Wheels in a land of camels: Another look at the chariot in Arabia

Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 156-184

  Macdonald, M C A ^a  

^a Oriental Institute   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Arabia; Artistic conventions; Chariot; Equids; Hismaic inscriptions; Onomastics; Rock art; Thamudic

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; ARCHAEOLOGY; ROCK ART;

ARABIAN PENINSULA; ASIA; EURASIA; MIDDLE EAST;

CAMELIDAE; EQUIDAE;

EID: 70449475701     PISSN: 09057196     EISSN: 16000471     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0471.2009.00312.x     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Anati E. Rock-Art in Central Arabia 1968, Vol. 1, Leuven, Institut Orientaliste (Bibliothèque du Muséon, vol. 50
2. Anati E. L'art rupestre, Negev et Sinaï 1979, Paris, L'Equerre
3. Al-Ansary AT. Qaryat al-Fau. A Portrait of Pre-Islamic Civilisation in Saudi Arabia 1982, London, Croom Helm
4. Barnett RD, Falkner M. The Sculptures of II (883-859 B.C.), Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727 B.C.), Esarhaddon (681-669 B.C.) from the Central and South-West Palaces at Nimrud 1962, London, British Museum
5. Beeston AFL. Warfare in Ancient South Arabia (2nd.-3rd. centuries A.D. 1976, London, Luzac, = Qahtan: Studies in Old South Arabian Epigraphy, vol. 3
6. Budge EAW. Assyrian Sculptures in the British Museum. Reign of Ashur-Nasir-Pal, 885-860 B.C. 1914, London, British Museum
7. Bulliet RW. The Camel and the Wheel 1975, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press
8. Campetti S, Borzatti von Löwenstern E. L'altra umanità. Origini storia e arte dei nomadi della tenda nera 1983, Firenze, Sansoni
9. Caskel W. . Das genealogische Werk des Hišām ibn 1966, ed, 2 vols, Leiden, Brill
10. Clark VA. A Study of New Safaitic Inscriptions from Jordan 1979, [1983], unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Melbourne, Ann Arbor, MI, University Microfilms International
11. Clarke C. 'Rock Art'. Pages 47-49 in P.J. Parr, J. Zarins, M. Ibrahim, J. Waechter, A. Garrard, C. Clarke, M. Bidmead & H. al-Badr, Preliminary Report on the Second Phase of the Northern Province Survey 1397/1977. Atlal 1978, 2:29-50.
12. Clutton-Brock J. A Natural History of Domesticated Animals 1987, London, British Museum (Natural History)
13. Clutton-Brock J. Horse Power: A history of the horse and the donkey in human societies 1992, London, Natural History Museum Publications
14. Cohen D. Dictionnaire des racines sémitiques ou attestées dans les langues sémitiques, comprenant un fichier comparatif de Jean Cantineau 1970, Fasc. 1, Paris, Mouton
15. Collon D. Hunting and shooting. Anatolian Studies 1983, 33:51-56.
16. Crone P. 'Barefoot and Naked': What did the Bedouin in the Arab Conquests Look Like?. Muqarnas 2008, 25:1-10.
17. Cross FM. A New Aramaic Stele from . Catholic Biblical Quarterly 1986, 48:387-394.
18. Curtis J, Tallis N. Forgotten Empire. The world of Ancient Persia 2005, eds, London, British Museum Press
19. Derenbourg J. Version arabe du Pentateuque de R. Saadia ben Iosef al-Fayyoûmî 1893, ed, Paris, Leroux, = Œuvres complètes de R. Saadia ben Iosef al-Fayyoûmî, vol. 1
20. Derenbourg J, Derenbourg H. Version arabe d'Isaïe de R. Saadia ben Iosef al-Fayyoûmî 1896, eds, Paris, Leroux, = Œuvres complètes de R. Saadia ben Iosef al-Fayyoûmî, vol. 3
21. Drijvers HJW. The Religion of Palmyra 1976, Leiden, Brill (Iconography of Religions, vol. 15/15)
22. Euting J. Tagbuch einer Reise in Inner-Arabien [I] 1896, Leiden, Brill
23. Fowler JD. Theophoric Personal Names in Ancient Hebrew. A Comparative Study 1988, Sheffield, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement Series, 49
24. Gesenius W, Kautzsch E, Cowley AE. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar as edited and enlarged by the late E. Kautsch 1946, Revised by A.E. Cowley. [Reprinted from corrected sheets of the second edition, 1910], Oxford, Clarendon Press
25. Harding GL. The Cairn of . Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 1953, 2:8-56.
26. Harding GL. A Safaitic Drawing and Text. Levant 1969, 1:68-72.
27. Harding GL. An Index and Concordance of Pre-Islamic Arabian Names and Inscriptions 1971a, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, Near and Middle East Series 8
