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1
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70449465606
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note
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We use quotations around war on terror initially to signal that the term 'war on terror', its very language and the set of military, institutional and bureaucratic practices it embodies, is a contested idea and that, as authors, we recognise this contestation. From here onwards in the article the term is used without quotation marks.
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2
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70449465605
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Global "War on Terror", Civil Society and Aid
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Note
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The article is based upon secondary research and fieldwork conducted in Afghanistan, Kenya, India, USA and the UK between 2005 and 2008. It forms part of a larger project on the 'Global "War on Terror", Civil Society and Aid' funded by the Economic and Social Research Council programme on Non-governmental Public Action.
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4
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77950181564
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For a detailed discussion of the emerging trends in thinking in the 1990s about development, civil society and security, see J Howell & J Lind, London: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming, ch 2
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For a detailed discussion of the emerging trends in thinking in the 1990s about development, civil society and security, see J Howell & J Lind, Counter-terrorism, Aid and Civil Society: Before and After the War on Terror, London: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming 2009, ch 2.
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(2009)
Counter-terrorism, Aid and Civil Society: Before and After the War on Terror
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6
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70449491255
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Note
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Other factors also added to a growing concern about national security in Australia, such as instability in Fiji, the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste, and influenced the overall context of aid and development policy. See Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), DAC Peer Review: Australia, Paris: OECD, 2005, p 22, at www.oecd.org/dac, accessed February 2008.
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(2005)
DAC Peer Review: Australia, Paris
, pp. 22
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7
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70449476339
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AUSAID, Canberra: Government of Australia, For a detailed analysis of counter-terrorism policy in Australia and its effects on civil society
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AUSAID, Counter Terrorism and Australian Aid, Canberra: Government of Australia, 2002, p 4. For a detailed analysis of counter-terrorism policy in Australia and its effects on civil society,
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(2002)
Counter Terrorism and Australian Aid
, pp. 4
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8
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77953153861
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Counter-terrorism policing in Australia-impacts on civil society
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J Howell & J Lind (eds), Stirling, VA: Kumarian Press, forthcoming
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A Pettitt, 'Counter-terrorism policing in Australia-impacts on civil society', in J Howell & J Lind (eds), Civil Society under Strain: Counter-terrorism Policy, Aid and Civil Society Post-9/11, Stirling, VA: Kumarian Press, forthcoming 2009.
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(2009)
Civil Society under Strain: Counter-terrorism Policy, Aid and Civil Society Post-9/11
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Pettitt, A.1
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10
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84905130452
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Aid and security after the tsunami
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archived speech delivered on 27 October
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B Davis, 'Aid and security after the tsunami', archived speech delivered on 27 October 2005.
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(2005)
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Davis, B.1
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12
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70449461574
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47% of total bilateral Australian ODA went to Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands and 42% to Asia
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In 2003 47% of total bilateral Australian ODA went to Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands and 42% to Asia.
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(2003)
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13
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70449482822
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A similar project is the Enhanced Cooperation Programme directed at Papua New Guinea
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For a detailed critical discussion of this
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A similar project is the Enhanced Cooperation Programme directed at Papua New Guinea. For a detailed critical discussion of this,
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15
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70449465604
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N ontrast the percentage of aid devoted to infrastructure over the same period fell from 15% in 1999-2000 to 7% in 2005-06
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In contrast the percentage of aid devoted to infrastructure over the same period fell from 15% in 1999-2000 to 7% in 2005-06.
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16
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70449487732
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In contrast the percentage of aid devoted to infrastructure over the same period fell from 15% in 1999-2000 to 7% in 2005-06
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In contrast the percentage of aid devoted to infrastructure over the same period fell from 15% in 1999-2000 to 7% in 2005-06, p 177.
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17
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70449474051
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For education it fell from 27% to 14%. Parliamentary Library, Department of Parliamentary Services, 1 May, Note that O'Connor et al put the 1999-2002 figure for education at 18%
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For education it fell from 27% to 14%. Parliamentary Library, Department of Parliamentary Services, Research Note: The Changing Focus of Australia's Aid Programme-Budget 2004-2005, 59, 1 May 2004, p 1. Note that O'Connor et al put the 1999-2002 figure for education at 18%.
