Post-Apartheid South Africa and the European Union: Integration over Development?

Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 100-117

  Hurt, Stephen R ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

European Union; Free Trade Area; Gross Domestic Product; South African Government; World Trade Organization

Indexed keywords

EID: 70449464252     PISSN: 27313921     EISSN: 2731393X     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1057/9780230503830_5     Document Type: Chapter

References (67)

1. I use EU throughout this chapter to represent both the European Union and the organisation, pre-Maastricht Treaty, officially referred to as the European Community.
2. Eurostat, 2003.
3. European Commission, The European Union and South Africa: Building a Framework for Long-Term Cooperation (Brussels: European Commission, 1995) p. 26.
4. Lee, M. C., ‘The European Union – South Africa Free Trade Agreement: In Whose Interest?’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 20:1 (2002) p. 81.
5. Erwin, A., ‘Preface’ in T. Bertelsmann-Scott, G. Mills and E. Sidiropoulos (eds), The EU-SA Agreement: South Africa, Southern Africa and the European Union (Johannesburg: SAIIA, 2000) p. vii.
6. For an excellent overview of the debate over the limits to economic policy-making in post-apartheid South Africa see Koelble, T. A., ‘Economic Policy in the Post-colony: South Africa between Keynesian Remedies and Neoliberal Pain’, New Political Economy, 9:1 (2004) pp. 57–78.
7. COSATU presented its views on the agreement to a joint sitting of Parliamentary Committees on 26 October 1999. The details can be found at www.cosatu.org.za/docs/1999/eutrade.htm
8. Bilal, S. and Laporte, G., ‘How did David prepare to talk to Goliath? South Africa’s experience of trade negotiating with the EU’, European Centre for Development Policy Management Discussion Paper, No. 53 (2004), p. 15.
9. Tsie, B., ‘International Political Economy and Southern Africa’ in P. Vale, L. A. Swatuk and B. Oden (eds), Theory, Change and Southern Africa’s Future (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001) p. 142.
10. See for example, Williams, P. and Taylor, I., ‘Neoliberalism and the Political Economy of the ‘New’ South Africa’, New Political Economy, 5:1 (2000) pp. 21–40 and Bond, P., Elite Transition: From Apartheid to Neoliberalism in South Africa (London: Pluto, 2000).
11. Department of Finance, Growth, Employment and Redistribution: A Macroeconomic Strategy (Pretoria: Department of Finance, 1996) p. 6.
12. Author’s interview (Brussels, 26 May 2004).
13. UNCTAD, The Least Developed Countries Report, 2004 (New York, UNCTAD, 2004).
14. Holland, M., The European Community and South Africa: European Political Cooperation Under Strain (London: Pinter, 1988) p. 31.
15. Holland, M., European Union Common Foreign Policy: From EPC to CFSP Joint Action and South Africa (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995) p. 33.
16. Holland, M., ‘The European Community and South Africa: Economic Reality or Political Rhetoric?’, Political Studies, 33:3 (1985) p. 411.
17. Perry, B., ‘Rhetoric or Reality? EU Policy towards South Africa, 1977–2000’, (European Development Policy Study Group Discussion Paper, No. 19, 2000) p. 2.
18. Holland, European Union Common Foreign Policy, p. 37.
19. Holland, ‘The European Community and South Africa’, p. 411.
20. Holland, European Union Common Foreign Policy, pp. 38–9.
21. Holland, M., ‘Disinvestment, Sanctions and the European Community’s Code of Conduct in South Africa’, African Affairs, 88:353 (1989) p. 530.
22. Lee, M. C., The Political Economy of Regionalism in Southern Africa (London: Lynne Rienner, 2003) p. 208.
23. Guelke, A., ‘The European Union: A Most Important Trading Partner?’ in G. Mills, A. Begg and A. van Nieuwkerk (eds), South Africa in the Global Economy (Johannesburg: SAIIA, 1995) pp. 89–90.
24. Alden, C. and le Pere, G., South Africa’s Post-Apartheid Foreign Policy – from Reconciliation to Revival? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003) p. 16.
25. Lee, ‘The European Union – South Africa Free Trade Agreement’, p. 92.
26. The South African government asked for membership of the general trade provisions of the Lomé Convention, but not the separate protocols for specific products and the scheme for the stabilisation of export revenue. See ibid., p. 86.
27. Bertelsmann-Scott, T., ‘The Democratization of Trade Policy – The SA-EU Trade, Development, and Cooperation Agreement’, in N. Philip and J. van der Westhuizen (eds), Democratizing Foreign Policy? Lessons from South Africa (Oxford: Lexington Books, 2004) p. 130.
