메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 38-54

North American transnational youth gangs: Breaking the chain of violence

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 70449719952     PISSN: 10844791     EISSN: 19364830     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12117-005-1003-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 84873552106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central America Creates Security Force
    • Associated Press, March 3, 2005 at, (March 3, 2005)
    • Associated Press, "Central America Creates Security Force," The Miami Herald, March 3, 2005 at www. miami. com/mld/miamiherald/news/world/americas/11045143. htm (March 3, 2005).
    • The Miami Herald
  • 4
    • 84873545894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Mexico's Trail of Tears
    • May 14, (December 17, 2004)
    • Borden, Tessie, "S. Mexico's Trail of Tears," Arizona Republic, May 14, 2003, atwww. azcentral. com/ specials/special4I/articles/ 0514southernborder. html (December 17, 2004).
    • (2003) Arizona Republic
    • Borden, T.1
  • 7
    • 84873532069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central American Gang May Have Presence in EP
    • January 3, (January 3, 2005)
    • Borunda, Daniel, "Central American Gang May Have Presence in EP," El Paso Times, January 3, 2005, at www. borderlandnews. com/stories/borderland/20050103-7469. shtml (January 3, 2005).
    • (2005) El Paso Times
    • Borunda, D.1
  • 8
    • 0034938827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problem-Oriented Policing, Deterrence, and{parallel with horizontal stroke}th Violence: An Evaluation of Boston's Operation Ceasefire
    • Braga, Anthony A., David M. Kennedy, Elin J. Warring, and Anne Morrison Piehl, "Problem-Oriented Policing, Deterrence, and{parallel with horizontal stroke}th Violence: An Evaluation of Boston's Operation Ceasefire," Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Vol. 38, No. 3 (2001).
    • (2001) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.38 , Issue.3
    • Braga, A.A.1    David, M.2    Kennedy, E.J.3    Warring4    Anne Morrison, P.5
  • 11
    • 0013294184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • February 2, (March 9, 2005)
    • Bush, George W, "State of the Union Address," February 2, 2005, at www. whitehouse. gov/news/ releases/2005/02/20050202-11. html (March 9, 2005).
    • (2005) State of the Union Address
    • Bush, G.W.1
  • 12
    • 84873541876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire in Honduran Prison Kills 103
    • May 18
    • Cuevas, Freddy, "Fire in Honduran Prison Kills 103," The Washington Post, May 18, 2004.
    • (2004) The Washington Post
    • Cuevas, F.1
  • 13
    • 26644443067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, 2003 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 2004), at uscis. gov/graphics/ shared/ aboutus/statistics/2003 Yearbookpdf (March 8, 2005).
    • (2004) 2003 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics
  • 14
    • 84873549606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dura lucha contra los maras en El Salvador
    • EFE Newswire, September 14, (September 14, 2004)
    • EFE Newswire, "Dura lucha contra los maras en El Salvador," el Nuevo Herald, September 14, 2004, at www. miami. com/mld/ elnuevo/news/world/americas/9655243. htm (September 14, 2004).
    • (2004) Nuevo Herald
  • 15
    • 19744363267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent Patterns of Gang Problems in the United States: Results from the 1996-2002 National Youth Gang Survey
    • Finn-AageEsbensen, Stephen G. Tibbetts, and LarryGaines (Eds.), Long Groves, Ill.: Long Groves Press
    • Egley, Jr., Arlen, James C. Howell, and Aline K. Major, "Recent Patterns of Gang Problems in the United States: Results from the 1996-2002 National Youth Gang Survey," in Finn-Aage Esbensen, Stephen G. Tibbetts, and Larry Gaines, American Youth Gangs at the Millennium (Long Groves, Ill.: Long Groves Press, 2004).
    • (2004) American Youth Gangs at the Millennium
    • Egley Jr., A.1    James, C.H.2    Aline, K.M.3
  • 16
    • 84873557519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Youth Gang Survey Trends from 1996 to 2000
    • U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, No. 2, February 2002, at, (March 1, 2005)
    • Egley, Jr., Arlen, "National Youth Gang Survey Trends from 1996 to 2000," U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, OJJDP Fact Sheet No. 2, February 2002, at www. ncjrs. org/pdffilesl/ojjdp/ fs200203. pdf'(March 1, 2005).
