Acne and Systemic Disease

Medical Clinics of North America

Volumn 93, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1161-1181

  Lolis, Margarita S ^a   Bowe, Whitney P ^a   Shalita, Alan R ^a  

^a SUNY Downstate Medical Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Acne; Acne and associated disease states; Acne medicamentosa; Acne therapeutics; Endocrine disorders

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; COLCHICINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DANAZOL; DAPSONE; DEXAMETHASONE; DIANE; DROSPIRENONE PLUS ETHINYLESTRADIOL; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR KINASE INHIBITOR; ESTROSTREP; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS LEVONORGESTREL; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL PLUS NORGESTIMATE; FLUTAMIDE; GLUCOCORTICOID; INFLIXIMAB; ISONIAZID; ISOTRETINOIN; LITHIUM; METFORMIN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PHENYTOIN; PREDNISONE; PYRIDOXINE; RETINOID; RIBOFLAVIN; SPIRONOLACTONE; TESTOSTERONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACNE; ACNE MEDICAMENTOSA; ACNE VULGARIS; ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLY; ACROMEGALY; ADRENAL CORTEX CARCINOMA; ANDROGEN RELEASE; BEDTIME DOSAGE; BEHCET DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; CUSHING SYNDROME; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HIRSUTISM; HORMONE ACTION; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PAPA SYNDROME; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUSTULOSIS PALMOPLANTARIS; REVIEW; SAPHO SYNDROME; SEBACEOUS GLAND; SEBUM SECRETION; SEX HORMONE DETERMINATION; SKIN SURGERY; STEROID 21 MONOOXYGENASE DEFICIENCY; SYSTEMIC DISEASE;

ACNE VULGARIS; ACQUIRED HYPEROSTOSIS SYNDROME; ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BEHCET SYNDROME; DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES; HORMONES; HUMANS; ISOTRETINOIN; LASER THERAPY, LOW-LEVEL; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; PHOTOTHERAPY;

EID: 70449643299     PISSN: 00257125     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2009.08.008     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Stern R.S. The prevalence of acne based on physical examination. J Am Acad Dermatol 26 6 (1992) 931-935
2. Thiboutot D. Acne: hormonal concepts and therapy. Clin Dermatol 22 5 (2004) 419-428
3. Cassidy D.M., Lee C.M., Laker M.F., et al. Lipogenesis in isolated human sebaceous glands. FEBS Lett 200 1 (1986) 173-176
4. Proksch E., Feingold K.R., and Elias P.M. Epidermal HMG CoA reductase activity in essential fatty acid deficiency: barrier requirements rather than eicosanoid generation regulate cholesterol synthesis. J Invest Dermatol 99 (1992) 216-220
5. Smythe C.D., Greenall M., and Kealey T. The activity of HMG-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in human apocrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles is regulated by phosphorylation and by exogenous cholesterol. J Invest Dermatol 111 1 (1998) 139-148
6. Toyoda M., and Morohashi M. Pathogenesis of acne. Med Electron Microsc 34 1 (2001) 29-40
7. Oberemok S.S., and Shalita A.R. Acne vulgaris I: pathogenesis and diagnosis. Cutis 70 2 (2002) 101-105
8. Choudhry R., Hodgins M.B., Van der Kwast T.H., et al. Localization of androgen receptors in human skin by immunohistochemistry: implications for the hormonal regulation of hair growth, sebaceous glands and sweat glands. J Endocrinol 133 3 (1992) 467-475
9. Liang T., Hoyer S., Yu R., et al. Immunocytochemical localization of androgen receptors in human skin using monoclonal antibodies against the androgen receptor. J Invest Dermatol 100 5 (1993) 663-666
10. Zouboulis C. Acne and sebaceous gland function. Clin Dermatol 22 5 (2004) 360-366
11. Rosenfield R.L., Deplweski D., Kentsis A., et al. Mechanisms of androgen induction of sebocyte differentiation. Dermatology 196 1 (1998) 43-46
