Improving Pain Recognition Through Better Utilisation of Temporal Information

International Conference on Auditory-Visual Speech Processing 2008, AVSP 2008

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 167-172

  Lucey, Patrick ^a   Howlett, Jessica ^a   Cohn, Jeff ^b   Lucey, Simon ^b   Sridharan, Sridha ^a   Ambadar, Zara ^c  

^a QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

^b CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Action units (AUs); Active appearance models (AAM); Facial expression; Pain; Visual speech recognition

Indexed keywords

EMOTION RECOGNITION; FACE RECOGNITION; SPEECH RECOGNITION;

ACTION UNIT; ACTIVE APPEARANCE MODEL; ACTIVE APPEARANCE MODELS; FACIAL ACTION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS; PAIN; TEMPORAL INFORMATION; TEMPORAL SIGNALS; VISUAL SPEECH RECOGNITION;

HEALTH;

EID: 70449566223     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (28)

1. Ashraf, A., Lucey, S., Cohn, J., Chen, T., Ambadar, Z., Prkachin, K., Solomon, P., & Theobald, B., “The painful face: Pain expression using active appearance models”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces – ICMI, 9–14, 2007.
2. Williams, A., Davies, H., & Chadury, Y., “Simple pain rating scales hide complex idiosyncratic meanings”, Pain, 85, 457–463, 2000.
3. Craig, K., Prkachin, K., & Grunau, R., “The facial expression of pain”, In Handbook of pain assessment (Turk, D. & Melzack, R., eds.), Guildord, New York, 2nd edition, 2001.
4. Cohn, J., Ambadar, Z., & Ekman, P., “Observer-based measurement of facial expression with the facial action coding system”, In The handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment (Coan, A., & Allen, J., eds.), Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 203–221, 2007.
5. Ekman, P., Friesen, W., & Hager, J., Facial Action Coding System: Research Nexus. Network Reseach Information, Salt Lake City, UT, 2002.
6. Pantic, M., Pentland, A., Niholt, A., & Huang, T., “Human computing and machine understanding of human behavior: A survey”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces – ICMI, 2006.
7. Tian, Y., Cohn, J., Kanade, T., “Facial expression analysis”, In Handbook of face recognition (Li, S., & Jain, A., eds.), Springer, New York, NY, 247–276, 2005.
8. Bartlett, M., Littlewort, G., Frank, M., Lainscsek, C., Fasel, I, & Movellan, J., “Fully automatic facial action recognition in spontaneous behavior”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 223–228, 2006.
9. Cohn, J., & Schmidt, K., “The timing of facial motion in posed and spontaneous smiles”, International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing, 2, 1-12, 2004.
10. Valstar, M., Pantic, M., Ambadar, Z., & Cohn, J., “Spontaneous vs. posed facial behavior: Automatic analysis of brow actions”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces –ICMI, 162–170, 2006.
11. Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Rosenfeld, A., & Phillips, P., “Face recognition: A literature survey”, ACM Computing Surveys, 399–458, 2003.
12. Potamianos, G., Neti, C., Gravier, G., Garg, A., & Senior, A. W., “Recent advances in the automatic recognition of audio-visual speech”, In Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(9), 1306–1326, 2003.
13. Tong, Y., Liao, W., & Ji, Q., “Facial action unit recognition by exploiting their dynamic and semantic relationships”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 29(10), 1683–1699, 2007.
14. Cootes, T., Edwards, G., & Taylor, C., “Active appearance models”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 23(6), 681–685, 2001.
15. Matthews, I., Xiao, J., & Baker, S., “2D vs 3D deformable face models: Represenational power, construction, and real-time fitting”, International Journal of Computer Vision, 75(1), Springer Netherlands, Netherlands, 93–113, 2007.
16. Lucey, S., Ashraf, A., & Cohn, J., “Investigating spontaneous facial action recognition through AAM representations of the face”, In Face Recognition Book (Kurihara. K., ed.), Pro Literatur Verlag, Mammendorf, Germany, April, 2007.
17. Turk, M., & Pentland, A., “Eigenfaces for recognition”, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 3(1), 1991.
18. Potamianos, G., Neti, C., Iyengar, G., Senior, A., & Verma, A., “A cascade visual front end for speaker independent automatic speechreading”, International Journal of Speech Technology, 4(3-4), 193–208, 2001.
19. Craig, K., Hyde, S., & Patrick., C., “Genuine, suppressed and faked facial behavior during exacerbation of chronic low back pain”, Pain, 46(2), 161–171, 1991.
20. Bartlett, M., Littlewort, G., Frank, M., Lainscsek, C., Fasel, I., & Movellan, J., “Recognizing facial expression: Machine learning and application to spontaneous behavior”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition – CVPR, 2, 568–573, 2005.
21. Donato, G., Bartlett, M., Hager, J., Ekman, P., & Sejnowski, T., “Classifying facial actions”, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 21(10), 974–989, 1999.
22. Zhang, Z., ‘Feature-based facial expression recognition: Sensitivity analysis and experiments with a multi-layer perceptron”, International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 1998.
23. Matthews, I., & Baker, S., “Active appearance models revisited”, International Journal of Computer Vision, 60(2), 135–164, 2004.
24. Young, S., Everman, G., Hain, T., Kershaw, D. Moore, G., Odell, J., et al. The HTK Book (for HTK Version 3.2.1). Entropic Ltd, 2002.
25. Lien, J., Kanade, T., Cohn, J., & Li, C., “Detection, tracking, and classification of Action units in facial expression”, Journal of Robotics and Autonomous System, 31, 131–146, 2000.
26. Hsu, C., Chang, C., & Lin, C., “A practical guide to support vector classifcation”, Technical Report, 2005.
27. Teklap, A., Digital Video Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1995.
28. Lucey, P., Visual Speech Across Multiple Views, PhD thesis, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, 2007.