Restoration of tidal freshwater vegetation using controlled reduced tide (CRT) along the Schelde Estuary (Belgium)

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

Volumn 85, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 368-376

  Jacobs, S ^a   Beauchard, O ^a   Struyf, E ^a,b   Cox, T ^a,c   Maris, T ^a   Meire, P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY NIOO KNAW   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

4 10 20 E; Belgium; controlled reduced tide (CRT) 51 05 10 N; estuaries; managed Realignment; restoration; Schelde estuary; tide gauges; trajectory; vegetation

Indexed keywords

FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM; INTERTIDAL ENVIRONMENT; MARSH; PLANT COMMUNITY; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; TIDE GAUGE; VEGETATION INDEX;

BELGIUM; BENELUX; EURASIA; EUROPE; WESTERN EUROPE; WESTERSCHELDE;

EID: 70449133420     PISSN: 02727714     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.004     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Alphin T., and Posey M. Long-term trends in vegetation dominance and infaunal community composition in created marshes. Wetlands Ecology and Management 8 (2000) 317-325
2. Armstrong W., Wright E., Lythe S., and Gaynard T. Plant zonation and the effects of the spring-neap tidal cycle on soil aeration in a Humber salt marsh. Journal of Ecology 73 (1985) 323-339
3. Atkinson, P., Crooks, S., Grant, A. and Rehfisch, M. 2001. The success of creation and restoration schemes in producing intertidal habitat suitable for waterbirds. English Nature Research Report No. 425(425) Peterborough, UK.
4. Bady P., Doledec S., Dumont B., and Fruget J. Multiple co-inertia analysis: a tool for assessing synchrony in the temporal variability of aquatic communities. Comptes Rendus Biologies 327 (2004) 29-36
5. Barne J., Robson C., Kaznowska S., Doody J., and Davidson N. Coasts and Seas of the United Kingdom, Region 6: Flamborough Head to Great Yarmouth (1995), Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK
6. Bischoff A. Dispersal and establishment of floodplain grassland species as limiting factors in restoration. Biological Conservation 104 (2002) 25-33
7. Bissels S., Hölzel N., Donath T., and Otte A. Evaluation of restoration success in alluvial grasslands under contrasting flooding regimes. Biological Conservation 118 (2004) 641-650
8. Blackwell M.S.A., Hogan D.V., and Maltby E. The short-term impact of managed realignment on soil environmental variables and hydrology. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 594 (2004) 687-701
9. Boumans R.M.J., and Day Jr. J.W. High precision measurements of sediment elevation in shallow coastal areas using a sediment-erosion table. Estuaries 16 (1993) 375-380
10. Brooke J. Coastal defence, the retreat option. Journal of the Institute of Water and Environmental Management 6 (1992) 151-157
11. Brooke J. Retreat, the best form of defence?. Heritage Coast 6 (1991) 4
12. Cahoon D.R., Reed D.J., and Day Jr. J.W. Estimating shallow subsidence in microtidal salt marshes of the southeastern United States: Kaye and Barghoorn revisited. Marine Geology 128 (1995) 1-9
13. Chessel D., and Hanafi M. Analyses de la co-inertie de K nuages de points. Revue de statistique appliquée 44 (1996) 35-60
14. Chessel D., Dufour A.B., and Thioulouse J. The ade4 package-I- One-table methods. R News 4 (2004) 5-10
15. Childers D., and Day J. A flow-through flume technique for quantifying nutrient and material fluxes in microtidal estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 27 (1988) 483-494
16. Cooper A. The effects of salinity and waterlogging on the growth and cation uptake of salt marsh plants. New Phytologist 90 (1982) 263-275
17. Cornu C., and Sadro S. Physical and functional responses to experimental marsh surface elevation manipulation in Coos Bays south Slough. Restoration Ecology 10 (2002) 474-486
18. Cox T., Maris T., Vleeschauwer P.D., Mulder T.D., Soetaert K., and Meire P. Flood control areas as an opportunity to restore estuarine habitat. Ecological Engineering 28 (2006) 55-63
19. Cundy A., Long A., Hill C., Spencer C., and Croudace I. Sedimentary response of Pagham Harbour, southern England to barrier breaching in AD 1910. Geomorphology 1156 (2002)
20. De Boois, H. 1982. Veranderingen in het milieu en de vegetatie in de Biesbosch door afsluiting van het Haringvliet, Masters thesis, Wageningen.
