Development and clinical results from the virtual Iraq exposure therapy application for PTSD

2009 Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference, VR 2009

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 8-15

  Rizzo, Albert ^a   Newman, Brad ^a   Parsons, Thomas ^a   Difede, Joann ^b   Reger, Greg ^c   Holloway, Kevin ^c   Gahm, Greg ^c   McLay, Robert ^d   Johnston, Scott ^d   Rothbaum, Barbara ^e   Graap, Ken ^f   Spitalnick, Josh ^f   Bordnick, Patrick ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^c MADIGAN ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^e EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f Virtually Better Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Exposure therapy; Posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD; Virtual reality

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL TRIAL; CUSTOMIZABLE; EXPOSURE THERAPY; IRAQ WAR; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PHYSICAL INTEGRITY; POST TREATMENT; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PTSD; SERIOUS INJURIES; STRESS CONTROL; TERRORIST ATTACKS; USER CENTERED DESIGNS; VIRTUAL SCENARIO;

MILITARY OPERATIONS; PATIENT REHABILITATION;

VIRTUAL REALITY;

EID: 70449346590     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1109/ICVR.2009.5174198     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (30)

1. DSM-IV, APA, Washington, D.C., 1994.
2. C.W. Hoge, C. Castro, S. Messer, D. McGurk, D. I. Cotting & R. L. Koffman, "Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, Mental Health Problems, and Barriers to Care," New England Jour of Medicine, 351:13-22, 2004.
3. C.W. Hoge, J.L. Auchterlonie & C.S. Milliken, "Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan," JAMA, 295(9), 1023-1032. 2006.
4. K.H. Seal, D. Bertenthal, C. R. Nuber, S. Sen, & C. Marmar, "Bringing the War Back Home: Mental Health Disorders Among 103,788 US Veterans Returning From Iraq and Afghanistan Seen at Department of Veterans Affairs Facilities," Arch Intern Med 167:476-482, 2007.
5. T. Tanielian, L. H. Jaycox, T. L. Schell, G. N. Marshall, M. A. Burnam, C. Eibner, B. R. Karney, L. S. Meredith, J. S. Ringel, et al., Invisible Wounds of War: Summary and Recommendations for Addressing Psychological and Cognitive Injuries. Rand Report Retrieved 04/18/2008, from: http://veterans.rand.org/
6. R.A. Bryant, "Psychosocial Approaches of Acute Stress Reactions," CNS Spectrums, 10(2):116-122, 2005.
7. B.O. Rothbaum, E.A. Meadows, P. Resick et al., "Cognitive-behavioral therapy," In: Foa, E.B., Keane, M., Friedman, M.J. (eds.), Effective treatments for PTSD, New York: Guilford, 60-83, 2000.
8. B.O. Rothbaum, L. Hodges, D. Ready, K. Graap & R. Alarcon, "Virtual reality exposure therapy for Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder," Jour of Clin Psychia, 62:617-622, 2001.
9. B.O. Rothbaum, & A. Schwartz, "Exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder," American Journal of Psychotherapy, 56:59-75, 2002.
10. M.L. Van Etten, & S. Taylor, "Comparative efficacy of treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder: An empirical review," Journal of the American Medical Association, 268:633-638, 1998.
11. E.B. Foa & M.J. Kozak, "Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information," Psych. Bulletin, 99(1):20-35, 1986.
12. E.B. Foa, R.T. Davidson, and A. Frances, "Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder," American Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60:5-76, 1999.
13. Institute of Medicine Committee on Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Assessment of the Evidence. ISBN: 0-309-10925-6, 200 pages, Downloaded on 10/24/2007 from: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11955.html. 2007.
14. L.H. Jaycox, E. B. Foa, and A. R. Morral, "Influence of emotional engagement and habituation on exposure therapy for PTSD," Jour of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(1):185-192, 1998.
15. T.W. Britt, "The stigma of psychological problems in a work environment: Evidence from the screening of Service Members returning from Bosnia," Journal of Applied Physiology 30(8):1599-1618, 2000.
16. B.O. Rothbaum, L. Hodges, R. Alarcon, D. Ready, F. Shahar, K. Graap, J. Pair, P. Hebert, D. Gotz, B. Wills & D. Baltzell, "Virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD Vietnam veterans: A case study," Jour. of Traumatic Stress,12:263-271, 1999.
17. J. Difede and H. G. Hoffman, "Virtual reality exposure therapy for World Trade Center Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: a case report," Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 5(6):529-535, 2002.
18. J. Difede, J. Cukor, N. Jayasinghe, I. Patt, S. Jedel, L. Spielman, et al., "Virtual Reality exposure therapy for the treatment of Posttraumatic stress disorder following September 11, 2001," Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68:1639-1647, 2007.
19. D.P. Wood, J.A. Murphy, K. Center, C. Russ, R.N. McLay, et al., "Combat Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A multiple case report using virtual reality graded exposure therapy with physiological monitoring," In Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 16, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 556-561, 2008.
20. P. Gamito, J. Oliveira, D. Morais, T. Saraiva, P. Rosa, et al., "War PTSD: A VR pre-trial case study," Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine, 191-198, 2007.
21. N. Josman, E. Somer, A. Reisberg, P.L. Weiss, A. Garcia-Palacios & H. Hoffman, "BusWorld: designing a virtual environment for PTSD in Israel: a protocol," Cyberpsy,ch. and Behavior 9(2):241-244, 2006.
22. A.A. Rizzo, K. Graap, J. Pair, G. Reger, A. Treskunov, & T. Parson, "User-Centered Design Driven Development of a VR Therapy Application for Iraq War Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder," Proceedings of The 6th International Conference on Disability, VR and Associated Technology. Aaolborg, Denmark, 113-122, 2006.
23. A.A. Rizzo, G. Reger, G. Gahm, J. Difede, & B.O. Rothbaum, "Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Combat Related PTSD,". In: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, Shiromani, P., Keane, T. & LeDoux, J. (Eds.), 2008.
24. G.M. Reger, G.A. Gahm, A.A. Rizzo, R. Swanson & S. Duma, "Soldier Evaluation of the Virtual Reality Iraq," Telemedicine and e-Health Journal. 15(1):100-103, 2009.
25. J. Wilson, K. Onorati, M. Mishkind, M. Reger, & G.A. Gahm, "Soldier attitudes about technology-based approaches to mental healthcare," Cyberpsychology and Behavior, in press.
26. E.B. Blanchard, J. Jones-Alexander, T.C. Buckley and C.A. Forneris, "Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL)," Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(8):669-673, 1996.
27. A.T. Beck, N. Epstein, G. Brown, and R.A. Steer, "An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties," Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6):893-897, 1988.
28. K. Kroenke R.L. & Spitzer, "The PHQ-9: A new depression and diagnostic severity measure," Psychiatric Annals, 32:509-521, 2002.
29. C.M. Monson, J.L. Gradus, P.P. Schnurr, Y., Young-Xu, J.L. Price & J.A. Schumm, "Change in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: Do Clinicians and Patients Agree?" Psychological Assessment, 20(2):131-138, 2008.
30. K.J. Ressler, B.O. Rothbaum, L. Tannenbaum, P. Anderson, E. Zimand, L. Hodges, & M. Davis, "Facilitation of Psychotherapy with D-Cycloserine, a Putative Cognitive Enhancer," Arch Gen Psych, 61:1136-1144, 2004.