Fanny wright and the enforcing of prudence: Women, propriety, and transgression in the nineteenth-century public oratory of the United States

Prudence: Classical Virtue, Postmodern Practice

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 189-225

  Oravec, Christine L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 70449579219     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (112)

1. Eugene Garver, Machiavelli and the History of Prudence (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987).
2. Christopher Johnstone, "Practical Wisdom", in Sloane, Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, 634;
3. Robert W. Cape Jr., "Prudence", ibid., 637-40;
4. and Lois Self, "Rhetoric and Phronesis: The Aristotelian Ideal", Philosophy and Rhetoric 12(1979):130-45.
5. Robert Hariman, in "Decorum", in Sloane, Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, 199-209
6. James Jasinski, "Decorum", in Sourcebook on Rhetoric: Key Concepts in Contemporary Rhetorical Studies (Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2001), 148-50.
7. Gaines, "Phronesis", 601.
8. Hariman, "Decorum", 202-5.
9. John Poulakos, "Toward a Sophistic Definition of Rhetoric", Philosophy and Rhetoric 16(1983):35-48;
10. "Interpreting Sophistical Rhetoric: A Response to Schiappa", Philosophy and Rhetoric 23(1990):218-28;
11. and "Terms for a Sophistical Rhetoric", in Rethinking the History of Rhetoric: Multidisciplinary Essays on the Rhetorical Tradition, ed. Takis Poulakos (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993).
12. Edward Schiappa, "Neo-Sophistic Rhetorical Criticism or the Historical Reconstruction of Sophistic Doctrines?" Philosophy and Rhetoric 23(1990):192-217;
13. "History and Neo-Sophistic Criticism: A Reply to Poulakos", Philosophy and Rhetoric 23(1990):307-15;
14. and Protagoras and Logos: A Study in Greek Philosophy and Rhetoric (Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1991), 71-77.
15. Nan Johnson, in "Nineteenth Century Rhetoric", in Sloane, Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, 520
16. Ann Douglas, The Feminization of American Culture (New York: Avon, 1977).
17. Mary P. Ryan, "Gender and Public Access: Women's Politics in Nineteenth-Century America", in Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. Craig Calhoun (Cambridge: MIT Press), 285.
18. Karlyn Kohrs Campbell, Man Cannot Speak for Her, vol. 1 (New York: Greenwood Publishing, Praeger, 1989).
19. Ryan, "Gender and Public Access", 285.
20. Robert Hariman, Political Style: The Artistry of Power (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 62.
21. George Rudé, The Crowd in History: 1730-1848 (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1964);
22. Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man: On the Social Psychology of Capitalism (New York: Vintage, 1976);
23. Nicolaus Mills, The Crowd in American Literature (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986);
24. Lawrence W Levine, Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988).
25. Nicole Tonkovich, "Rhetorical Power in the Victorian Parlor: Godey's Lady's Book and the Gendering of Nineteenth-Century Rhetoric", in Oratorical Culture in Nineteenth-Century America, ed. Gregory Clark and S. Michael Halloran (Carbondale: University of Southern Illinois Press, 1993), 161;
26. Miriam Brody, Manly Writing: Gender, Rhetoric, and the Rise of Composition (Carbondale: University of Southern Illinois Press, 1993), 115.
27. Christine Oravec, "The Sublimation of Mass Consciousness in the Rhetorical Criticism of Jacksonian America", Communication 11(1990):291-314;
28. Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence, 73.
29. Ryan, "Gender and Public Access", 266;
30. Brody, Manly Writing, 110.
31. Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence, 30;
32. Ryan, "Gender and Public Access", 266;
33. Brody, Manly Writing, 91-92.
34. Toril Moi, Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory (London: Methuen, 1985), 167;
35. Susan Griffin, Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her (New York: Harper and Row, 1978).
36. Cmiel states, "The terms genteel and gentility referred to false and pretentious efforts at refinement, or attempts of 'low' people to affect cultivation. Women were often cited as the main offenders" (Democratic Eloquence, 132).
37. Jean Hoornstra and Trudy Heath, eds., American Periodicals, 1741-1900: An Index of Microfilm Collections (Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilm International, 1979).
38. Christine Oravec, "The Democratic Critics: An Alternative American Rhetorical Tradition of the Nineteenth Century", Rhetorica 4(1986):395-421.
39. Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence, 136.
40. Peter Stallybrass and Allon White, The Politics and Poetics of Transgression (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1986), 23.
41. Susan Zaeske, in "The 'Promiscuous Audience' Controversy and the Emergence of the Early Woman's Rights Movement", Quarterly Journal of Speech 81(1995), 191-207
42. M. M. Bakhtin, Rabelais and His World, trans. H. Iswolsky (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1968);
43. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 6-19.
44. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 44.
45. Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence, 15.
46. Brody, Manly Writing, 90.
47. "Female Preaching", The Merrimack Magazine and Monthly Register, April 1, 1825, 94-95.
48. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 118
49. Sennett, Fall of Public Man, 167.
50. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 42.