12. Brun R.P., Tontonoz P., Forman B.M., et al. Differential activation of adipogenesis by multiple PPAR isoforms. Genes Dev 10 8 (1996) 974-984
13. Strauss J., and Pochi P.E. Effect of cyclic progestin-estrogen therapy on sebum and acne in women. JAMA 190 9 (1964) 815-819
14. Zouboulis C.C., Schagen S., and Alestas T. The sebocyte culture: a model to study the pathophysiology of the sebaceous gland in sebostasis, seborrhea and acne. Arch Dermatol Res 300 8 (2008) 397-413
15. Deplewski D., and Rosenfield R.L. Role of hormones in pilosebaceous unit development. Endocr Rev 21 4 (2000) 363-392
16. Ozegovic B., and Milkovic S. Effects of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, adrenalectomy and corticoids upon weight, protein and nucleic acid content of the female rat preputial glands. Endocrinology 90 4 (1972) 903-908
17. Ebling F.J., Ebling E., Randall V., et al. The sebotrophic action of growth hormone (BGH) in the rat. Br J Dermatol 92 3 (1975) 325-332
18. Deplewski D., and Rosenfield R.L. Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors have different effects on sebaceous cell growth and differentiation. Endocrinology 140 9 (1999) 4089-4094
19. Vora S., Ovhal A., Jerajani H., et al. Correlation of facial sebum to serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in patients with acne. Br J Dermatol 159 4 (2008) 979-995
20. Smith R.N., Mann N.J., Braue A., et al. The effect of high-protein, low glycemic-load diet versus a conventional, high glycemic-load diet on biochemical parameters associated with acne vulgaris: a randomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 57 2 (2007) 247-256
21. Willis D., Mason H., Gilling-Smith C., et al. Modulation by insulin of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone action in human granulosa cells of normal and polycystic ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 1 (1996) 302-309
22. Kristiansen S., Endoh A., Casson P., et al. Induction of steroidogenic enzyme genes by insulin and IGF-I in cultured adult human adrenocortical cells. Steroids 62 2 (1997) 258-265
23. Smith R.N., Braue A., Varigos G.A., et al. The effect of a low glycemic load diet on acne vulgaris and the fatty acid composition of skin surface triglycerides. J Dermatol Sci 50 1 (2008) 41-52
24. Smith T.M., Gilliland K., Clawson G.A., et al. IGF-1 induces SREBP-1 expression and lipogenesis in SEB-1 sebocytes via activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. J Invest Dermatol 128 5 (2008) 1286-1293
25. Kaymak Y., Adisen E., Itler N., et al. Dietary glycemic index and glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and leptin levels in patients with acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 57 5 (2007) 819-823
26. Zouboulis C.C., Baron J.M., Bohm M., et al. Frontiers in sebaceous gland biology and pathology. Exp Dermatol 17 6 (2008) 542-551
27. Zouboulis C.C., Seltmann H., Hiroi N., et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone: an autocrine hormone that promotes lipogenesis in human sebocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 14 99 (2002) 7148-7153
28. Ganceviciene R., Marciukaitiene I., Graziene V., et al. New accents in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Acta Medica Lituanica 13 (2006) 83-87
29. Shome B., and Saffran M. Peptides of the hypothalamus. J Neurochem 13 5 (1966) 433-448
30. Bohm M., Schiller M., Stander S., et al. Evidence of expression of melanocortin-1 receptor in human sebocytes in vitro and in situ. J Invest Dermatol 118 3 (2002) 533-539
31. Ganceviciene R., Graziene V., Bohm M., et al. Increased in situ expression of melanocortin-1 receptor in sebaceous glands of lesional skin of patients with acne vulgaris. Exp Dermatol 16 7 (2007) 547-552
32. Shibata M., Katsuyama M., Onodera T., et al. Glucocorticoids enhance toll-like receptor 2 expression in human keratinocytes stimulated with Priopionibacterium acnes or proinflammatory cytokines. J Invest Dermatol 129 2 (2009) 375-382
