. Operate or dilate? Ann Surg 1989; 210: 417-425; discussion 426-427 (Pubitemid 19242604)
41. Vitale GC, Tran TC, Davis BR, Vitale M, Vitale D, Larson G. Endoscopic management of postcholecystectomy bile duct strictures. J Am Coll Surg 2008; 206: 918-923; discussion 924-925
42. Sicklick JK, Camp MS, Lillemoe KD, Melton GB, Yeo CJ, Campbell KA, Talamini MA, Pitt HA, Coleman J, Sauter PA, Cameron JL. Surgical management of bile duct injuries sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: perioperative results in 200 patients. Ann Surg 2005; 241: 786-792; discussion 793-795
43. Tocchi A, Costa G, Lepre L, Liotta G, Mazzoni G, Sita A. The long-term outcome of hepaticojejunostomy in the treatment of benign bile duct strictures. Ann Surg 1996; 224: 162-167
44. Ahrendt SA, Pitt HA. Surgical therapy of iatrogenic lesions of biliary tract. World J Surg 2001; 25: 1360-1365
45. Terblanche J, Worthley CS, Spence RA, Krige JE. High or low hepaticojejunostomy for bile duct strictures? Surgery 1990; 108: 828-834
46. Chaudhary A, Chandra A, Negi SS, Sachdev A. Reoperative surgery for postcholecystectomy bile duct injuries. Dig Surg 2002; 19: 22-27
47. Thethy S, Thomson BNj, Pleass H, Wigmore SJ, Madhavan K, Akyol M, Forsythe JL, James Garden O. Management of biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2004; 18: 647-653
48. Jabłońska1 B, Lampe1 P, Olakowski1 M, Lekstan1 A, Górka Z. Surgical treatment of iatrogenic biliary injuries - early complications. Pol J Surg 2008; 80: 299-305
49. Jabłońska B, Lampe P, Olakowski M, Górka Z, Lekstan A, Gruszka T. Hepaticojejunostomy vs. end-to-end biliary reconstructions in the treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injuries. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13: 1084-1093
50. Rudnicki M, McFadden DW, Sheriff S, Fischer JE. Rouxen- Y jejunal bypass abolishes postprandial neuropeptide Y release. J Surg Res 1992; 53: 7-11
51. Nielsen ML, Jensen SL, Malmstrøm J, Nielsen OV. Gastrin and gastric acid secretion in hepaticojejunostomy Rouxen- Y. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1980; 150: 61-64 (Pubitemid 10211725)
52. Imamura M, Takahashi M, Sasaki I, Yamauchi H, Sato T. Effects of the pathway of bile flow on the digestion of fat and the release of gastrointestinal hormones. Am J Gastroenterol 1988; 83: 386-392 (Pubitemid 18127394)
53. Barker EM, Winkler M. Permanent-access hepaticojejunostomy. Br J Surg 1984; 71: 188-191
54. Górka Z, Ziaja K, Wojtyczka A, Kabat J, Nowak J. End-toend anastomosis as a method of choice in surgical treatment of selected cases of biliary handicap. Pol J Surg 1992; 64: 977-979
55. Tocchi A, Mazzoni G, Liotta G, Lepre L, Cassini D, Miccini M. Late development of bile duct cancer in patients who had biliary-enteric drainage for benign disease: a follow- up study of more than 1,000 patients. Ann Surg 2001; 234: 210-214 (Pubitemid 32729428)
56. Wheeler ES, Longmire WP Jr. Repair of benign stricture of the common bi le duc t by jejunal interpos i t ion choledochoduodenostomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1978; 146: 260-262
57. Wexler MJ, Smith R. Jejunal mucosal graft: a sutureless technic for repair of high bile duct strictures. Am J Surg 1975; 129: 204-211
58. Smith R. Hepaticojejunostomy with transhepatic intubation: a technique for very high strictures of the hepatic ducts. Br J Surg 1964; 51: 186-194
59. Jarnagin WR, Blumgart LH. Operative repair of bile duct injuries involving the hepatic duct confluence. Arch Surg 1999; 134: 769-775
60. Warren KW, Jefferson MF. Prevention and repair of strictures of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Surg Clin North Am 1973; 53: 1169-1190
61. Schmidt SC, Langrehr JM, Hintze RE, Neuhaus P. Long-term results and risk factors influencing outcome of major bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 2005; 92: 76-82 (Pubitemid 40144198)
62. Robinson TN, Stiegmann GV, Durham JD, Johnson SI, Wachs ME, Serra AD, Kumpe DA. Management of major bile duct injury associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2001; 15: 1381-1385 (Pubitemid 33123881)
63. Mercado MA, Chan C, Orozco H, Cano-Gutiérrez G, Chaparro JM, Galindo E, Vilatobá M, Samaniego-Arvizu G. To stent or not to stent bilioenteric anastomosis after iatrogenic injury: a dilemma not answered? Arch Surg 2002; 137: 60-63 (Pubitemid 34041821)
64. Lillemoe KD, Martin SA, Cameron JL, Yeo CJ, Talamini MA, Kaushal S, Coleman J, Venbrux AC, Savader SJ, Osterman FA, Pitt HA. Major bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Follow-up after combined surgical and radiologic management. Ann Surg 1997; 225: 459-468; discussion 468-471 (Pubitemid 28079095)
65. Bismuth H, Franco D, Corlette MB, Hepp J. Long term results of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1978; 146: 161-167 (Pubitemid 8266323)
66. McDonald ML, Farnell MB, Nagorney DM, Ilstrup DM, Kutch JM. Benign biliary strictures: repair and outcome with a contemporary approach. Surgery 1995; 118: 582-590; discussion 590-591
67. Pitt HA, Miyamoto T, Parapatis SK, Tompkins RK, Longmire WP Jr. Factors influencing outcome in patients with postoperative biliary strictures. Am J Surg 1982; 144: 14-21 (Pubitemid 12093156)
68. Nielubowicz J, Olszewski K, Szostek M. [Reconstructive bile tract surgery ] Pol Przegl Chir 1973; 45: 1389-1395
69. Lygidakis NJ, Brummelkamp WH. Surgical management of proximal benign biliary strictures. Acta Chir Scand 1986; 152: 367-371 (Pubitemid 16036567)
70. Muñoz R, Cárdenas S. Thirty years' experience with biliary tract reconstruction by hepaticoenterostomy and transhepatic T tube. Am J Surg 1990; 159: 405-410 (Pubitemid 20122244)