Molecular mechanisms of antigen retrieval: Antigen retrieval reverses steric interference caused by formalin-induced cross-links Fixation and antigen retrieval mechanism

Biotechnic and Histochemistry

Volumn 84, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 207-215

  Bogen, S A ^a,b   Vani, K ^a   Sompuram, S R ^a,b  

^a Medical Discovery Partners LLC   (United States)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antigen retrieval; Epitope; Formalin fixation; Immunohistochemistry; Peptide quality control

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ESTROGEN; FORMALDEHYDE; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR;

ANTIGEN BINDING; ANTIGEN RETRIEVAL; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; CROSS LINKING; EPITOPE MAPPING; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW;

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS; CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS; EPITOPE MAPPING; EPITOPES; ESTROGENS; FIXATIVES; FORMALDEHYDE; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; RECEPTOR, ERBB-2; RECEPTORS, PROGESTERONE; TISSUE FIXATION;

EID: 70449397913     PISSN: 10520295     EISSN: 14737760     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10520290903039078     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Fraenkel-Conrat H, Brandon B, Olcott H (1947) The reaction of formaldehyde with proteins. IV. Participation of indole groups. Gramicidin. J. Biol. Chem. 168: 99-118.
2. Fraenkel-Conrat H, Olcott H (1948a) The reactions of formaldehyde with proteins. V. Cross-linking between amino and primary amide or guanidyl groups. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70: 2673-2684.
3. Fraenkel-Conrat H, Olcott H (1948b) Reactions of formaldehyde with proteins. VI. Cross-linking of amino groups with phenol, imidazole, or indole groups. J. Biol. Chem. 174: 827-843.
4. Gown A, de Wever N, Battifora H (1993) Microwave-based antigenic unmasking. A revolutionary new technique for routine immunohistochemistry. Appl. Immunohistochem. 1: 256-266.
5. Huebner J (2004) Antibody-antigen interactions and measurements of immunologic reactions. In: Immunology, Infection, & Immunity. Pier G, Lyczak J, and Wetzler L, Eds., American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington, DC. pp. 209-210.
6. Kuby J (1994) Immunology, 2nd ed. W.H. Freeman & Co., New York, NY. pp. 92-96.
7. Morgan J, Navabi H, Schimid K, Jasani B (1994) Possible role of tissue-bound calcium ions in citrate-mediated hightemperature antigen retrieval. J. Pathol. 174: 301-307.
8. Nicholson R, Leake R (2000) Quality control for the immunohistochemical demonstration of oestrogen and progesterone receptors. J. Clin. Pathol. 53: 247.
9. O'Leary T (2001) Standardization in immunohistochemistry. Appl. Immunohistochem. Molec. Morphol. 9: 3-8.
10. Paik S, Bryant J, Tan-Chiu E, Romond E, Hiller W, Park K, Brown A, Yothers G, Anderson S, Smith R, Wickerham D, Wolmark N (2002) Real-world performance of HER2 testing- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project experience. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94: 852-854. (Pubitemid 34705057)
11. Rait VT, O'Leary T, Mason J (2004a) Modelling formalin fixation and antigen retrieval with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. I. Structural and functional alterations. Lab. Invest. 84: 292-299. (Pubitemid 41656484)
12. Rait V, Xu L, O'Leary T, Mason J (2004b) Modelling formalin fixation and antigen retrieval with bovine pancreatic RNase A. II. Interrelationship of cross-linking, immunoreactivity, and heat treatment. Lab. Invest. 84: 300-306.
13. Rhodes A, Jasani B, Balaton A, Miller K (2000a) Immunohistochemical demonstration of oestrogen and progesterone receptors: correlation of standards achieved on in house tumours with that achieved on external quality assessment material in over 150 laboratories from 26 countries. J. Clin. Pathol. 53: 292-301.