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(2004)
Research Note: The Changing Focus of Australia's Aid Programme-Budget 2004-2005
, vol.59
, pp. 1
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19
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70449482823
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Parliamentary Library
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Parliamentary Library, Research Note, p 1.
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Research Note
, pp. 1
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26
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70449470039
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Realizing the goals of transformational diplomacy
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testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 15 February
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Condoleezza Rice, 'Realizing the goals of transformational diplomacy', testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 15 February 2006, at http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/61209.htm.
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(2006)
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Rice, C.1
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27
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70449463877
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Diplomats will be shifted to hot spots
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19 January
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'Diplomats will be shifted to hot spots', Washington Post, 19 January 2006.
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(2006)
Washington Post
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28
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70449508169
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US Foreign Aid: Meeting the challenges of the twenty-first century
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Preface by then USAID Administrator Andrew Natsios to, Bureau for Policy and Program Coordination, US Agency for International Development
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Preface by then USAID Administrator Andrew Natsios to 'US Foreign Aid: Meeting the challenges of the twenty-first century'. White Paper, Bureau for Policy and Program Coordination, US Agency for International Development, 2004.
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(2004)
White Paper
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29
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70449505486
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Foreign Aid and the War on Terrorism
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USAID, USAID Summer Seminar Series
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USAID, 'Foreign Aid and the "War on Terrorism"', USAID Summer Seminar Series, 2005, at http://www.usaid.gov/km/seminars/2005/0809.html.
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(2005)
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30
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70449477104
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OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC)
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OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC), United States Donor Aid Charts, at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/30/40039096.gif.
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United States Donor Aid Charts
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31
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84892061285
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Africa Command: US strategic interests and the role of the US Military in Africa
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CRS Report for Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service
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L Ploch, 'Africa Command: US strategic interests and the role of the US Military in Africa'. CRS Report for Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2007.
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(2007)
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Ploch, L.1
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33
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27444431621
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US democracy promotion in the Arab middle east since 11 September 2001: A critique
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K Dalacoura, 'US democracy promotion in the Arab middle east since 11 September 2001: a critique', International Affairs, 81, 2005, pp 963-976.
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(2005)
International Affairs
, vol.81
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Dalacoura, K.1
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34
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39049098586
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At freedoms frontiers. A democracy and governance strategic framework
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USAID, PD-ACF-999, Washington, DC: USAID
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USAID, 'At freedoms frontiers. A democracy and governance strategic framework', PD-ACF-999, Washington, DC: USAID, 2005.
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(2005)
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35
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Foreign Aid and the War on Terrorism
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USAID
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USAID, 'Foreign Aid and the "War on Terrorism".
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36
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70449471168
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Democracy's special forces face heat
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6 February
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'Democracy's "special forces" face heat', Christian Science Monitor, 6 February 2006.
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(2006)
Christian Science Monitor
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37
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70449508163
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Democracy push by Bush attracts doubters in party
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17 March
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'Democracy push by Bush attracts doubters in party', New York Times, 17 March 2006.
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(2006)
New York Times
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38
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34047101210
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The realities of exporting democracy
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25 January
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'The realities of exporting democracy', Washington Post, 25 January 2006.
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(2006)
Washington Post
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39
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70449467789
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For a detailed examination of the effects of counter-terrorism policy under the war on terror regime on US civil society
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For a detailed examination of the effects of counter-terrorism policy under the war on terror regime on US civil society,
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40
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70449482820
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The post-September 11 counter-terrorism regime in the United States: A hostile environment for NGOs
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Howell & Lind, ch 4
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K Guinane & SK Sazawal, 'The post-September 11 counter-terrorism regime in the United States: a hostile environment for NGOs', in Howell & Lind, Civil Society under Strain, ch 4.
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Civil Society under Strain
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Guinane, K.1
Sazawal, S.K.2
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41
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70449476338
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Anti-Terrorist financing guidelines: Voluntary best practices for US-based charities
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US Department of the Treasury
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US Department of the Treasury, 'Anti-Terrorist financing guidelines: Voluntary best practices for US-based charities', at http://www.treas.gov/offices/enforcement/key-issues/protecting/docs/guid elines_charities.pdf.