28. For details on the comparison of Human Development Indices see Hurt, S. R., ‘A Case of Economic Pragmatism? The European Union’s Trade and Development Agreement with South Africa’, International Relations, 15:3 (2000) p. 71.
29. For more detail on the Cotonou Agreement see Hurt, S. R., ‘Co-operation and coercion? The Cotonou Agreement between the European Union and ACP states and the end of the Lomé Convention’, Third World Quarterly, 24:1 (2003) pp. 161–76.
30. European Commission, The European Union and South Africa, p. 6.
31. Author’s interview (Brussels, 26 May 2004).
32. Author’s interview with Dr. Elias Links (Brussels, 25 November 1997).
33. Hurt, ‘A Case of Economic Pragmatism?’, p. 72.
34. ‘Now Comes the Horse-Trading’, Financial Mail (Johannesburg), 18 August 1995.
35. Lee, ‘The European Union – South Africa Free Trade Agreement’, p. 87.
36. Hurt, ‘A Case of Economic Pragmatism?’, p. 75.
37. Stevens, C., ‘Trade with Developing Countries: Banana Skins and Turf Wars’, in H. Wallace and W. Wallace (eds), Policy-Making in the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) p. 421.
38. European Commission, Partners in Progress: The EU/South Africa Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement for the 21st Century (Brussels: European Commission, 1999) pp. 12–13.
39. Ibid., p. 11.
40. Lee, ‘The European Union – South Africa Free Trade Agreement’, p. 98.
41. Davies, R., ‘Forging a New Relationship with the EU’ in T. Bertelsmann-Scott, G. Mills and E. Sidiropoulos (eds), The EU-SA Agreement: South Africa, Southern Africa and the European Union (Johannesburg: SAIIA, 2000) p. 11.
42. Author’s interview (Brussels, 27 May 2004).
43. Hurt, ‘Co-operation and Coercion?’, p. 171.
44. See, for example, Hurt, ‘Co-operation and coercion?’; Raffer, K., ‘Cotonou: Slowly Undoing Lomé’s Concept of Partnership’ (European Development Policy Study Group Discussion Paper, No. 21, 2001); and Van de Walle, N., ‘Aid’s Crisis of Legitimacy: Current Proposals and Future Prospects’, African Affairs, 98:392 (1999) pp. 337–52.
45. Author’s interview (Brussels, 27 May 2004).
46. Fioramonti, L., ‘The European Union Promoting Democracy in South Africa: Strengths and Weaknesses’ (European Development Policy Study Group Discussion Paper, No. 30, 2004) p. 6.
47. Ibid., p. 11.
48. Author’s interview (Brussels, 26 May 2004).
49. Craven, E. and Mather, C., ‘Geographical indications and the South Africa-European Union free trade agreement’, Area, 33:3 (2001) p. 318.
50. ‘South Africa in Dangerous Waters with EU’, Mail and Guardian (Johannesburg), 29 January 1999.
51. Barber, J., Mandela’s World: The International Dimension of South Africa’s Political Revolution 1990–1999 (Oxford: James Currey, 2004) p. 164.
52. Davies, ‘Forging a New Relationship with the EU’, p. 10.
53. COSATU, ‘Shaping South Africa’s Future Trade Relations with the European Union: COSATU’s Concerns’ in T. Bertelsmann-Scott, G. Mills and E. Sidiropoulos (eds), The EU-SA Agreement: South Africa, Southern Africa and the European Union (Johannesburg: SAIIA, 2000) p. 111.
54. Hurt, ‘A Case of Economic Pragmatism?’, p. 70.
55. Author’s interview with Thabo Thage (Brussels, 27 May 2004).
56. Bertelsmann-Scott, ‘The Democratization of Trade Policy’, p. 127.
57. Mandela, N., ‘South Africa’s Future Foreign Policy’, Foreign Affairs, 72:5 (1993) p. 90.
58. Alden and le Pere, South Africa’s Post-Apartheid Foreign Policy, p. 13.
59. Lester, A., Nel, E. and Binns, T., South Africa, Past, Present and Future: Gold at the End of the Rainbow? (Harlow: Longman, 2000) p. 294.
60. Hurt, ‘A Case of Economic Pragmatism?’, p. 78.
61. Lee, ‘The European Union – South Africa Free Trade Agreement’, p. 97.
62. Author’s interview with Thabo Thage (Brussels, 27 May 2004).
63. See Taylor, I., Stuck in Middle GEAR: South Africa’s Post-Apartheid Foreign Relations (London: Praeger, 2001) for a demonstration of how this reformist stance has been adopted in a number of different multilateral organisations.
64. Lester, et al., South Africa, Past, Present and Future, p. 294.
65. Marais, H., South Africa: Limits to Change: The Political Economy of Transition (London: Zed Books, 2001) p. 234.
66. Cited in Bond, P., ‘Thabo Mbeki and NEPAD: Breaking or shining the chains of global apartheid?’ in S. Jacobs and R. Calland (eds), Thabo Mbeki’s World: The politics and ideology of the South African president (Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 2002) pp. 56–7.
67. European Commission, Partners in Progress, p. 4.