    • OJJDP Fact Sheet
    • Egley Jr., A.1
  • 17
    • 85055401641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Great Is G.R.E.A.T.? Results from a Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Design
    • Esbensen, Finn-Aage, D. Wayne Osgood, Terrance J. Taylor, Dana Patterson, and Adrienne Freng, "How Great Is G. R. E. A. T.? Results from a Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Design," Criminology and Public Policy, Vol. l, No. 1 (November 2001), pp. 87-118.
    • (2001) Criminology and Public Policy , vol.l , Issue.1 , pp. 87-118
    • Esbensen, F.-A.1    Wayne Osgood, D.2    Terrance, J.T.3    Dana, P.4    Adrienne, F.5
  • 18
    • 33746487776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing Adolescent Gang Involvement
    • U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, September 2000
    • Esbensen, Finn-Aage, "Preventing Adolescent Gang Involvement," U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Juvenile Justice Bulletin, September 2000.
    • Juvenile Justice Bulletin
    • Esbensen, F.-A.1
  • 19
    • 0041901583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family-Based Crime Prevention
    • W. ShermanLawrence, P. FarringtonDavid, C. WelshBrandon, and Layton MacKenzieDoris (Eds.), London: Routledge
    • Farrington, David P. and Brandon C. Welsh, "Family-Based Crime Prevention," in Lawrence W. Sherman, David P. Farrington, Brandon C. Welsh, and Doris Layton MacKenzie, eds., Evidence-Based Crime Prevention (London: Routledge, 2002).
    • (2002) Evidence-Based Crime Prevention
    • Farrington, D.P.1    Brandon, C.W.2
  • 20
    • 84873560883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El Salvador Police Chief Seeks Closer U. S. Ties in Gang Fight
    • October 12, (October 29, 2004)
    • Fox, Ben, "El Salvador Police Chief Seeks Closer U. S. Ties in Gang Fight," San Jose Mercury News, October 12, 2004, at www. mercurnews. com/mld/mercurynews/news/local/states/california/ the_valley/9901716. htm?ic (October 29, 2004).
    • (2004) San Jose Mercury News
    • Fox, B.1
  • 21
    • 84873560897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N. Y. Using Terrorism Law to Prosecute Street Gang
    • February 1
    • Garcia, Michelle, "N. Y. Using Terrorism Law to Prosecute Street Gang," The Washington Post, February 1, 2005.
    • (2005) The Washington Post
    • Garcia, M.1
  • 22
    • 84858892304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mexico's Southern Flank: A Crime-Ridden 'Third U. S. Border
    • (December 22, 2003)
    • GTayson, George W., "Mexico's Southern Flank: A Crime-Ridden 'Third U. S. Border,'" Hemisphere Focus, Vol. 11, Issue 32 (December 22, 2003).
    • Hemisphere Focus , vol.11 , Issue.32
    • GTayson, G.W.1
  • 23
    • 84873561720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hearing, Committee on the Judiciary, U. S. House of Representatives, 106th Cong., 2nd Sess., September 21, 2000, at commdocs. house. gov/committees/judiciary / hju67329. 000/hju67329_0. htm (March 3, 2005)
    • Hearing, Investigation of Misconduct and Mismanagement at ICITAP, OPDATand Criminal Division's Office of Administration, Committee on the Judiciary, U. S. House of Representatives, 106th Cong., 2nd Sess., September 21, 2000, at commdocs. house. gov/committees/judiciary / hju67329. 000/hju67329_0. htm (March 3, 2005).
    • Investigation of Misconduct and Mismanagement at ICITAP, OPDATand Criminal Division's Office of Administration
  • 24
    • 0026442741 scopus 로고
    • Family Preservation Using Multisystemic Therapy: An Effective Alternative to Incarcerating Serious Juvenile Offenders
    • Henggeler, Scott W., Gary B. Melton, and Linda A. Smith, "Family Preservation Using Multisystemic Therapy: An Effective Alternative to Incarcerating Serious Juvenile Offenders," Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 60, No. 6 (December 1992), pp. 953-961.
    • (1992) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 953-961
    • Henggeler, S.W.1    Gary, B.M.2    Linda, A.S.3
  • 26
    • 27944452449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth Gangs: An Overview
    • U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, August 1998, at ojjdp. ncjrs. org/ jjbulletin/9808/history. html (December 3, 2004)
    • Howell, James C, "Youth Gangs: An Overview," U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Juvenile Justice Bulletin, August 1998, at ojjdp. ncjrs. org/ jjbulletin/9808/history. html (December 3, 2004).