21. Dame R.T., Chzranowski T., Bildstein K., Kjervfer B., McKellar H., Nelson D., Spurrier J., Stancyk S., Stevenson H., Vernberg J., and Zingmark R. The outwelling hypothesis and North Inlet, South Carolina. Marine Ecology Progress Series 33 (1986) 217-229
22. Edwards K., and Proffitt C. Comparison of wetland structural characteristics between created and natural salt marshes in southwest Louisiana, USA. Wetlands 23 (2003) 344-356
23. Ellenberg H. Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen (1963), Ulmer, Stuttgart
24. EUNIS. European Nature Information System (2008). http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/index.jsp
25. French P.W. Managed realignment - the developing story of a comparatively new approach to soft engineering. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 67 (2006) 409-423
26. Garbutt R., Reading C., Wolters M., Gray A., and Rothery P. Monitoring the development of intertidal habitats on former agricultural land after the managed realignment of coastal defences at Tollesbury, Essex, UK. Marine Pollution Bulletin 53 (2006)
27. Gribsholt B., Boschker H., Struyf E., Andersson M., Tramper A., Brabandere L.D., Damme S.V., Brion N., Meire P., Dehairs F., Middelburg J., and Heip C. Nitrogen processing in a tidal freshwater marsh: a whole ecosystem 15N labeling study. Limnology Oceanography 50 (2005) 1945-1959
28. Hirons G., Kew J., Smith K., and Pilcher R. Regulated Tidal Exchange - a Saline Sollution? Report of a Study Tour to USA to Determine the Potential of Regulated Tidal Exchange for Coastal Habitat creation, restoration and Management in the UK. Technical report (2002), Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
29. Howarth R., Billen G., Swaney D., Townsend A., Jaworski N., Lajtha K., Downing J., Elmgren R., Caraco N., Jordan T., Berendse F., Freney J., Kudeyarov V., Murdoch P., and Zhao-Liang Z. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: natural and human influences. Nitrogen Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean and its Watersheds (1996), Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, the Netherlands pp. 141-180
30. Jacobs S., Struyf E., Maris T., and Meire P. Spatiotemporal aspects of silica buffering in restored tidal marshes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 80 (2008) 42-52
31. Jacobs, S., 2009. Silica cycling and vegetation development in a restored freshwater tidal marsh. Antwerp University, Ecosysteme Management Research Group.
32. Lamberth, C. and Haycock, N. 2002. Regulated Tidal Exchange: an Intertidal Habitat Creation Technique, Technical report, Report by Haycock Associates Limited.
33. Lebreton J.D., Sabatier R., Banco G., and Bacou A.M. Principal component and correspondence analyses with respect to instrumental variables: an overview of their role in studies of structure-activity and species- environment relationships. In: Devillers J., and Karcher W. (Eds). Applied Multivariate Analysis in SAR and Environmental Studies (1991), Kluwer Academic Publishers 85-114
34. Levine J., Brewer J., and Bertness M. Nutrients, competition and plant zonation in a New England salt marsh. Journal of Ecology 86 (1998) 285-292
35. Macleod C., Scrimshaw M., Emmerson R., Chang Y., and Lester J. Geochemical changes in metal and nutrient loading at Orplands Farm managed retreat site, Essex, UK (April 1995-1997). Marine Pollution Bulletin 38 (1999) 1115-1125
36. Manly B. Randomization and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology (1991), Chapman and Hall, London
37. Maris T., Cox T., Temmerman S., De Vleeschauwer P., Van Damme S., De Mulder T., Van den Bergh E., and Meire P. Tuning the tide: creating ecological conditions for tidal marsh development in a flood control area. Hydrobiologia 588 (2007) 31-34
38. Massart J. Review of the Botanical Biogeography of the Littoral and Alluvial Districts of Belgium (1908), Rec. Inst. Bot. Léo Errera
39. Meire P., Ysebaert T., Damme S.V., den Bergh E.V., Maris T., and Struyf E. The Scheldt estuary: a description of a changing ecosystem. Hydrobiologia 540 (2005) 1-11
40. Morris R., Reach I., Duffy M., Collins T., and Leafe R. On the loss of salt marshes in south-east England and the relationship with Nereis diversicolor. Journal of Applied Ecology 41 (2004) 787-791
