Carbamate poisoning: treatment recommendations in the setting of a mass casualties event

American Journal of Emergency Medicine

Volumn 27, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 1117-1124

  Rosman, Yossi ^a   Makarovsky, Igor ^a   Bentur, Yedidia ^b   Shrot, Shai ^a   Dushnistky, Tsvika ^a   Krivoy, Amir ^a  

^a CBRN Medicine Branch   (Israel)

^b TECHNION ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ATROPINE; BENZODIAZEPINE; CARBAMATE PESTICIDE; DIAZEPAM; HYPERTENSIVE FACTOR; INFUSION FLUID; MIDAZOLAM; OBIDOXIME; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; OXIME DERIVATIVE; PRALIDOXIME; PRALIDOXIME CHLORIDE; PRALIDOXIME MESILATE; TRIMEDOXIME;

ABDOMINAL CRAMP; AGITATION; ALGORITHM; BRADYCARDIA; BRONCHOSPASM; BRONCHUS SECRETION; CARBAMATE POISONING; CARBOMATE POISIONING; CHEMICAL BOND; COMA; CONFUSION; CYANOSIS; DIARRHEA; DRUG MEGADOSE; DYSPNEA; FASCICULATION; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOXEMIA; INCONTINENCE; INTOXICATION; LACRIMATION; LUNG EDEMA; MASS DISASTER; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MIOSIS; MUSCLE TWITCH; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; NONHUMAN; OXYGENATION; PARALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY ARREST; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; REVIEW; RHINORRHEA; RISK ASSESSMENT; SALIVATION; SEIZURE; SWEATING; TACHYCARDIA; URINE INCONTINENCE; VOMITING;

ANTIDOTES; ATROPINE; CARBAMATES; CHEMICAL TERRORISM; HUMANS; INSECTICIDES; MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS; MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS; OXIMES; POISONING;