    • Juvenile Justice Bulletin
    • Howell, J.C.1
  • 27
    • 4544302009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, August 2000
    • Howell, James C, "Youth Gang Programs and Strategies," U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, August 2000.
    • Youth Gang Programs and Strategies
    • Howell, J.C.1
  • 28
    • 85047687749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal Relations Between Children's Exposure to TV Violence and Their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977-1992
    • (March 2003)
    • Huesmann, L. Rowell, Jessica Moise-Titus, Cheryl-Lynn Podolski, and Leonard D. Eron, "Longitudinal Relations Between Children's Exposure to TV Violence and Their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977-1992," Developmental Psychology, Vo. 39, No. 2 (March 2003).
    • Developmental Psychology , vol.39 , Issue.2
    • Huesmann, L.R.1    Jessica, M.-T.2    Podolski, C.-L.3    Leonard, D.E.4
  • 29
    • 19744377534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the Criminal Behavior ofYouth Gangs and At-Risk Youths
    • in Esbensen et al
    • Huff, C. Ronald, "Comparing the Criminal Behavior ofYouth Gangs and At-Risk Youths," in Esbensen et al., American Youth Gangs at the Millennium.
    • American Youth Gangs at the Millennium
    • Huff, C.R.1
  • 30
    • 84873548849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute for Inter-Governmental Research, National Gang Youth Center, (February 7, 2005)
    • Institute for Inter-Governmental Research, National Gang Youth Center, "Comprehensive Gang Model," at www. iir. com/nygc/acgp/model. htm (February 7, 2005).
    • Comprehensive Gang Model
  • 31
    • 84873549158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central America's Gang Crisis: Prison Riots Reflect Widening Violence in Poor Nations
    • September 17
    • Jordan, Mary, "Central America's Gang Crisis: Prison Riots Reflect Widening Violence in Poor Nations," The Washington Post, September 17, 2004, p. Al.
    • (2004) The Washington Post
    • Jordan, M.1
  • 32
    • 0000954540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulling Levers: Chronic Offenders, High-Crime Settings, and a Theory of Prevention
    • Kennedy, David M., "Pulling Levers: Chronic Offenders, High-Crime Settings, and a Theory of Prevention," Valparaiso University Law Review, Vol. 31, No. 2 (1997).
    • (1997) Valparaiso University Law Review , vol.31 , Issue.2
    • Kennedy, D.M.1
  • 33
    • 84937274401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth Violence in Boston: Gun Markets, Serious Youth Offenders, and a Use-Reduction Strategy
    • Kennedy, David M., Anne M. Piehl, and Anthony Braga, "Youth Violence in Boston: Gun Markets, Serious Youth Offenders, and a Use-Reduction Strategy," Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 59, No. 1(1996).
    • (1996) Law and Contemporary Problems , vol.59 , Issue.1
    • Kennedy, D.M.1    Anne, M.P.2    Anthony, B.3
  • 34
    • 84873544258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • fact sheet, University of California, Riverside, Southern California Center of Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention, Fall 2004
    • Kim, Tia, "Youth Gangs," fact sheet, University of California, Riverside, Southern California Center of Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention, Fall 2004.
    • Youth Gangs
    • Kim, T.1
  • 35
    • 33646533011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boston's Youth Violence Prevention Program: A Comprehensive Community-Wide Approach
    • H. DeckerScott (Ed.), Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth/Thomas Learning
    • McDevitt, Jack, Anthony A. Braga, Dana Nurge, and Michael Buerger, "Boston's Youth Violence Prevention Program: A Comprehensive Community-Wide Approach," in Scott H. Decker, Policing Gangs and Youth Violence (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth/Thomas Learning, 2003).
    • (2003) Policing Gangs and Youth Violence
    • McDevitt, J.1    Anthony, A.2    Braga3    Dana, N.4    Michael, B.5
  • 36
    • 84873541119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Principles of Immigration
    • October 19
    • Meese III, Edwin, and Matthew Spalding, "The Principles of Immigration," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 1807, October 19, 2004, at www. heritage. org/Research/GovernmentReform/ bgl807. cfm.
