Effects of source-to-listener distance and masking on perception of cochlear implant processed speech in reverberant rooms

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Volumn 126, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 2556-2569

  Whitmal, Nathaniel A ^a   Poissant, Sarah F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHANNEL IMPLANTS; COCHLEAR IMPLANT; COCHLEAR IMPLANT USERS; PREDICTIVE TOOLS; RECOGNITION PERFORMANCE; REVERBERANT ROOM; SMALL ROOMS; SPECTRAL CHANNELS; SPEECH TRANSMISSION INDEX;

EXPERIMENTS; REVERBERATION; SCHOOL BUILDINGS; SIMULATORS; SPEECH COMMUNICATION; SPEECH PROCESSING;

SPEECH TRANSMISSION;

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY DISCRIMINATION; AUDITORY MASKING; AUDITORY STIMULATION; COCHLEA PROSTHESIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIRECTIONAL HEARING; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NOISE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECOGNITION; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SIMULATION; SOUND TRANSMISSION; SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY;

ACOUSTICS; ADULT; COCHLEAR IMPLANTS; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PERCEPTUAL MASKING; PHONETICS; PSYCHOACOUSTICS; SPEECH INTELLIGIBILITY; SPEECH PERCEPTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 70449345996     PISSN: 00014966     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1121/1.3216912     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Allen, J. B., and Berkley, D. A. (1979). " Image method for efficiently simulating small-room acoustics.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 65, 943-950. 10.1121/1.382599
2. Anderson, K. A., Goldstein, H., Colodzin, L., and Iglehart, F. (2005). " Benefit of S/N enhancing devices to speech perception of children listening in a typical classroom with hearing aids or a cochlear implant.," J. Educ. Audiol. 12, 14-28.
3. ANSI (1969). ANSI S3.5-1969: American National Standards Methods for the Calculation of the Articulation Index (American National Standards Institute, New York).
4. ANSI (1997). ANSI S3.5-1997: American National Standards Methods for the Calculation of the Speech Intelligibility Index (American National Standards Institute, New York).
5. ANSI (2002). ANSI S12.60-2002: Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements, and Guidelines for Schools (American National Standards Institute, New York).
6. Barron, M., and Lee, L.-J. (1988). " Energy relations in concert auditoriums. I," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 618-628. 10.1121/1.396840
7. Bistafa, S. R., and Bradley, J. S. (2000). " Reverberation time and maximum background-noise level for classrooms from a comparative study of speech intelligibility metrics.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 107, 861-875. 10.1121/1.428268 (Pubitemid 30082814)
8. Bistafa, S. R., and Bradley, J. S. (2001). " Predicting speech metrics in a simulated classroom with varied sound absorption.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 109, 1474-1482. 10.1121/1.1354199 (Pubitemid 32275190)
9. Bjør, O. -H. (2004). " Measure speech intelligibility with a sound level meter.," Sound Vib. 0038-1810 38, 10-13.
10. Bolt, R. H., and MacDonald, A. D. (1949). " Theory of speech masking by reverberation.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 21, 577-580. 10.1121/1.1906551
11. Bradley, J. S. (1986a). " Predictors of speech intelligibility in rooms.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80, 837-845. 10.1121/1.393907
12. Bradley, J. S. (1986b). " Speech intelligibility studies in classrooms.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80, 846-854. 10.1121/1.393908
13. Bradley, J. S., Reich, R. D., and Norcross, S. G. (1999). " On the combined effects of signal-to-noise ratio and room acoustics on speech intelligibility.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 106, 1820-1828. 10.1121/1.427932 (Pubitemid 29474555)
14. Bradley, J. S., Sato, H., and Picard, M. (2003). " On the importance of early reflections for speech in rooms.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 113, 3233-3244. 10.1121/1.1570439 (Pubitemid 36676517)
15. Crandell, C., Holmes, A., Flexer, C., and Payne, M. (1998). " Effects of sound field FM amplification on the speech recognition of listeners with cochlear implants.," J. Educ. Audiol. 6, 21-27.
