Settlement patterns, social complexity and agricultural strategies during the Chalcolithic period in the Northern Negev, Israel

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 284-294

  Winter Livneh, Rona ^a   Svoray, Tal ^a   Gilead, Isaac ^a  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

Agricultural strategies; Chalcolithic period; Chiefdom society; General linear model; GIS; Settlement patterns; Southern Levant; Spatial autocorrelation

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE; AUTOCORRELATION; GIS; HOLOCENE; SETTLEMENT PATTERN; SOCIAL HISTORY; SPATIAL ANALYSIS;

ASIA; EURASIA; ISRAEL; MIDDLE EAST; NEGEV; SOUTHERN DISTRICT;

EID: 70449672318     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: 10959238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2009.09.039     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Ackermann O., Svoray T., and Haiman M. Nari (calcrete) outcrop contribution to ancient agricultural terraces in the southern Shephelah, Israel: insights from digital terrain analysis and a geoarchaeological field survey. Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 930-941
2. Alon D. Early settlements along the Nahal Grar and Nahal Patish. M'befnim 1 (1961) 87-96
3. Alon D., and Levy T.E. Preliminary note on the distribution of Chalcolithic sites on the Wadi Beersheva and lower Wadi Besor drainage system. Israel Exploration Journal 30 (1980) 140-147
4. Bevan A., and Conolly J. Multiscalar approaches to settlement pattern analysis. In: Lock G., and Molyneaux B.L. (Eds). Confronting Scale in Archaeology: Issues of Theory and Practice (2006), Springer, New York 217-234
5. Beyer H.L. Hawth's Analysis Tools for ArcGIS. Available at (2004). http://www.spatialecology.com/htools/
6. Butzer K.W. Archaeology as Human Ecology (1982), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
7. Carmel Y., and Kadmon R. Effect of grazing and topography on long-term vegetation changes in a Mediterranean ecosystem in Israel. Plant Ecology 145 (1999) 243-254
8. In: Clarke D.L. (Ed). Spatial Archaeology (1977), Academic Press INC, London
9. Cliff A.D., and Ord J.K. Spatial Processes, Models and Applications (1981), Pion, London
10. Conard N.J. Advances and problems in the study of Paleolithic settlement systems. In: Conard N.J. (Ed). Settlement Dynamics of the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age (2001), Kerns Verlag, Tübingen 7-20
11. Conolly J., and Lake M. Geographic Information Systems in Archaeology (2006), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
12. Danin A., Orshan G., and Zohary M. The vegetation of the northern Negev and the Judaean desert of Israel. Israel Journal of Botany 24 (1975) 118-172
13. Davis F.W., and Goetz S. Modeling vegetation pattern using digital terrain data. Landscape Ecology 4 (1990) 69-80
14. El-Fouly M.M., El-Sayed A.A., Fawzi A.F.A., and Shaaban S.H.A. Nutritional status of oil olives groves grown under dry framing conditions in North Western Coast of Egypt. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 5 (2007) 216-219
15. Evenari M., Shanan L., Tadmor N., and Aharoni Y. Ancient agriculture in the Negev. Science 133 (1961) 979-996
16. Evenari M., Shanan L., and Tadmor N. The Negev: The Challenge of a Desert (1971), Harvard University Press, Cambridge
17. Fletcher R. Some spatial analyses of Chalcolithic settlement in southern Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2048-2058
18. Fletcher R., and Winter R. Prospects and problems in GIS applications in studying Chalcolithic archaeology in southern Israel. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 352 (2008) 1-28
19. Fortin M.J. Spatial statistics in landscape ecology. In: Klopatek M.J., and Gardner H.R. (Eds). Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications (1999), Springer, New York 253-279
20. Gatrell A.C., Bailey T.C., Diggle P.J., and Rowlingson B.S. Spatial point pattern analysis and its application in geographical epidemiology. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 21 (1996) 256-274
21. Gazit D. Map of Urim (125) (1996), Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem
