Biotechnology innovation systems in two small countries: A comparison of Portugal and Ireland

Science and Public Policy

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 359-370

  Calvert, Jane ^a   Senker, Jacqueline ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOTECHNOLOGY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE; INNOVATION; TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT;

EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; IRELAND; PORTUGAL; SOUTHERN EUROPE; WESTERN EUROPE; WORLD;

EID: 7044284729     PISSN: 03023427     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3152/147154304781779840     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Arrow, K (1962), "Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention", in R Nelson (editor), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity (Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ).
2. Burke, K, S O'Hara, N Keon and C Reid (2001), "National case study of Ireland", European Biotechnology Innovation Systems (EBIS (EC TSER Contract no SOE1-CT98-1117).
3. Calvert, J (2003), Effectiveness of Innovation Policies: Biotechnology in Portugal (1994-2001) (SPRU Science and Technology Policy Research University of Sussex, Brighton, UK).
4. Enzing, C, J Benedictus, E Engelen-Smeets, J Senker, P Martin, T Reiss, H Schmidt, G Assouline, P B Joly and L Nesta (1999), Inventory of Public Biotechnology R&D Programmes in Europe, three volumes (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg).
5. Eurostat (2000), Eurostat Yearbook 2000: a Statistical Eye on Europe Data 1988-98 (European Communities, Luxembourg).
6. Fontes, M (2000), "Country report - Portugal", Final Report of RISE RTOs in the Service Economy (University of Brighton, Brighton, UK) available at , last accessed 4 March 2003.
7. Fontes, M, and Q Novais (1998), "The conditions for the development of a biotechnology industry in Portugal: the impact of country specific factors", Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 10(4 , pages 497-509.
8. Fontes, M, and R Coombs (2001), "Contribution of new technology - based firms to the strengthening of technological capabilities in intermediate economies", Research Policy, 30, pages 79-97.
9. Martin, B R (1996), "The use of multiple indicators in the assessment of basic research", Scientometrics, 36(3), July-August, pages 343-362.
10. Metcalfe, S, and L Georghiou (1998), "Equilibrium and evolutionary foundations of technology policy", STI Review, 22, Special issue on new rationale approaches in technology and innovation policy, pages 76-99.
11. Meyer-Krahmer, F, and U Schmoch (1998), "Science-based technologies: university-industry interactions in four fields", Research Policy 27, pages 835-851.
12. Nelson, R (1959), "The simple economics of basic research", Journal of Political Economy, 6, pages 297-306.
13. OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003), OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators (MSTI): 2003/2 Edition, available at , last accessed 16 May 2004.
14. Pavitt, K (1998), "The social shaping of the national science base", Research Policy, 27, pages 793-805.
15. Senker, J (2003), Effectiveness of Innovation Policies: Biotechnology in Ireland (1994-2001) (SPRU Science and Technology Policy Research University of Sussex, Brighton, UK).
16. Senker, J, P van Zwanenberg, Y Caloghirou, S Zambarloukos, F Kolisis, C Enzing, S Kern, V Mangematin, R Martinsen, E Munoz, V Diaz, J Espinosa de los Monteros, S O'Hara, K Burke, T Reiss and S Woerner (2001), Final Report: European Biotechnology Innovation Systems (TSER Project no SOE1-CT98-1117).
17. Sharp, M (1998), "Competitiveness and cohesion - are the two compatible?", Research Policy, 27, pages 569-588.