41. Möller I., and Spencer T. Wave dissipation over macro-tidal saltmarshes: effects of marsh edge typology and vegetation change. Journal of Coastal Research 36 (2002) 506-521
42. Perry J., Barnard T., Bradshaw J., Friedrichs C., Havens K., Mason P., Priest W., and Silberhorn G. Creating tidal salt marshes in the Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Coastal Research 27 (2001) 170-191
43. Quammen, M. (Sept-Oct 1986) Measuring the success of wetland mitigation. National Wetlands Newsletter, 6-8.
44. R. The R foundation for statistical computing (2008). http://www.R-project.org [2.7.2]
45. Roman C.T., Raposa K.B., Adamowicz S.C., James-Pirri M., and Catena J.G. Quantifying Vegetation and Nekton Response to Tidal Restoration of a New England Salt Marsh. Restoration Ecology 103 (2002) 450-460
46. Sabatier R., Lebreton J., and Chessel D. Multiway Data Analysis (1989), Elsevier Science Publishers B.V, North-Holland chapter Principal component analysis with instrumental variables as a tool for modelling composition data. pp. 341-352
47. Snow A.A., and Vince S.W. Plant zonation in an Alaskan salt marsh. II. An experimental study of the role of edaphic conditions. Journal of Ecology 72 (1984) 669-684
48. Soetaert K., Middelburg J., Heip C., Meire P., Van Damme S., and Maris T. 'Long-term change in dissolved inorganic nutrients in the heterotrophic Scheldt estuary (Belgium, The Netherlands)'. Limnology and Oceanography 51 (2006) 409-423
49. Spurrier J., and Kjerfve B. Estimating the net flux of nutrients between a salt marsh and a tidal creek. Estuaries 11 (1988) 10-14
50. Struyf E., and Conley D. Silica: an essential nutrient in wetland biogeochemistry. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7 (2009) 88-94
51. Struyf E., Damme S.V., Gribsholt B., Bal K., and Beauchard O. Phragmites australis and silica cycling in tidal wetlands. In: Middelburg J.J., and Meire P. (Eds). Aquatic Botany 87 (2007) 134-140
52. Struyf E., Dausse A., Van Damme S., Bal K., Gribsholt B., Boschker H., Middelburg J., and Meire P. Tidal marshes and biogenic silica recycling at the land-sea interface. Limnology and Oceanography 51 (2006) 838-846
53. Struyf E., Jacobs S., Meire P., Jensen K., and Barendregt A. Plant communities of European tidal freshwater wetlands. In: Barendregt A., Whigham D.F., and Baldwin A.H. (Eds). Tidal Freshwater Wetlands (2009), Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands 59-70
54. Temmerman S., Govers G., Meire P., and Wartel S. Modelling long-term tidal marsh growth under changing tidal conditions and suspended sediment concentrations, Scheldt estuary, Belgium. Marine Geology 193 (2003) 151-169
55. Thioulouse J., Simier M., and Chessel D. Simultanous analysis of a sequence of paired ecological tables. Ecology 85 (2004) 272-283
56. Ungar I. Are biotic factors significant in influencing the distribution of halophytes in saline habitats?. Botanical Review 64 (1998) 176-199
57. Weinstein M. Ecological restoration and estuarine management: placing people in a coastal landscape. Journal of Applied Ecology 4 (2007) 1-9
58. Wiehe P. A quantitative study of the influence of tide upon the population of Salicornia europaea. Journal of Ecology 23 (1935) 323-333
59. Williams P., and Orr M. Physical development of restored breached levee salt marshes in the San Francisco Bay estuary. Restoration Ecology 10 (2002) 527-542
60. Wollast R. The Scheldt estuary. In: Salomon W., Bayne W.L., Duursma E.K., and Forstner U. (Eds). Pollution of the North-Sea: An Assessment (1988), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 183-193
61. Wolters M., Bakker J.P., Bertness M.D., Jefferies R.L., and Möller I. Saltmarsh erosion and restoration in south-east England: squeezing the evidence requires realignment. Journal of Applied Ecology 42 (2005) 844-851
62. Wolters M., Garbutt A., and Bakker J. Plant colonization after managed realignment: the relative importance of diaspore dispersal. Journal of Applied Ecology 42 (2005) 770-777
63. Wolters M., Garbutt A., Bekker R.M., Bakker J.P., and Carey P.D. Restoration of salt-marsh vegetation in relation to site suitability, species pool and dispersal traits. Journal of Applied Ecology 45 (2008) 904-912
64. Zonneveld, I.S. 1960. De Brabantse Biesbosch: een studie van bodem en vegetatie van een zoetwatergetijdendelta.