Al Qaeda confronts Hamas: Divisions in the Sunni jihadist movement and its implications for U.S. policy

Studies in Conflict and Terrorism

Volumn 32, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 576-590

  Cragin, Kim ^a  

^a RAND CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70449700125     PISSN: 1057610X     EISSN: 15210731     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10576100902961748     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. "President Bush Addresses American Legion National Convention," Office of the Press Secretary, 31 August 2006, available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/08/20060831-1.html (accessed 8 September 2007).
2. "Tracking al-Qa'ida's Media Production Team," National Public Radio, 11 July 2006, available at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5548044 (accessed 5 July 2008).
3. Ayman al Zawahiri, "Palestine is Our Concern, the Concern of Every Muslim," trans. SITE Institute, As-Sahab Media, 11 March 2007, transcript available at http://sitemultimedia.org/video/SITE_Zawahiri_Palestine_Concern_31107.wmv
4. For more information on the relationship between al-Zawahiri and Gama'at al-Islamiyya, see Montazzer al-Zayyat, The Road to al-Qaeda, trans. Ahmed Fekry (Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2002).
5. Stephen Ulph, "Al-Zawahiri Takes Hamas to Task," Terrorism Focus 3(9) (7 March 2006), p. 1.
6. Author interviews, members of Hizb ut-Tahrir, London, March 2004.
7. "You, al-Zawahiri, were Never with Palestine, Even for One Day," trans. SITE Institute, Official Release of the Islamic Resistance Movement, 11 March 2006.
8. Craig Whitlock, "Amman Bombings Reflect Zarqawi's Growing Reach," Washington Post, 13 November 2005, p. A01.
9. Al Qaeda was criticized widely throughout the Muslim world for conducting these attacks. A Pew public opinion survey conducted in July 2005 furthermore indicated a decrease in public support for attacks against civilians in defense of Islam.
10. For more information, see Murad al-Shishani, "The Amman Bombings:A Blow to Jihadists?" Terrorism Focus 2(22) (29 November 2005), pp. 5-6.
11. "Islamic Extremism: Common Concern for Muslim and Western Publics," Pew Research Center, 14 July 2005, available at http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=248 (accessed 8 September 2007).
12. Roger Gaess, "Interviews from Gaza: What Hamas Wants," Middle East Policy 9(4) (December 2002), pp. 102-121.
13. "Doctor Zawahiri, You Misread and So Failed in Communicating Your Opinion," trans. SITE Institute, Official Release of the Islamic Resistance Movement, 12 March 2007.
14. "Key Points and Pressing Issues in Initial Sampling of Questions Submitted by Jihadist Forum Members to Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri," SITE Institute, 1 January 2008.
15. see also Jarret Brachman and Brian Fishman, The Power of Truth: Questions for Ayman al-Zawahiri (New York: West Point Counter Terrorism Center, April 2008).
16. For a more detailed discussion of the history and evolution of Al Qaeda, see R. Kim Cragin, "Early History of al-Qa'ida," The Historial Journal 52(4) (2008), pp. 1047-1067.
17. Abdullah Azzam, Defense of Muslim Lands, unpublished, 1984, available at http://www.religioscope.com/info/doc/jihad/azzam_defence_2_intro.htm (accessed 7 September 2007).
18. Abdullah Anas, The Birth of the Afghani Arabs: A Biography of Abdullah Anas with Mas'oud and Abdullah Azzam, trans. Nadia Masid (London: unpublished, 2002).
19. Peter Bergen, The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of Al Qaeda's Leader (New York: Free Press, 2006), p. 41.
20. Abdullah Azzam, "Do Not Think We Have Forgotten Palestine," Al Jihad Magazine, 1 (March 1985), unpublished.
21. Al-Zayyat, The Road to Al-Qaeda, pp. 29-32.
22. Ibid., p. 70.
23. Bergen, The Osama bin Laden I Know, pp. 47-48.
24. see also Mustafa Hamid, Chat from the Top of the World, written in al-Farouq Camp, August 1994, US military document number AFGP-2002-600087, in Harmony and Disharmony: Exploiting al-Qa'ida's Organizational Vulnerabilities (New York: West Point, 2006), available at http://www.ctc.usma.edu/aq/Harmony%20and%20Disharmony%20-%20CTC.pdf (accessed 23 March 2007).
25. Bergen, The Osama bin Laden I Know, p. 79.
26. Ayman al-Zawahiri, Bitter Harvest: The Muslim Brotherhood in Sixty Years, trans. Nadia Masid (Egypt: unpublished, 1991).
27. Ayman al-Zawahiri, "Bitter Harvest," in Gilles Kepel and Jean-Pierre Milelli, eds., Al-Qaeda in its Own Words (Boston: Harvard University Press, 2008), pp. 171-180.
28. Five Letters to the Africa Corps, September 1993-May 1994, US military document number AFGP-2002-600053, available in Harmony and Disharmony.
29. These priorities were expressed in a series of statements issued by Al Qaeda in the mid-1990s. Letters from bin Laden, al-Qa'ida Advice and Reform Committee, Statement 2, April 1994, US military document number AFGP-2002-003345, available in Harmony and Disharmony.
30. For further information on this argument, see Fawaz A. Gerges, The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
31. Osama bin Laden, "Declaration of Jihad," in Bruce Lawrence, ed., Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden (London: Verso, 2005), p. 25.
32. Hamas representative to Syria, Khaled Mishaal, outlined the history of Hamas in his interview for Dar al-Hayat. Ghassan Charbel, "The Khaled Mishaal Interview (2 of 7)," Dar al-Hayat, 5 December 2003.
33. Al-Muntalaq, April 1984, no. 9, quoted in Ziad Abu-Amr, Islamic Fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994), p. 28.
34. Khaled Hroub, Hamas: Political Thought and Practice (Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 2000), p. 34.
35. Ghassan Charbel, "Khaled Mishaal Interview (3 of 7)," 5 December 2003.
36. Many of these leaflets can be found in ShaulMishal and Reuben Aharoni, Speaking Stones: Communiqués from the Intifada Underground (New York: Syracuse University Press, 1994).
37. The full text of this leaflet is available in Khaled Hroub, Appendix, Document No. 1, pp. 265-266.
38. Al-Falouji ran Hamas's newspaper al-Watan.
39. Article 12, reprinted in Mohammad Maqdsi, trans., "The Charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement," Journal of Palestine Studies 22 (Spring 1993), pp. 122-134.
40. "Hamas Calls for an All-Out Strike and Popular Confrontations," Hamas Communiqué, 29 September 2000, available at http://intellnet.org/resources/hamas_communiques.html (accessed on 8 April 2004).
41. "Report on Palestinian Elections for Local Councils: Round One," National Democratic Institute, Jerusalem, February 2005, available at http://www.accessdemocracy.org/library/1791_wegz_prelim_011005.html (accessed 8 April 2005).
42. "Report on Palestinian Elections for Local Councils: Round Two," National Democratic Institute, Jerusalem, June 2005, available at http://www.accessdemocracy.org/library/1841_wegz_prelim_050605.pdf (accessed 4 September 2005).
43. "Results of Public Opinion Polls," An Najah National University, 5-6 January 2006.
44. The Final Results for Electoral Districts, Central Elections Commission Palestine, Ramallah, February 2006, available at http://www.elections.ps/template.aspx?id=291 (accessed 30 March 2006).