33. Lowenstein E.J. Diagnosis and management of the dermatologic manifestations of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Dermatol Ther 19 4 (2006) 210-223
34. Robboy S.J., Kurman R.J., and Merino M.J. The female reproductive system. In: Rubin E., Gorstein F., Rubin R., et al. (Eds). Rubin's pathology: clinicopathologic foundations of medicine. 4th edition (2005), Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia 967-969
35. Cusan L., Dupont A., Gomez J.L., et al. Comparison of flutamide and spironolactone in the treatment of hirsutism: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 61 2 (1994) 281-287
36. Liepa G.U., Sengupta A., and Karsies D. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other androgen excess-related conditions: can changes in dietary intake make a difference?. Nutr Clin Pract 23 1 (2008) 63-71
37. Tan S., Hahn S., Benson S., et al. Metformin improves polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms irrespective of pre-treatment insulin resistance. Eur J Endocrinol 157 5 (2007) 669-676
38. Braverman I.M. Endocrine and metabolic disorders. In: Braverman I.M. (Ed). Skin signs of systemic disease (1998), WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 452-457
39. Lin-Su K., Nimkarn S., and New M. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in adolescents: diagnosis and management. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1135 (2008) 95-98
40. Merke D.P., and Bornstein S.R. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Lancet 365 9477 (2005) 2125-2136
41. Thalmann S., and Meier C.A. Acne and 'mild' adrenal hyperplasia. Dermatology 213 4 (2006) 277-278
42. Cordera F., Grant C., van Heerden J., et al. Androgen-secreting adrenal tumors. Surgery 134 6 (2003) 874-880
43. Placzek M., Arnold B., Schmidt H., et al. Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone serum values in male patients with acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 53 6 (2005) 955-958
44. Degitz K., Placzek M., Arnold B., et al. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and acne in male patients. Br J Dermatol 148 6 (2003) 1263-1266
45. New M.I. Extensive clinical experience: nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endrocrinol Metab 91 11 (2006) 4205-4214
46. New M. Nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91 11 (2006) 4205-4214 Erratum in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92(1):142
47. D'Alva C.B., Abiven-Lepage G., Viallon V., et al. Sex steroids in androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors: clinical and hormonal features in comparison with non-tumor causes of androgen excess. Eur J Endocrinol 159 5 (2008) 641-647
48. Carmina E., Rosato F., Janni A., et al. Extensive clinical experience: relative prevalence of different androgen excess disorders in 950 women referred because of clinical hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91 1 (2006) 2-6
49. Strauss J., and Thioboutut D. Acne vulgaris and acneiform eruptions. In: Freedberg I., Eisen A., Wolf K., et al. (Eds). Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. 5th edition (1999), McGraw-Hill, New York 769-783
50. Chalmers R.J., Ead R.D., and Beck M.H. Acne vulgaris and hidradentitis suppurativa as presenting features of acromegaly. (Clin Res Ed). Br Med J 287 6402 (1983) 1346-1347
51. Rizvi A.A. Some clues and pitfalls in the diagnosis of acromegaly. Endocr Pract 10 4 (2004) 348-352
52. Benjamin L.T., Trowers A.B., and Schachner L.A. Successful acne management in Apert syndrome twins. Pediatr Dermatol 22 6 (2005) 561-565
53. DeGiovanni C.V., Jong C., and Woollons A. What syndrome is this? Apert syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 24 2 (2007) 186-188
54. Dolenc-Voljc M., and Finzgar-Perme M. Successful isotretinoin treatment of acne in a patient with Apert syndrome. Acta Derm Venereol 88 5 (2008) 534-535