14. Rhodes A, Jasani B, Barnes D, Bobrow L, Miller K (2000b) Reliability of immunohistochemical demonstration of oestrogen receptors in routine practice: interlaboratory variance in the sensitivity of detection and evaluation of scoring systems. J. Clin. Pathol. 53: 125-130.
15. Rhodes A, Jasani B, Anderson E, Dodson A, Balaton A (2002a) Evaluation of HER2/neu immunohistochemical assay sensitivity and scoring on formalin-fixed and paraffin- processed cell lines and breast tumors. Anat. Pathol. 118: 408-417.
16. Rhodes A, Jasani B, Couturier J, McKinley M, Morgan J, Dodson A, Navabi H, Miller K, Balaton A (2002b) A formalin-fixed, paraffin-processed cell line standard for quality control of immunohistochemical assay of HER-2/ neu expression in breast cancer. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 117: 81-89.
17. Roche P, Suman V, Jenkins R, Davidson N, Martino S, Kaufman P, Addo F, Murphy B, Ingle J, Perez E (2002) Concordance between local and central laboratory HER2 testing in the breast intergroup trial N9831. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 94: 855-857.
18. Schnitt S, Jacobs T (2001) Current status of HER2 testing: caught between a rock and a hard place. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 116: 806-810.
19. Shi S-R, Key M, Kalra K (1991) Antigen retrieval in formalin- fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues: an enhancement method for immunohistochemical staining based on microwave oven heating of tissue sections. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 39: 741-748.
20. Shi S-R, Cote R, Taylor C (1997) Antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry: past, present, and future. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 45: 327-343. (Pubitemid 27120589)
21. Shi S-R, Gu J, Turrens J, Cote R, Taylor C (2000) Development of the antigen retrieval techniques: philosophical and theoretical bases. In: Antigen Retrieval Techniques: Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology. Shi S, Gu J, and Taylor C, Eds. Eaton, Natick, MA. pp. 17-40.
22. Sompuram S, Kodela V, Ramanathan H, Wescott C, Radcliffe G, Bogen SA (2002) Synthetic peptides identi- fied from phage-displayed combinatorial libraries as immunodiagnostic assay surrogate quality control targets. Clin. Chem. 48: 410-420.
23. Sompuram S, Vani K, Messana E, Bogen SA (2004a) A molecular mechanism of formalin fixation and antigen retrieval. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 121: 190-199.
24. Sompuram S, Vani K, Wei L, Ramanathan H, Olken S, Bogen SA (2004b) A water-stable isocyanate-coated glass array substrate. Anal. Biochem. 326: 55-68.
25. Sompuram S, Vani K, Bogen SA (2006a) A molecular model of antigen retrieval using a peptide array. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 125: 91-98.
26. Sompuram S, Vani K, Bogen SA (2006b) Antibodies immunoreactive with formalin-fixed tissue antigens recognize linear protein epitopes. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 125: 82-90.
27. Suurmeijer A, Boon M (1993) Notes on the application of microwaves for antigen retrieval in paraffin and plastic tissue sections. Eur. J. Morphol. 31: 144-150.
28. Taylor C (1994) An exaltation of experts: concerted efforts in the standardization of immunohistochemistry. Human Pathol. 25: 2-11.
29. Taylor C (2000) The total test approach to standardization of immunohistochemistry. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 124: 945-951.
30. Vani K, Sompuram S, Bogen SA (2008) National HER2 proficiency test results using standardized quantitative controls: characterization of laboratory failures. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 132: 211-216.
31. Wolff A, Hammond M, Schwartz J, Hagerty K, Allred D, Cote R, Dowsett M, Fitzgibbons P, Hanna W, Langer A, McShane L, Paik S, Pegram M, Perez E, Press M, Rhodes A, Sturgeon C, Taube S, Tubbs R, Vance G, Van De Vijver M, Wheeler T, Hayes D (2007) American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 131: 18-43. (Pubitemid 46174133)