22. Gibson S., and Rowan Y.M. The Chalcolithic in the central highlands of Palestine: a reassessment based on new examination of Khibet es-Sauma'a. Levant 38 (2006) 85-108
23. Gilead I. The Chalcolithic period in the Levant. Journal of World Prehistory 2 (1988) 397-443
24. Gilead I. Sociopolitical organization in the northern Negev at the end of the Chalcolithic period. In: Biran A., and Aviram J. (Eds). Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990, Supplement (1993), Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem
25. Gilead I. Grar: A Chalcolithic Site in the northern Negev (1995), Ben-Gurion University Press, Beer Sheva
26. Gilead I. The Besorian: a pre-Ghassulian cultural entity. Paleoriént 33 (2007) 33-49
27. Gilead I., and Goren Y. Stations of the Chalcolithic period in Nahal Sekher, northern Negev. Paleoriént 12 (1986) 83-90
28. Goodchild M.F. Spatial Autocorrelation (1986), Geo Books, Norwich
29. Gophna R. The settlement of north-western Negev during the Chalcolithic period. In: Shmueli A., and Grados Y. (Eds). The Land of the Negev I (1979), Tel-Aviv 203-208
30. Gophna R. The Early Bronze Age I settlement at 'En Besor oasis. Israel Exploration Journal 40 (1990) 1-11
31. Griffith D. Spatial Autocorrelation: A Primer (1987), Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC
32. Hall J.K. The GSI digital terrain model (DTM) project completed. GSI Current Research 8 (1993) 47-50
33. Hermon S. Socio-economic Aspects of Chalcolithic (4500-3500 BC) Societies in the southern Levant. BAR International Series 1744 (2008), Archaeopress, Oxford
34. Hillel D. Rivers of Eden: The Struggle for Water and the Quest for Peace in the Middle East (1994), Oxford University Press, Oxford
35. Hodder I., and Orton C. Spatial Analysis in Archaeology (1976), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
36. In: Holl A., and Levy T.E. (Eds). Spatial Boundaries and Social Dynamics: Case Studies from Food-Producing Societies (1993), International Monographs in Prehistory, Ann Arbor
37. Jobbagy E.G., Paruelo J.M., and Leon R.J.C. Vegetation heterogeneity and diversity in flat and mountain landscapes of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vegetation Science 7 (1996) 599-608
38. Johnston R.J. Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Geography: A Primer on the General Linear Model (1978), Longman, London
39. Kanitkar N.V., Sirur S.S., and Gokhale D.H. Dry Farming in India (1968), Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi
40. Katz O., Gilead I., Bar P., (Kutiel), and Shahack-Gross R. Chalcolithic agricultural life at Grar, northern Negev, Israel: dry farmed cereals and dung-fueled hearths. Paleoriént 31 (2007) 101-116
41. Kvamme L.K. GIS algorithms and their effects on regional archaeological analysis. In: Allen K.M.S., Green S.W., and Zubrow B.W.E. (Eds). Interpreting Space: GIS and Archaeology (1990), Taylor & Francis, London 112-125
42. Kvamme L.K. Spatial autocorrelation and the Classic Maya Collapse revisited: refined techniques and new conclusions. Journal of Archaeological Science 17 (1990) 197-207
43. Lavee H., Poesen J., and Yair A. Evidence of high efficiency water-harvesting by ancient farmers in the Negev Desert, Israel. Journal of Arid Environments 35 (1997) 341-348
44. Levy T.E. Chalcolithic Settlement and Subsistence in the northern Negev Desert, Israel (1981), University of Sheffield, Ann Arbor
45. Levy T.E. The Chalcolithic period. Biblical Archaeologist 49 (1986) 82-108
46. Levy T.E. Cult, metallurgy and rank societies - Chalcolithic period (CA 4500-3500 BCE). In: Levy T.E. (Ed). Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land (1995), Facts on File, New York 226-243
47. Levy T.E., and Alon D. Chalcolithic settlement patterns in the northern Negev desert. Current Anthropology 24 (1983) 105-107
48. Levy T., and Goldberg P. The environmental setting of the northern Negev. In: Levy T. (Ed). Shiqmim vol. I. BAR International Series 356 (1987) Oxford, pp. 1-22
49. Levy T.E., Burton M.M., and Rowan Y.M. Chalcolithic hamlet excavations near Shiqmim, Negev desert, Israel. Journal of Field Archaeology 31 (2006) 41-60