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43
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70449479105
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Prime Minister's Speech to Congress
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Office of the Prime Minister, 17 July, accessed 6 September 2005
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T Blair, 'Prime Minister's Speech to Congress', Office of the Prime Minister, 17 July 2003, at www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm, accessed 6 September 2005.
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(2003)
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Blair, T.1
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46
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70449479104
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Insecurity, lawlessness, crime and violent conflict are among the biggest obstacles to achievement of the Millennium Development Goals; they also destroy development
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'insecurity, lawlessness, crime and violent conflict are among the biggest obstacles to achievement of the Millennium Development Goals; they also destroy development'.
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49
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70449463868
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Greater than the Sum of its Parts?
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Stewart & Brown, Greater than the Sum of its Parts?.
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Stewart1
Brown2
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50
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70449491251
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The Global Pool is chaired by the Foreign Secretary and the Africa Pool by the Secretary of State for International Development
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The Global Pool is chaired by the Foreign Secretary and the Africa Pool by the Secretary of State for International Development.
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52
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70449508165
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DFID
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DFID, 2005(a), p 20.
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(2005)
, pp. 20
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53
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70449488992
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It was originally chaired by the JDCC
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It was originally chaired by the JDCC.
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54
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70449496273
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It should be noted, however, that these interdepartmental relations are not without tensions
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It should be noted, however, that these interdepartmental relations are not without tensions.
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55
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84900091773
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Civil society, the new humanitarianism and the stabilisation debate: Judging the impact of the Afghan war
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in Howell & Lind, ch 7, for a further discussion of this
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S Gordon, 'Civil society, the "new humanitarianism" and the stabilisation debate: judging the impact of the Afghan war', in Howell & Lind, Civil Society under Strain, ch 7, for a further discussion of this.
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Civil Society under Strain
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Gordon, S.1
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57
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DFID
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DFID, 2005(a), p 24.
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63
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DFID, December
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DFID, DFID Pakistan Factsheet, at www.dfid.gov.uk/Pubs/files.pakistan-factsheet, December 2007.
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(2007)
DFID Pakistan Factsheet
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The merging of counter-terrorism and anti-money laundering regimes
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B Zagaris, 'The merging of counter-terrorism and anti-money laundering regimes', Law and Policy in International Business, 34 (1), 2002, pp 45-108.
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66
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Development Cooperation Directorate, Development Assistance Committee, OECD
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Development Cooperation Directorate, Development Assistance Committee, OECD, Aid Table on Afghanistan, 2007, at http://www.oecd.org/department/0,3355,en_2649_33721_1_1_1_1_1,00.html.
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Aid Table on Afghanistan
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68
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Sweden: Gross bilateral ODA, 2005-2006
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OECD-DAC tables
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'Sweden: gross bilateral ODA, 2005-2006', OECD-DAC tables, at www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/51/40039148.gif.
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OECD
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Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), SIDA's Direction. Where We Are. Where We Are Going. Sweden: SIDA, 2006.
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SIDA's Direction. Where We Are. Where We Are Going
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72
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Focused bilateral development cooperation
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Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 27 August
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'Focused bilateral development cooperation', Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 27 August 2007, at http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/9382/a/86595;jsessionid=a58J02FBzBqg.
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74
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Sweden tightens rules on Iraqi asylum seekers
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Reuters, 9 July
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'Sweden tightens rules on Iraqi asylum seekers', Reuters, 9 July 2007.
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(2007)
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75
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The tragically high price of helping Americans
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23 May
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'The tragically high price of helping Americans', Spiegel Online, 23 May 2007, at www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,01518,484047,00.html.
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(2007)
Spiegel Online
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Iraqi Afghan refugees face expulsion from Scandinavia
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8 August
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'Iraqi Afghan refugees face expulsion from Scandinavia', Oneworld News, 8 August 2007, at http://us.oneworld.net/article/view/152096/1/.
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(2007)
Oneworld News
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