Cross-cultural public relations: Implications for american and arab public relations practitioners

Competitiveness Review

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 65-82

  Kanso, Ali ^a   Sinno, Abdul Karim ^b   Adams, William ^c  

^a EMERSON COLLEGE   (United States)

^b Clarke College   (United States)

^c KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70449657761     PISSN: 10595422     EISSN: 20513143     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/eb046420     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Adelman, M., & Lustig, M. (1982). Interculturalcommunicationproblems as perceived by Saudi Arabian and American managers. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 5, 349-363
2. Almaney, A., & Alwan, A. (1982). Communicating with the Arabs. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
3. Anderson, J. (1994). A comparison of Arab and American conceptions of 'effective' persuasion. In L. Samovar & R. Porter (Eds.) Intercultural communication: A reader (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
4. Botan, C. (1992). International public relations: Critique and reformulation. Public Relations Review, 18(2), 149-159
5. Carr, S. (1989, January). How to deal with the Japanese media. Public Relations Journal, 45, 27-28
6. Chejne, A. (1965). Arabic: Its significance and place in Arab-Muslim society. Middle East Journal, 19, 447-470
7. Cohen, R. (1987). Problems of intercultural communicationin Egyptian-American diplomatic relations. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 11, 29-47
8. Condon, J., & Yousef, F. (1975). An introduction to intercultural communication. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
9. Dean, O., & Popp, G. (1990). Intercultural communication effectiveness as perceived by American managers in Saudi Arabia and French managers in the U.S. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 14, 405-424
10. Dodd, C. (1982). Dynamics of intercultural communication. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm.
11. C. Brown, El-Enad, A. (1990, Spring). Public relations' role in developing countries. Public Relations Quarterly, 35, 24-26
12. Farinelli, J. (1990, November). Needed: A new U.S. perspective on global public relations. Public Relations Journal, 46, 18-19, 42
13. Gold, E. (1988). Ronald Reagan and the oral tradition. Central States Speech Journal, 39 (3&4), 159-176
14. Gudykunst, W., & Kim, Y. (1984). Communicating with strangers. New York: Random House.
15. Hall, E. (1976). Beyond culture. New York: Doubleday.
16. Hall, E. (1982). Context and meaning. In L. Samovar & R. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
17. Hamod, H. (1963, May). Arab and Moslem rhetorical theory and practice. Central States Speech Journal,14, 97-104
18. Henle, M. (1962). On the relations between logic and thinking. Psychological Review, 69, 366-378
19. Hitti, P. (1958). History of the Arabs. New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Kanso, A., & Ajami, J. (1993, February). Cross-cultural advertising: A comparison of American and Arab creative approaches. Paper presented at the Society for Cross-Cultural Research conference, Washington, D.C.
21. Kanso, A. (1995, April). The myth of globalization: An analysis of Western and Middle Eastern advertising. Paper presented at the International Academy of Business Disciplines conference, Redondo Beach, CA.
22. Kluckhohn, F., & Strodtbeck, R. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston, IL: Row Peterson.
23. Kluckhohn, F. (1963). Some reflections of the nature of cultural integration and change. In E. Tiryakian (Ed.), Sociological theory, values and sociocultural change: Essays in honor of P.A. Sorokin. New York: Free Press
24. Levine, D. (1985). The flight from ambiguity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
25. Luqmani, M., Yavas, U., & Quraeshi, Z. (1989). Advertising in Saudi Arabia: Content and regulation. International Marketing Review, 6 (1), 59-72
26. Mehrabian, A. (1981). Silent messages: Implicit communication of emotion and attitudes. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
27. Morley, M. (1998). How to manage your global reputation: A guide to the dynamics of international public relations. Washington Square, NY: New York University Press.
28. Okabe, R. (1983). Cultural assumptions of East and West: Japan and the U.S. In W. Gudykunst (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
29. Ong, W. (1980). Literacy and orality in our times. Journal of Communication, 30, 197-204
30. Patai, R. (1973). The Arab mind. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
31. Pavlik, J. (1987). Public relations: What research tells us. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
32. Prothro, E. (1955). Arab-American differences in the judgment of written messages. Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 3-11
33. Reed, J. (1989, Summer). International media relations: Avoiding selfbinding. Public Relations Quarterly, 34, 12-15
34. Samovar, L., Porter, R., & Jain, N. (1981). Understanding intercultural communication. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
35. Scheflen, A. (1973). How behavior means. NY: Gordon and Breach.
36. Schuler, J. (1990, November). Trivet! Kak, u tebya? Public Relations Journal, 46, 10-11
37. Shouby, E. (1951). The influence of the Arabic language on the psychology of the Arabs. Middle East Journal, 5, 284-302
38. Smith, A. (1966). Communication and culture. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
39. Sriramesh, K., Kim, Y., & Takasaki, M. (1999). Public relations in three Asian cultures: An analysis. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11 (4), 271-292
40. Stewart, E. (1972). American cultural patterns. Chicago: Intercultural Press
41. Stock, B. (1983). The implications of literacy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
42. Ting-Toomey, S. (1985). Toward a theory of conflict and culture. In W. Gudykunst, L. Stewart & S. Ting-Toomey (Eds.), Communication, culture and organizational processes. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
43. Triandis, H., Brislin, R., & Hui, C. (1988). Cross-cultural training across the individualism-collectivism divide. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 12, 269-289
44. Valencia, H. (1983). Point of view: Avoiding Hispanic market blunders. Journal of Advertising Research, 23, 19-22
45. Vercic, D., Grunig, L., & Grunig, J. (1996). Global and specific principles of public relations: Evidence from Slovenia. In H. Culbertson & N. Chen (Eds.), International public relations: A comparative analysis (pp. 31-65). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
46. Wakefield, R. (1996). Interdisciplinary theoretical foundations for international public relations. In H. Culbertson & N. Chen (Eds.), International public relations: A comparative analysis (pp. 17-30). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
47. Webb, V. (1991, May). Media and cultural diversity in the Gulf countries. Middle East Executive Reports, 15, 10-12
48. Yousef, F. (1974). Cross-cultural communication: Aspects of contrastive social values between North Americans and Middle Easterners. Hitman Organizations, 3, 383-387
49. Zaharna, R. (1991). The ontological function of interpersonal communication: A cross-cultural analysis of Americans and Palestinians, Howard Journal of Communication, 3 (1&2), 87-98
50. Zaharna, R.S. (1994, November). Rhetorical ethnocentrism: A view through Time of Arab rhetoric. Paper presented at the Speech Communication Association convention, New Orleans, Louisiana.