28. Harding GL. Part II: Epigraphy. Pages 36-61 in P.J. Parr, G.L. Harding & J.E. Dayton, Preliminary Survey in N.W. Arabia, 1968. Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, University of London 1971b, 10:23-61. [1972]
29. Hazim R. Die safaitischen theophoren Namen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung 1986, Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doctorwürde des Fachbereichs Aussereuropäische Sprachen und Kulturen der Philipps-Universität Marburg/Lahn
30. Hess JJ. Von den Beduinen des Innern Arabiens. Erzählungen/Lieder/Sitten und Gebräuche 1938, Zurich/Leipzig, Niehans
31. Jacobs B, Macdonald MCA. Ritzzeichnung eines Reiters aus der Umgebung von . Orient-Archäologie 18.
32. Jamme A. Miscellanées d'ancient [sic] arabe 1974, vol. 5, Washington, DC, [Privately produced]
33. Jastrow M. A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature 1967, Brooklyn, NY, Shalom
34. Jaussen A, Savignac MR. Mission archéologique en Arabie 1909-1922, 5 vols, Paris, Leroux/Geuthner
35. King GMH. The Basalt Desert Rescue Survey and Some Preliminary Remarks on the Safaitic Inscriptions and Rock Drawings. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 1990a, 20:55-78.
36. King GMH. Early North Arabian Thamudic E. Preliminary Description Based on a New Corpus of Inscriptions from the Desert of Southern Jordan and Published Material 1990b, Unpubl. PhD thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
37. Koehler L, Baumgartner W. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament 1994-2000, Leiden, Brill
38. Kurpershoek PM. Oral Poetry and Narratives from Central Arabia. II. The Story of a Desert Knight: The Legend of and Other Heroes. An Edition with Translation and Introduction 1995, Leiden, Brill (Studies in Arabic Literature, vol. 17/2)
39. Lane EW. An Arabic-English Lexicon, Derived from the Best and Most Copious Eastern Sources 1863-1893, London, Williams & Norgate
40. Lidzbarski M. Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik 1915, vol. III, Giessen, Ricker & Töpelmann
41. Littauer MA. Rock Carvings of Chariots in Transcaucasia, Central Asia and Outer Mongolia. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 1977, 43:243-262.
42. Littauer MA, Crouwel J. An Egyptian wheel in Brooklyn. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 1979a, 65:107-120.
43. Littauer MA, Crouwel J. Wheeled Vehicles and Ridden Animals in the Ancient Near East 1979b, Leiden, Brill
44. Littmann E. Safaïtic Inscriptions 1943, Leyden, Brill, = Syria. Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expeditions to Syria in 1904-1905 and 1909. Division IV, Section C
45. Livingstone A, Khan M, Zahrani A, Salluk M, Shaman S. Epigraphic Survey, 1404-1984. Atlal 1985, 9:128-144.
46. Macdonald MCA. Was the Nabataean Kingdom a 'Bedouin State'?. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 1991, 107:102-119.
47. Macdonald MCA. Nomads and the in the Late Hellenistic and Roman Periods: A Reassessment of the Epigraphic Evidence. Syria 1993, 70:303-413.
48. Macdonald MCA, Alexander D. Hunting, Fighting and Raiding: The Horse in Pre-Islamic Arabia. Pages 72-83, and plates on. Furusiyya. Volume I: The horse in the art of the Near East 1996, 222-225. pp, in, ed, Riyadh, King Abdulaziz Public Library
49. Macdonald MCA. AAE 2000, 11:28-79.
50. Macdonald MCA, Simpson StJ. An inscribed bronze figurine of a camel with an unusual saddle. Queen of Sheba. Treasures from ancient Yemen 2002, Page, in, ed, London, British Museum Press
51. Macdonald MCA. « Les Arabes en Syrie » or « La pénétration des Arabes en Syrie ». A question of perceptions. La Syrie hellénistique 2003, 303-318. Pages, in, Paris, de Board (Topoi, Supplément 4
52. Macdonald MCA, Woodard RD. Ancient North Arabian. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages 2004, 488-533. Pages, in, ed, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
53. Macdonald MCA, Sedov AV, Smulyanskaya IM. Of rock-art, 'desert kites' and . Arabia Vitalis: Arabskii Vostok, islam, drevnyaya Araviya: Sbornik Naychnykh statei, posvyashchennyi; 60-letiyu V.V. Naumkina 2005, 332-345. Pages, in, eds, Moscow, Rossiskaya Akademiya Nauk