16. Crandell, C., Kreisman, B. M., Smaldino, J., and Kreisman, N. V. (2004). " Room acoustics intervention efficacy measures.," Semin. Hear. 0734-0451 25, 201-206. 10.1055/s-2004-828670 (Pubitemid 38702978)
17. Crandell, C., and Smaldino, J. (2000). " Classroom acoustics for children with normal hearing and with hearing impairment.," Lang. Spch. Hear. Svcs. In Schools 31, 362-370.
18. Culling, J. F., Hodder, K. I., and Toh, C. Y. (2003). " Effects of reverberation on perceptual segregation of competing voices.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2871-2876. 10.1121/1.1616922 (Pubitemid 37371643)
19. Dawson, P. W., Decker, J. A., and Psarros, C. E. (2004). " Optimizing dynamic range in children using the nucleus cochlear implant.," Ear Hear. 0196-0202 25, 230-241. 10.1097/01.AUD.0000130795.66185.28 (Pubitemid 38744508)
20. Donaldson, G. S., and Allen, S. L. (2003). " Effects of presentation level of phoneme and sentence recognition in quiet by cochlear implant listeners.," Ear Hear. 0196-0202 24, 392-405. 10.1097/01.AUD.0000090340. 09847.39 (Pubitemid 37259587)
21. Dorman, M. F., and Loizou, P. C. (1998). " The identification of consonants and vowels by cochlear implant patients using a 6-channel continuous interleaved sampling processor and by normal-hearing subjects using simulations of processors with two to nine channels.," Ear Hear. 0196-0202 19, 162-166. 10.1097/00003446-199804000-00008 (Pubitemid 28164985)
22. Dorman, M. F., Loizou, P. C., Fitzke, J., and Tu, Z. (1998). " The recognition of sentences in noise by normal-hearing listeners using simulations of cochlear-implant signal processors with 6-20 channels.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 3583-3585. 10.1121/1.423940 (Pubitemid 29006020)
23. Dorman, M. F., Loizou, P. C., and Rainey, D. (1997). " Speech intelligibility as a function of the number of channels of stimulation for signal processors using sine-wave and noise-band outputs.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 102, 2403-2411. 10.1121/1.419603 (Pubitemid 27441393)
24. Dreschler, W. A., and Leeuw, A. R. (1990). " Speech reception in reverberation related to temporal resolution.," J. Speech Hear. Res. 0022-4685 33, 181-187.
25. Duquesnoy, A. J., and Plomp, R. (1980). " Effect of reverberation and noise on the intelligibility of sentences in cases of presbyacusis.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 68, 537-544. 10.1121/1.384767 (Pubitemid 11227341)
26. Finitzo-Hieber, T., and Tillman, T. W. (1978). " Room acoustics effects on monosyllabic word discrimination ability for normal and hearing-impaired children.," J. Speech Hear. Res. 21, 441-458.
27. Firszt, J. B., Holden, L. K., Skinner, M. W., Tobey, E. A., Peterson, A., Gaggi, W., Runge-Samuelson, C. L., and Wackym, P. A. (2004). " Recognition of speech presented at soft to loud levels by adult cochlear implant recipients of three cochlear implant systems.," Ear Hear. 0196-0202 25, 375-387. 10.1097/01.AUD.0000134552.22205.EE (Pubitemid 39031182)
28. Francis, W. N., and Kucera, H. (1982). Frequency Analysis of English Usage: Lexicon and Grammar (Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA).
29. Friesen, L. M., Shannon, R. V., Baskent, D., and Wang, X. (2001). " Speech recognition in noise as a function of the number of spectral channels: Comparison of acoustic hearing and cochlear implants.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 110, 1150-1163. 10.1121/1.1381538 (Pubitemid 32734748)
30. Fu, Q. -J., and Shannon, R. V. (2000). " Effect of stimulation rate on phoneme recognition by nucleus-22 cochlear implant listeners.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 107, 589-597. 10.1121/1.428325 (Pubitemid 30039183)
31. Glasberg, B. R., and Moore, B. C. J. (1990). " Derivation of auditory filter shapes from notched-noise data.," Hear. Res. 47, 103-138. 10.1016/0378-5955(90)90170-T (Pubitemid 20244652)
32. Goldsworthy, R. L., and Greenberg, J. E. (2004). " Analysis of speech-based speech transmission index methods with implications for nonlinear operations.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 116, 3679-3689. 10.1121/1.1804628 (Pubitemid 40029948)
33. Helfer, K. S. (1994). " Binaural cues and consonant perception in reverberation and noise.," J. Speech Hear. Res. 0022-4685 37, 429-438.