55. Hsieh T., and Ho N. Resolution of acne following therapy with an oral contraceptive in a patient with Apert syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 53 1 (2005) 173-174
56. Solomon L.M., Cohen M.M., and Pruzansky S. Pilosebaceous abnormalities in Apert type acrocephalosyndactyly. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 7 8 (1971) 193-195
57. Henderson C.A., Knaggs H., Clark A., et al. Apert's syndrome and androgen receptor staining of the basal cells of sebaceous glands. Br J Dermatol 132 1 (1995) 139-143
58. Melnik B., and Schmitz G. FGFR2 signaling and the pathogenesis of acne. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 6 9 (2008) 721-728
59. Utumi E.R., Olveira Sales M.A., Shinohara E.H., et al. SAPHO syndrome with temporomandibular joint ankylosis: clinical, radiological, histopathological, and therapeutical correlations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 105 3 (2008) e67-e72
60. Poindexter G., Martinez S., Roubey R.A., et al. Synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis syndrome: a dermatologist's diagnostic dilemma. J Am Acad Dermatol 59 2 Suppl 1 (2008) S53-S54
61. Iqbal M., and Kolodney M.S. Acne fulminans with synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome treated with infliximab. J Am Acad Dermatol 52 5 Suppl 1 (2005) S118-S120
62. Yazici H., Fresko I., and Yurdakul S. Behçet's syndrome: disease manifestations, management, and advances in treatment. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 3 3 (2007) 148-155
63. Hatemi G., Fresko I., Tascilar K., et al. Increased enthesopathy among Behçet's syndrome patients with acne and arthritis: an ultrasonography study. Arthritis Rheum 58 5 (2008) 1539-1545
64. Sfikakis P.P., Markomichelakis N., Alpsoy E., et al. Anti-TNF therapy in the management of Behçet's disease-review and basis for recommendations. Rheumatology 46 5 (2007) 736-741
65. Stichweh D.S., Punaro M., and Pascual V. Dramatic improvement of pyoderma gangrenosum with infliximab in a patient with PAPA syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 22 3 (2005) 262-265
66. Wise C.A., Gillum J.D., Seidman C.E., et al. Mutations in CD2BP1 disrupt binding to PTP PEST and are responsible for PAPA syndrome, an autoinflammatory disorder. Hum Mol Genet 11 8 (2002) 961-969
67. Fitzpatrick J.E., and Aeling J.L. Acne and acneiform eruptions. In: James E.F., and John L.A. (Eds). Dermatology secrets in color. 2nd edition (2005), Elsevier, Philadelphia 146-154
68. Chan H.H., Wing Y., Su R., et al. A control study of the cutaneous side effects of chronic lithium therapy. J Affect Disord 57 1-3 (2000) 107-113
69. Webster G.F. Pustular drug eruptions. Clin Dermatol 11 4 (1993) 541-543
70. Gupta A.K., Knowles S.R., Gupta M.A., et al. Lithium therapy associated with hidradenitis suppurativa: case report and a review of the dermatologic side effects of lithium. J Am Acad Dermatol 32 2 Pt 2 (1995) 382-386
71. Yeung C.K., and Chan H.H. Cutaneous adverse effects of lithium; epidemiology and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 5 1 (2004) 3-8
72. Jacobsen N.W., Halling-Sorensen B., and Birkved F.K. Inhibition of human aromatase complex (CYP19) by antiepileptic drugs. Toxicol In Vitro 22 1 (2008) 146-153
73. Scheinfeld N. Phenytoin in cutaneous medicine: its uses, mechanisms, and side effects. Dermatol Online J 9 3 (2003) 6
74. Scheinfeld N. Impact of phenytoin therapy on the skin and skin disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 3 6 (2004) 655-665
75. Jansen T., Romiti R., Kreuter A., et al. Rosacea fulminans triggered by high-dose vitamin B6 and B12. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15 5 (2001) 484-485
76. Dupre A., Albarel N., Bonafe J.L., et al. Vitamin B-12 induced acne. Cutis 24 2 (1979) 210-211
77. Braun-Falco O., and Lincke H. The problem of vitamin B6/B12 acne. A contribution on acne medicamentosa. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 118 6 (1976) 155-160