54. Macdonald MCA. Literacy and Identity in Pre-Islamic Arabia 2009, Farnham, Ashgate (Variorum Collected Studies 906), [Contains reprints, with additional notes, of Macdonald 1991, 1993, 2000, 2003, and other articles]
55. Macdonald MCA, Jacobs B, Macdonald MCA. A note on the inscription below the drawing of a horseman. In, in press
56. Macdonald MCA, King GMH. Thamudic. Encyclopaedia of Islam 2000, 10:436-438.
57. Macdonald MCA, M, Nehmé L. Les inscriptions safaïtiques de Syrie, cent quarante ans après leur découverte. CRAIBL 1996, 435-494.
58. Moorey PRS. Pictorial evidence for the history of horse-riding in Iraq before the Kassite period. Iraq 1970, 32:36-50.
59. Moritz B. Ausflüge in der Arabia Petraea. Mélanges de la Faculté orientale de l'Université Saint Joseph 1908, 3:387-436.
60. Musil A. The Manners and Customs of the Rwala Bedouins 1928, New York, American Geographical Society (Oriental Explorations and Studies, vol. 6
61. Nayeem MA. The Rock Art of Arabia. Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, the Emirates & Yemen 2000, Hyderabad, Hyderabad Publishers
62. Noth M. Die israelitischen Personennamen im Rahmen der gemeinsemitischen Namengebung 1928, Stuttgart, Kohlammer (Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament, 3. Serie, vol. 10
63. Paterson A. Assyrian Sculptures 1904-1911, London/Haarlem, Kleinman
64. Piggott S. The Earliest Wheeled Transport. From the Atlantic Coast to the Caspian Sea 1983, London, Thames & Hudson
65. Potts DT. An Ass for Ares. Bulletin of the Asia Institute 2006, 16:103-115.
66. Ryckmans G. Inscriptions au British Museum et au Musée de Damas. Le Muséon 1951, 64:83-91.
67. Schachner A. Bilder eines Weltreichs. kunst- und kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zu den Verzierungen eines Tores aus Balawat (Imgur-Enlil) aus der Zeit von Salmanassar III, König von Assyrien 2007, Turnhout, Brepols (Subartu, vol. 20
68. Searight A. The Rock-Art Survey of the Jawa Area 1983. Pages 168-170 in M.C.A. Macdonald and A. Searight, The Inscriptions and Rock-Drawings of the Jawa Area: A preliminary Report of the First Season of Field-Work of the Corpus of the Inscriptions of Jordan Project. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 1982, 26:159-473.
69. Searight A. The Rock-Art Survey 1982. Pages 575-576 in M.C.A. Macdonald and A. Searight, Inscriptions and Rock-Art of the Jawa Area, 1982. A Preliminary Report. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 1983, 27:571-576.
70. Tairan SA. Die Personennamen in den altsabäischen Inschriften. Ein Beitrag zur altsüdarabischen Namengebung 1992, Hildesheim, Olms (Texte und Studien zur Orientalistik, 8
71. MHS. Rujūm . maydāniyah 2006, , Wakālat al-wuzārah
72. Tsafrir N. New Thamudic Inscriptions from the Negev. Le Muséon 1996, 109:137-167.
73. Uyanik M. Petroglyphs of South-Eastern Anatolia 1974, Graz, Akademische Druck- und verlagsanstalt
74. van den Branden A. Les inscriptions thamoudéennes 1950, Louvain, Institute Orientaliste (Bibliothèque du Muséon, 25)
75. Vattioni F. Sigilli ebraici III [n. 253-441]. Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli 1978, 38([NS 28]):227-254.
76. Wallin GA. Narrative of a Journey from Cairo to Medina and Mecca, by Suez, Arabá, Tawilá, al-Jauf, Jubbé, Háil and Nejd, in 1845. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 1854, 24:115-207.
77. Wehr H, Cowan JM. A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic 1961, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz
78. Winnett FV. Safaitic Inscriptions from Jordan 1957, Toronto, University of Toronoto Press (Near and Middle East, Series 2)
79. Winnett FV, Harding GL. Inscriptions from Fifty Safaitic Cairns 1978, Toronto, (University of Toronto Press Near and Middle East, Series 9
80. Winnett FV, Reed WL. An Archaeological-Epigraphical Survey of the Area of Northern Arabia. Berytus 1973, 22:53-113.
81. Al-Zahrānī &h, &h, &h, Al-Mashārī S, &h, Al-Budaywī W. Taqrīr mabda an bi-aqat al-madīnat al-munawwarah 1420 h/1999 m. Atlal 2002a, 17:71-103. [Arabic section]
82. Al-Zahrānī &h, &h, &h, Al-Mashārī S, &h, Al-Budaywī W. Preliminary Report on the archaeological survey of the Madinah region 1420 A.H./2000 A.D. Atlal 2002b, 17:29-40. [English summary of 2002a]
83. Zadok R. The Pre-Hellenistic Israelite Anthroponomy and Prosopography 1988, Leuven, Peeters (OLA, 28)