    • (2004) Heritage Foundation Backgrounder , vol.1807
    • Meese III, E.1    Matthew, S.2
  • 37
    • 84873557341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maras extienden sus tentáculos
    • Nava, Francisco Robles, February 23, See also Kevin Sullivan, "Mexico Battles Influx of Violent Gangs," The Washington Post, January 21, 2005
    • Nava, Francisco Robles, "Maras extienden sus tentáculos," La Opinión, February 23, 2004. See also Kevin Sullivan, "Mexico Battles Influx of Violent Gangs," The Washington Post, January 21, 2005.
    • (2004) La Opinión
  • 40
    • 84873539987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Gang Act Needs Modification
    • No. 494, May 3
    • Rosenzweig, Paul,"The Gang Act Needs Modification," Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 494, May 3, 2004, at www. heritage. org/Research/Crime/wm494. cfm.
    • (2004) Heritage Foundation WebMemo
    • Rosenzweig, P.1
  • 41
    • 0000845367 scopus 로고
    • Boys and Girls Clubs in Public Housing Developments: Prevention Services for Youth At-Risk
    • OSAP Special Issue
    • Schinke, Steven P., Mario A. Orlandi, and Kristen C. Cole, "Boys and Girls Clubs in Public Housing Developments: Prevention Services for Youth At-Risk," Journal of Community Psychology, OSAP Special Issue (1992).
    • (1992) Journal of Community Psychology
    • Schinke, S.P.1    Mario, A.O.2    Kristen, C.C.3
  • 42
    • 84873548027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AI Qaeda Leader Identified in 'Dirty Bomb' Plot
    • October 5, atwashingtontimes. com/national/20041005-013052-7047r. htm (October 29, 2005)
    • Seper, Jerry, "AI Qaeda Leader Identified in 'Dirty Bomb' Plot," The Washington Times, October 5, 2004, atwashingtontimes. com/national/20041005-013052-7047r. htm (October 29, 2005).
    • (2004) The Washington Times
    • Seper, J.1
  • 44
    • 84873531449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gunmen Kill 28 on Bus in Honduras; Street Gangs Blamed
    • December 25
    • Thompson, Ginger, "Gunmen Kill 28 on Bus in Honduras; Street Gangs Blamed," The New York Times, December 25, 2004.
    • (2004) The New York Times
    • Thompson, G.1
  • 45
    • 0001547017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membership in Youth Gangs and Involvement in Serious and Violent Offending
    • LoeberRalph and P. FarringtonDavid (Eds.), Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications
    • Thornberry, Terence P., "Membership in Youth Gangs and Involvement in Serious and Violent Offending," in Ralph Loeber and David P. Farrington, eds., Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: RiskFactors and Successful Interventions (Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1998).
    • (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: RiskFactors and Successful Interventions
    • Thornberry, T.P.1
  • 46
    • 84873529526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torrijos Takes Soft Approach to Mara Problem
    • September 29
    • "Torrijos Takes Soft Approach to Mara Problem," Latinnews Daily, September 29, 2004.
    • (2004) Latinnews Daily
  • 47
    • 84873536660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U. S. Bureau of the Census and U. S. Department of Commerce, Profile of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 2000, December 2001
    • U. S. Bureau of the Census and U. S. Department of Commerce, Profile of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States: 2000, December 2001.
  • 48
    • 0003546304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • U. S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1997 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1999), at uscis. gov/graphics/shared/aboutus/statistics/1997YB. pdf (March 8, 2005).
    • (1999) 1997 Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
  • 49
    • 84873542951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigator, Orange County District Attorney's Office, "California's Most Violent Export,", (March 8, 2005)
    • Valdez, AL, Investigator, Orange County District Attorney's Office, "California's Most Violent Export," 2000[a] at www. streetgangs. com/topics/2002/18thexport. html (March 8, 2005).
    • (2000)
    • Valdez, A.L.1
  • 50
    • 84917504026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations, (March 8, 2005)
    • Valdez, AL, "A South American Import," National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations, 2000[b], at www. nagia. org/mara_salvatrucha. htm (March 8, 2005).
    • (2000) A South American Import
    • Valdez, A.L.1
  • 52
    • 0004135897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media in the Home 2000: The Fifth Annual Survey of Parents and Children
    • University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg Public Policy Center, No. 7
    • Woodard IV, Emory H., and Natalia Gridina, "Media in the Home 2000: The Fifth Annual Survey of Parents and Children," University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg Public Policy Center, Survey Series No. 7, 2000.
    • (2000) Survey Series
    • Woodard, I.V.1    Emory, H.2    Natalia, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.