50. Lyman R.L. The influence of time averaging and space averaging on the application of foraging theory in zooarchaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science 30 (2003) 595-610
51. Mahmood A. Economics of Barani (rainfed) farming and farm household production behaviour in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review 34 (1995) 901-912
52. Maisels C.K. Civilizations of the Old World, the Early Mesopotamia, India, Formative Histories of Egypt, the Levant and China (2001), Routledge, London and New York
53. Meir A., and Tsoar H. International borders and range ecology: the case of Bedouin transborder. Human Ecology 24 (1996) 39-64
54. Mitchell A. The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis. Vol. 2 (2005), ESRI Press
55. Moran P. The interpretation of statistical maps. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 10B (1948) 243-251
56. Nir D. The Geomorphology of Israel (1970), Aqademon, Jerusalem
57. Oweis T., and Hachum A. Water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming systems in West Asia and North Africa. Agricultural Water Management 80 (2005) 57-73
58. Perrot T. Excavations at Tell Abu Matar, near Beersheba. Israel Exploration Journal 5 (1955) 17-40 73-84, 167-189
59. Renfrew C. Monuments, mobilization and social organization in Neolithic Essex. In: Renfrew C. (Ed). The Explanation of Cultural Change: Models in Prehistory (1973), Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd, London 539-558
60. Ripley B.D. The second-order analysis of stationary point processes. Journal of Applied Probability 13 (1976) 255-266
61. Rosen A.M., and Weiner S. Identifying ancient irrigation: a new method using opaline phytoliths from Emmer wheat. Journal of archaeological Science 21 (1994) 125-132
62. Rosen A.S. Metals, rocks, specialization, and the beginning of urbanism in the northern Negev. In: Biran A., and Aviram J. (Eds). Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990 (1993), Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem 41-56
63. Roshwalb, A.F., 1981. Protohistory in the Wadi Ghazzeh: a typological study based on the Macdonald excavations. PhD dissertation. University of London, London.
64. Schwarz K.R., and Mount J. Integrating spatial statistics into archaeological data modeling. In: Mehrer M.W., and Wescott K.L. (Eds). GIS and Archaeological Site Location Modeling (2006), Taylor and Francis, New-York 167-189
65. Shanan L. Runoff, erosion, and the sustainability of ancient irrigation systems in the Central Negev desert. In: Hassan A.M., Slaymaker O., and Berkowicz M.S. (Eds). The Hydrology-Geomorphology Interface: Rainfall, Floods, Sedimentation, Land Use (2000), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 75-106
66. Shmueli, A., Gradus, Y., (Eds.), 1979. The Land of the Negev, part 1. Ministry of Defence Publishing House, Tel Aviv (Hebrew).
67. Silbernagel J., Martin S.R., Gale M.R., and Chen J. Prehistoric, historic, and present settlement patterns related to ecological hierarchy in the Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. Landscape Ecology 12 (1997) 223-240
68. Singer A. The Soils of Israel (2007), Springer, Berlin
69. Svoray T. Integrating automatically processed SPOT HRV Pan imagery in a DEM-based procedure for channel network extraction. International Journal of Remote Sensing 25 (2004) 3541-3547
70. Svoray T., Karnieli A., and Dedieu G. Satellite evidence of a topographic sink-source system in a small semi-arid watershed. International Journal of Remote Sensing 29 (2008) 609-616
71. Wheatley D., and Gillings M. Spatial Technology and Archaeology (2002), Taylor and Francis, London
72. Whitley D.S., and Clark W.A.V. Spatial autocorrelation test and the Classic Maya collapse: methods and inferences. Journal of Archaeological Science 12 (1985) 377-395
73. Wright J.P., Jones C.G., Boeken B., and Shachak M. Predictability of ecosystem engineering effects on species richness across environmental variability and spatial scales. Journal of Ecology 94 (2006) 815-824