EID: 70449504467     PISSN: 07356757     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.01.035     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. Eisenkraft A., and Dushnitsky T. Toxic industrial compounds-the threat is out there. Isr Med Assoc J 9 9 (2007) 676
2. Burklow T.R., Yu C.E., and Madsen J.M. Industrial chemicals: terrorist weapons of opportunity. Pediatr Ann 32 4 (2003) 230-234
3. Krivoy A., Layish I., Rotman E., Goldberg A., and Yehezkelli Y. OP or not OP: the medical challenge at the chemical terrorism scene. Prehosp Disaster Med 20 3 (2005) 155-158
4. Lee E.C. Clinical manifestations of sarin nerve gas exposure. JAMA 290 5 (2003) 659-662
5. Erdman A.R. Pesticides-insecticides. In: Dart R.C. (Ed). Medical toxicology. 3rd ed. (2003), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 1487-1492
6. Lima J.S., and Reis C.A. Poisoning due to illegal use of carbamates as a rodenticide in Rio de Janeiro. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 33 6 (1995) 687-690
7. Saadeh A.M., al-Ali M.K., Farsakh N.A., and Ghani M.A. Clinical and sociodemographic features of acute carbamate and organophosphate poisoning: a study of 70 adult patients in north Jordan. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 34 1 (1996) 45-51
8. Wesseling C., Keifer M., Ahlbom A., McConnell R., Moon J.D., Rosenstock L., and Hogstedt C. Long-term neurobehavioral effects of mild poisonings with organophosphate and n-methyl carbamate pesticides among banana workers. Int J Occup Environ Health 8 1 (2002) 27-34
9. Yang P.Y., Tsao T.C., Lin J.L., Lyu R.K., and Chiang P.C. Carbofuran-induced delayed neuropathy. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 38 1 (2000) 43-46
10. Umehara F., Izumo S., Arimura K., and Osame M. Polyneuropathy induced by m-tolyl methyl carbamate intoxication. J Neurol 238 1 (1991) 47-48
11. Dickoff D.J., Gerber O., and Turovsky Z. Delayed neurotoxicity after ingestion of carbamate pesticide. Neurology 37 7 (1987) 1229-1231
12. Branch R.A., and Jacqz E. Subacute neurotoxicity following long-term exposure to carbaryl. Am J Med 80 4 (1986) 741-745
13. Clark R.F. Insecticides: organic phosphorous compounds and carbamates. In: Goldfrank L.R., Flomenbaum M., Hoffman R.J., Howland M.A., Lewin N.A., and Nelson L.S. (Eds). Goldfrank's toxocologic emergencies. 8th ed (2002), The McGraw-Hill Companies, United States of America 1497-1512
14. Wilson B.W., Hooper M.J., Hansen M.E., and Nieberg P.S. Reactivation of organophosphorus inhibited AChE with oximes. In: Chambers J.E., and Levi P.E. (Eds). Organophosphates-chemistry, fate and effects (1992), Academic Press, Inc., San Diego (CA) 108-141
15. POISINDEX(R) Information System. Consensus: Pesticide Specialty Board (1986), Micromedex, Inc., Greenwood Village (Colo)
16. Carlton Jr. F.B., Simpson W.M., and Haddad L.M. The organophosphates and other pesticides. In: Haddad L.M., Shannon M.W., and Winchester J.F. (Eds). Clinical management of poisoning and drug overdose. 3rd ed (1998), Saunders 836-845
17. In: Brent J., Wallace K.L., Burkhart K.K., Phillips S.D., and Donovan J.W. (Eds). Critical Care Toxicology - Diagnosis and Management of the Critically Poisoned Patient (2005), Elsevier Mosby, Philadelphia, PA
18. Olson K.R. Poisoning & drug overdose. 5th ed. (2006), McGraw-Hill Medical
19. Farago A. Fatal suicidal case of Sevin (1-naphthyl-N-methyl-carbamate) poisoning. Arch Toxikol 24 4 (1969) 309-315
20. Burgess J.L., Bernstein J.N., and Hurlbut K. Aldicarb poisoning. A case report with prolonged cholinesterase inhibition and improvement after pralidoxime therapy. Arch Intern Med 154 2 (1994) 221-224
21. Ekins B.R., and Geller R.J. Methomyl-induced carbamate poisoning treated with pralidoxime chloride. West J Med 161 1 (1994) 68-70
22. Nelson L.S., Perrone J., DeRoos F., Stork C., and Hoffman R.S. Aldicarb poisoning by an illicit rodenticide imported into the United States: Tres Pasitos. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 39 5 (2001) 447-452
23. Carpenter C.P., Weil C.S., Palm P.E., Woodside M.W., Nair J.H.I., and Smyth Jr. H.F. Insecticide toxicology, mammalian toxicity of 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate (Sevin insecticide). J Agric Food Chem 9 1 (1961) 30-39
24. Sanderson D.M. Treatment of poisoning by anticholinesterase insecticides in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 13 (1961) 435-442
25. Harris L.W., Talbot B.G., Lennox W.J., and Anderson D.R. The relationship between oxime-induced reactivation of carbamylated acetylcholinesterase and antidotal efficacy against carbamate intoxication. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 98 1 (1989) 128-133
26. Natoff I.L., and Reiff B. Effect of oximes on the acute toxicity of anticholinesterase carbamates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 25 4 (1973) 569-575
27. Sterri S.H., Rognerud B., Fiskum S.E., and Lyngaas S. Effect of toxogonin and P2S on the toxicity of carbamates and organophosphorus compounds. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 45 1 (1979) 9-15
28. Lieske C.N., Clark J.H., Maxwell D.M., Zoeffel L.D., and Sultan W.E. Studies of the amplification of carbaryl toxicity by various oximes. Toxicol Lett 62 2-3 (1992) 127-137
29. Clark J.H., Meyer H.G., Sultan W.E., Shutz M., Byrd P., Chipman M., Green M., and Lieske C.N. Studies on the aggravation of carbaryl poisoning by 2-PAM (1983), Division of Pesticide Chemistry, Washington (DC)
30. Dawson R.M., and Poretski M. Carbamylated acetylcholinesterase: acceleration of decarbamylation by bispyridinium oximes. Biochem Pharmacol 34 24 (1985) 4337-4340
31. Dawson R.M. Rate constants of carbamylation and decarbamylation of acetylcholinesterase for physostigmine and carbaryl in the presence of an oxime. Neurochem Int 24 2 (1994) 173-182
32. Dawson R.M. Oxime effects on the rate constants of carbamylation and decarbamylation of acetylcholinesterase for pyridostigmine, physostigmine and insecticidal carbamates. Neurochem Int 26 6 (1995) 643-654
33. Mercurio-Zappala M., Hack J.B., Salvador A., and Hoffman R.S. Pralidoxime in carbaryl poisoning: an animal model. Hum Exp Toxicol 26 2 (2007) 125-129
34. Reese T.V. Organophosphate poisoning. Am Fam Physician 29 2 (1984) 45-47
35. Sidell F.R., Urbanetti J.S., Smith W.J., and Hurst C.G. Textbook of military medicine: medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare v.1 (1997), Office of the Surgeon General Department of the Army, Washington (DC)