34. Helfer, K. S., and Freyman, R. L. (2004). " Development of a topic-related sentence corpus for speech perception research.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 115, 2601-2602.
35. Helfer, K. S., and Freyman, R. L. (2005). " The role of visual speech cues in reducing energetic and informational masking.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 117, 842-849. 10.1121/1.1836832 (Pubitemid 40223444)
36. Helfer, K. S., and Wilber, L. (1990). " Hearing loss, aging, and speech perception in reverberation and noise.," J. Speech Hear. Res. 0022-4685 33, 149-155.
37. Houtgast, T., and Steeneken, H. J. M. (1973). " The modulation transfer function in acoustics as a predictor of speech intelligibility.," Acustica 0001-7884 28, 66-74.
38. Houtgast, T., and Steeneken, H. J. M. (1985). " A review of the MTF concept in room acoustics and its use for estimating speech intelligibility in auditoria.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 77, 1069-1077. 10.1121/1.392224
39. Houtgast, T., Steeneken, H. J. M., and Plomp, R. (1980). " Predicting speech intelligibility in rooms from the modulation transfer function. I. General room acoustics.," Acustica 0001-7884 46, 60-72.
40. IEC (2002). Publication IEC 60268-16: Sound System Equipment-Part 16. Objective Rating of Speech Intelligibility by Speech Transmission Index, 3rd ed. (International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland).
41. Iglehart, F. (2004). " Speech perception by students with cochlear implants using sound-field systems in classrooms.," Am. J. Audiol. 13, 62-72. 10.1044/1059-0889(2004/009) 1059-0889
42. James, C. J., Blamey, P. J., Martin, L., Swanson, B., Just, Y., and Macfarlane, D. (2002). " Adaptive dynamic range optimization for cochlear implants: A preliminary study.," Ear Hear. 0196-0202 23, 49S-58S. 10.1097/00003446-200202001-00006
43. James, C. J., Skinner, M. W., Martin, L. F. A., Holden, L. K., Galvin, K. L., Holden, T. A., and Whitford, L. (2003). " An investigation of input level range for the nucleus 24 cochlear implant system: Speech perception performance, program preference, and loudness comfort ratings.," Ear Hear. 0196-0202 24, 157-174. 10.1097/01.AUD.0000058107.64929.D6 (Pubitemid 36403010)
44. Kuttruff, H. (1979). Room Acoustics (Taylor and Francis, London).
45. Latham, H. G. (1979). " The signal-to-noise ratio for speech intelligibility-An auditorium acoustics design index.," Appl. Acoust. 0003-682X 12, 253-320. 10.1016/0003-682X(79)90008-2 (Pubitemid 10408498)
46. Lehmann, E. A., and Johansson, A. M. (2008). " Prediction of energy decay in room impulse responses simulated with an image-source model.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 124, 269-277. 10.1121/1.2936367 (Pubitemid 352019316)
47. Lochner, J. P. A., and Burger, J. F. (1964). " The influence of reflections on auditorium acoustics.," J. Sound Vib. 0022-460X 1, 426-454. 10.1016/0022-460X(64)90057-4
48. Loven, F. C., and Collins, M. J. (1988). " Reverberation, masking, filtering, and level effects on speech recognition performance.," J. Speech Hear. Res. 0022-4685 31, 681-695.
49. MacKeith, N. W., and Coles, R. R. A. (1971). " Binaural advantages in hearing of speech.," J. Laryngol. Otol. 85, 213-232. 10.1017/S0022215100073369
50. Nabelek, A. K., Letowski, T. R., and Tucker, F. M. (1989). " Reverberant overlap- and self-masking in consonant identification.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 86, 1259-1265. 10.1121/1.398740
51. Nabelek, A. K., and Mason, D. (1981). " Effect of noise and reverberation on binaural and monaural word identification by subjects with various audiograms.," J. Speech Hear. Res. 0022-4685 24, 375-383.