78. Sherertz E.F. Acneiform eruption due to "megadose" vitamins B6 and B12. Cutis 48 2 (1991) 119-120
79. Doebelin B., Ly A., Allombert C., et al. [Dermatological side effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors]. Presse Med 37 3 Pt 2 (2008) 485-489 [in French]
80. Hannoud S., Rixe O., Bloch J., et al. Skin signs associated with epidermal growth factor inhibitors. Acta Derm Venereol 133 3 (2006) 239-242
81. Duvic M. EGFR inhibitor-associated acneiform folliculitis: assessment and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 9 5 (2008) 285-294
82. Strauss J.S., Krowchuk D.P., Leyden J.J., et al. Guidelines of care for acne vulgaris management. J Am Acad Dermatol 56 4 (2007) 651-663
83. Oberemok S.S., and Shalita A.R. Acne vulgaris, II: treatment. Cutis 70 2 (2002) 111-116
84. Tenaud I., Khammari A., and Dreno B. In vitro modulation of TLR2, CD1d and IL-10 by adapalene on normal human skin and acne inflammatory lesions. Exp Dermatol 16 6 (2007) 500-506
85. Levine R.M., and Rasmussen J.E. Intralesional corticosteroids in the treatment of nodulocystic acne. Arch Dermatol 119 6 (1983) 480-481
86. Khunger N. Standard guidelines for acne surgery. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 74 Suppl (2008) S28-S36
87. Sigurdsson V., Knulst A.C., and van Weelden H. Phototherapy of acne vulgaris with visible light. Dermatology 194 3 (1997) 256-260
88. Gold M.H. Acne and PDT: new techniques with laser and light sources. Lasers Med Sci 22 2 (2007) 67-72
89. Shnitkind E., Yaping E., Geen S., et al. Anti-inflammatory properties of narrow-band blue light. J Drugs Dermatol 5 7 (2006) 605-610
90. Hongcharu W., Taylor C.R., Chang Y., et al. Topical ALA-photodynamic therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 115 2 (2000) 183-192
91. Itoh Y., Ninomiya Y., Tajima S., et al. Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid. Arch Dermatol 136 9 (2000) 1093-1095
92. Gold M.H. A multi-center study of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory acne vulgaris with topical 20% 5-aminolevulinic acid and a new intense pulsed light source. J Am Acad Dermatol 50 3 Suppl 1 (2004) 14
93. Taub A.F. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of acne: a pilot study. J Drugs Dermatol 3 6 Suppl (2004) S10-S14
94. Santos M.A., Belo V.G., and Santos G. Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid and intense pulsed light versus intense pulsed light alone in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a comparative study. Dermatol Surg 31 8 Pt 1 (2005) 910-915
95. Rojanamatin J., and Choawawanich P. Treatment of inflammatory facial acne vulgaris with intense pulsed light (IPL) and short contact of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg 32 8 (2006) 991-997
96. Johnson M.L., Johnson K.G., and Engel A. Prevalence, morbidity and cost of dermatologic diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 11 5 Pt 2 (1984) 930-936
97. Collier C.N., Harper J.C., Cafardi J.A., et al. The prevalence of acne in adults 20 years and older. J Am Acad Dermatol 58 1 (2008) 56-59
98. Camacho-Martinez F.M. Hair, nails, and mucous membranes. In: Bolognia J.L., Jorizzo J.L., Rapini R.P., et al. (Eds). Dermatology. 2nd edition. vol. 1 (2008), Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia 1017
99. Zaenglein A.L., and Thioboutot D.M. Acne vulgaris. In: Bolognia J.L., Jorizzo J.L., Rapini R.P., et al. (Eds). Dermatology. 2nd edition. vol. 1 (2008), Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia 536
100. Aron D.C., Findling J.W., and Tyrrell J.B. Glucocorticoids and adrenal androgens. In: Greenspan F.S., and Gardner D.G. (Eds). Basic & clinical endocrinology. 7th edition (2004), Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, New York 362-413
101. Orth D.N., and Kovacs W.J. The adrenal cortex. In: Wilson J.D., Foster D.W., Kronenberg H.M., et al. (Eds). Williams textbook of endocrinology. 9th edition (1998), WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 517-664