51. Review of "An Address, delivered at the Laying of the Corner Stone of the Bunker Hill Monument", by Daniel Webster, The U. S. Literary Gazette, August 1825, 331.
52. "Mr. Webster's Speech to the Ladies", New World, October 17, 1840, 317.
53. "The Forum", The National Register, November 30, 1816, 224.
54. "Mr. Webster's Speech to the Ladies", 317.
55. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 135-38.
56. Levine, Highbrow/Lowbrow, 24.
57. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 136.
58. Review of "An Address, delivered at the Laying of the Corner Stone of the Bunker Hill Monument", 329.
59. "Correspondence of the New York Express. Washington, December, 21-Thursday Night", The Jeffersonian, January 5, 1839, 376.
60. "Scenic and Characteristic Outlines of Congress", National Magazine and Republican Review, January 1839, 86.
61. "The Forum", 224.
62. "The Maiden Speech", Democratic Review, May 1843, 506.
63. "Excitement", Reflector, September 1821, 51.
64. "Remarks on the Eloquence of Debate", New England Magazine, August 1, 1834, 114, 115.
65. Cmiel, Democratic Eloquence, 47.
66. "Popular Lectures", U. S. Review and Literary Gazette, November 12, 1826, 131.
67. "American Eloquence. Mr. Webster", New York Mirror, April 6, 1833, 316-17.
68. "From the Philadelphia Inquirer. Extract to the editor, dated Washington, May 7, 1834", The Political Register, May 20, 1834, 844-45.
69. Nina Baym, Novels, Readers, and Reviewers: Responses to Fiction in Antebellum America (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984), 170-71.
70. Ryan, "Gender and Public Access", 268-69.
71. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 83;
72. Levine, Highbrow/Lowbrow, 195.
73. Levine, Highbrow/Lowbrow, 26-27.
74. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 83, 84.
75. Levine, Highbrow/Lowbrow, 198-99.
76. Kathryn Shevelow, "Fathers and Daughters: Women as Readers of the Tatler", Gender and Reading: Essays on Readers, Texts, and Contexts, ed. Elizabeth A. Flynn and Patroncinio P. Schweickart (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 107-23.
77. "Mr. Webster's Speech to the Ladies", 317.
78. "Cabinet Councils, No. 1", New England Magazine, April 1835, 319.
79. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 119, 187.
80. "Lectures and Lecturers", New World, March 12, 1842, 174.
81. Stallybrass and White, Transgression, 87.
82. Kathleen Edgerton Kendall and Jeanne Y. Fisher, "Frances Wright on Women's Rights: Eloquence Versus Ethos", Quarterly Journal of Speech. 60(1974):58-68;
83. Elizabeth Ann Bartlett, Liberty, Equality, Sorority: The Origins and Interpretation of American Feminist Thought: Frances Wright, Sarah Grimke, and Margaret Fuller (New York: Carlson Publishing, 1994), 26.
84. Bartlett, Liberty, Equality, Sorority, 27-28;
85. Molly Abel Travis, "Frances Wright: The Other Woman of Early American Feminism", Women's Studies 22(1993):389-97.
86. Frances Wright, "Lectures on Knowledge. As Delivered in the Park Theatre, City of New York", The Free Enquirer, March 4, 1829, 145.
87. Review of "Art II. A Treatise on the Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Husband and Wife, at Law and in Equity", by James Clancy, Esq., Barrister at Law, American Quarterly Review, December 1835, 308.
88. "News from Boston", [a letter from the Boston Courier] The Free Enquirer, August 12, 1829, 329.
89. "From the Boston Gazette", The Free Enquirer, July 22, 1829, 308.
90. "News from Boston", 329.
91. "Miss Wright's Oration", [from the Philadelphia Album,] The Free Enquirer, July 22, 1829, 311.
92. "For the Boston Gazette", The Free Enquirer, July 22, 1829, 308. (Note: The articles entitled "From the Boston Gazette" and "For the Boston Gazette" appear in the same issue of The Free Enquirer, and on the same page. They are two separate entries.)
93. "Miss Wright's Oration", 311;
94. "Miss Wright's Parting Address", [from the Courier and Enquirer,] The Free Enquirer, January 19, 1830, 267;
95. [Letter to the Editor from the Boston Free-Press,] The Free Enquirer, August 12, 1829, 330.
96. [Letter to the Editor from the Boston Free-Press,] 330;
97. "Miss Wright's Oration", 311;
98. "Miss Wright's Parting Address", 267-68.
99. Wright, "Lectures on Knowledge", 145.
100. "Madame Roland", [From the Washington Chronicle,] The Free Enquirer, November 12, 1828, 19.
101. "Orthodox Charges against the French Revolution of '89", The Free Enquirer, November 12, 1828, 24.
102. "Rev. Edward Irving", [from the London Magazine,] The Free Enquirer, December 6, 1828, 43.
103. "Orthodox Charges against the French Revolution of '89", 23;
104. "From the Savage. Sermons", The Free Enquirer, April 29, 1829, 209-10.
105. Wright, "Lectures on Knowledge"
106. "Miss Wright's Oration", 311.
107. "For the Boston Gazette", 308.
108. Carole Spitzack and Kathryn Carter, "Women in Communication Studies: A Typology for Revision", Quarterly Journal of Speech 73(1987):401-23.
109. "From the People's Journal. Memoirs of William Lloyd Garrison by Mary Howitt", The Pennsylvania Freeman, March 25, 1847, 4.
110. Cape, "Prudence", 640.
111. Sennett, Fall of Public Man, 206.
112. Kathleen Hall Jamieson, in Eloquence in an Electronic Age: The Transformation of Political Speechmaking (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 81-89, makes a similar argument for the notion of a feminine style functioning today in the televised political speaking to mass audiences performed by both men and women. In this case, however, I would argue that broadcast technology as it currently exists merely provides the illusion of audience participation.