52. Nabelek, A. K., and Robinson, P. K. (1982). " Monaural and binaural speech perception in reverberation for listeners of various ages.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 71, 1242-1248. 10.1121/1.387773 (Pubitemid 12058777)
53. Payton, K. L., and Braida, L. D. (1999). " A method to determine the speech transmission index from speech waveforms.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 106, 3637-3648. 10.1121/1.428216
54. Payton, K. L., Uchanski, R. M., and Braida, L. D. (1994). " Intelligibility of conversational and clear speech in noise and reverberation for listeners with normal and impaired hearing.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 95, 1581-1592. 10.1121/1.408545
55. Peterson, P. M. (1986). " Simulating the response of multiple microphones to a single acoustic source in a reverberant room.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 80, 1527-1529. 10.1121/1.394357
56. Poissant, S. F., Whitmal, N. A., and Freyman, R. L. (2006). " Effects of reverberation and masking on speech intelligibility in cochlear implant simulations.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 119, 1606-1615. 10.1121/1.2168428 (Pubitemid 43326029)
57. Qin, M. K., and Oxenham, A. J. (2003). " Effects of simulated cochlear-implant processing on speech reception in fluctuating maskers.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 114, 446-454. 10.1121/1.1579009 (Pubitemid 36835514)
58. Sabine, W. C. (1922). Collected Papers on Acoustics (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
59. Sato, H., and Bradley, J. S. (2008). " Evaluation of acoustical conditions for speech communication in working elementary school classrooms.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 2064-2073. 10.1121/1.2839283
60. Schroeder, M. R. (1965). " New method of measuring reverberation time.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37, 409-412. 10.1121/1.1909343
61. Shannon, R. V., Fu, Q. -J., and Galvin, J. (2004). " The number of spectral channels required for speech recognition depends on the difficulty of the listening situation.," Acta Oto-Laryngol., Suppl. 0365-5237 124, 50-54. 10.1080/03655230410017562
62. Shannon, R. V., Zeng, F. -G., Kamath, V., Wygonski, J., and Ekelid, M. (1995). " Speech recognition with primarily temporal cues.," Science 0036-8075 270, 303-304. 10.1126/science.270.5234.303
63. Siebein, G. W., Gold, M. A., Siebein, G. W., and Ermann, M. G. (2000). " Ten ways to provide a high-quality acoustical environment in schools.," Lang. Spch. Hear. Svcs. in Schools 31, 376-384.
64. Skinner, M. W., Holden, L. K., Holden, T. A., Demorest, M. E., and Fourakis, M. S. (1997). " Speech recognition at simulated soft, conversational, and raised-to-loud vocal efforts by adults with cochlear implants.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 101, 3766-3782. 10.1121/1.418383 (Pubitemid 27255475)
65. Steeneken, H. J. M., and Houtgast, T. (1982). " Evaluation of a physical method for estimating speech intelligibility in auditoria.," Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. VII, pp. 1452-1454.
66. Steeneken, H. J. M., Verhave, J., McManus, S., and Jacob, K. (2001). " Development of an accurate, handheld, simple-to-use meter for the prediction of speech intelligibility.," Proceedings of the International Acoustics, UK, Vol. 23, 53-59.
67. Stickney, G. S., Zeng, F. -G., Litovsky, R., and Assmann, P. (2004). " Cochlear implant speech recognition with speech maskers.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 116, 1081-1091. 10.1121/1.1772399 (Pubitemid 39063197)
68. Studebaker, G. A. (1985). " A rationalized' arcsine transform.," J. Speech Hear. Res. 0022-4685 28, 455-462.
69. Whitmal, N. A., Poissant, S. F., Freyman, R. L., and Helfer, K. S. (2007). " Speech intelligibility in cochlear implant simulations: Effects of carrier type, interfering noise, and subject experience.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 122, 2376-2388. 10.1121/1.2773993 (Pubitemid 47493363)
70. Xu, L., and Zheng, Y. (2007). " Spectral and temporal cues for phoneme recognition in noise.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 122, 1758-1764. 10.1121/1.2767000 (Pubitemid 47560537)
71. Yang, W., and Hodgson, M. (2006). " Auralization study of optimum reverberation times for speech intelligibility for normal and hearing-impaired listeners in classrooms with diffuse sound fields.," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 0001-4966 120, 801-807. 10.1121/1.2216768 (Pubitemid 44213692)