A mechanism for the high rate of sea ice thinning in the Arctic Ocean

Journal of Climate

Volumn 17, Issue 18, 2004, Pages 3623-3632

  Bitz, C M ^a   Roe, G H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES; SUBMARINES; THERMODYNAMICS;

CLIMATE MODEL; ICE DYNAMICS;

SEA ICE;

CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE MODELING; ICE THICKNESS; MELTING; SEA ICE; THERMODYNAMICS;

ARCTIC OCEAN; OCEANIC REGIONS; WORLD;

EID: 7044229884     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3623:AMFTHR>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Briegleb, B. P., C. M. Bitz, E. C. Hunke, W. H. Lipscomb, and J. L. Schramm, cited 2002: Description of the Community Climate System Model version 2 sea ice model. [Available on-line at http://www.ccsm.ucar.edu/models/ccsm2.0/csim/.]
2. Cubasch, U., R. Voss, G. C. Hegerl, J. Waszkewitz, and T. J. Crowley, 1997: Simulation of the influence of solar radiation variations on the global climate with an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Climate Dyn., 13, 757-767.
3. Ebert, E. E., and J. A. Curry, 1993: An intermediate one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model for investigating ice-atmosphere interactions. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10 085-10 109.
4. Gillett, N. P., M. Allen, R. E. McDonald, C. A. Senior, D. T. Shindell, and G. A. Schmidt, 2002: How linear is the Arctic Oscillation response to greenhouse gases? J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4022, doi:10.1029/2001JD000589.
5. Gordon, C., C. Cooper, C. A. Senior, H. T. Banks, J. M. Gregory, T. C. Johns, J. F. B. Mitchell, and R. A. Wood, 2000: The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Climate Dyn., 16, 147-168.
6. Gordon, H. B., and S. P. O'Farrell, 1997: Transient climate change in the CSIRO coupled model with dynamics sea ice. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 875-907.
7. Hansen, J., G. Russell, A. Lacis, I. Fung, and D. Rind, 1985: Climate response times: Dependence on climate sensitivity and ocean mixing. Science, 229, 857-859.
8. Hansen, J., and Coauthors, 2002: Climate forcings in Goddard Institute for Space Studies SI2000 simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4347, doi:10.1029/2001JD001143.
9. Hibler, W. D., and J. K. Hutchings, 2002: Multiple equilibrium arctic ice cover states induced by ice mechanics. Ice in the Environment: Proc. of the 16th IAHR Int. Symp. on Ice, Dunedin, New Zealand, IAHR, 228-237.
10. Holland, M. M., and C. M. Bitz, 2003: Polar amplification of climate change in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Climate Dyn., 21, 221-232.
11. Holloway, G., and T. Sou, 2002: Has Arctic sea ice rapidly thinned? J. Climate, 15, 1691-1701.
12. Houghton, J. T., Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C. A. Johnson, Eds., 2001: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, 944 pp.
13. Kolesnikov, A. G., 1958: On the growth rate of sea ice. Proc. from Arctic Sea Ice, Easton, MD, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Publ. 598, 157-161.
14. L'Heveder, B., and M.-N. Houssais, 2001: Investigating the variability of the arctic sea ice thickness in response to a stochastic thermodynamic atmospheric forcing. Climate Dyn., 17, 107-125.
15. Lindzen, R. S., and B. Farrell, 1977: Some realistic modifications of simple climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1487-1501.
16. Maykut, G. A., 1986: The surface heat and mass balance. The Geophysics of Sea Ice, N. Untersteiner, Ed., NATO ASI Series B, Vol. 146, 395-463.
17. Meehl, G. A., G. Boer, C. Covey, M. Latif, and R. Stouffer, 2000: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 313-318.
18. North, G. R., and J. A. Coakley Jr., 1979: Differences between seasonal and mean annual energy balance model calculations of climate and climate sensitivity. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1189-1204.
19. Rigor, I. G., J. M. Wallace, and R. L. Colony, 2002: Response of sea ice to the Arctic Oscillation. J. Climate, 15, 2648-2668.
20. Rothrock, D. A., Y. Yu, and G. A. Maykut, 1999: Thinning of the arctic sea ice cover. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3469-3472.
21. Rothrock, D. A., J. Zhang, and Y. Yu, 2003: The arctic ice thickness anomaly of the 1990s: A consistent view from observations and models. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3083, doi:10.1029/2001JC001208.
22. Semtner, A. J., 1976: A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigations of climate. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 379-389.
23. Steele, M., D. Thomas, D. Rothrock, and S. Martin, 1996: A simple model study of the arctic ocean freshwater balance. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20 833-20 848.
24. Thorndike, A. S., 1992: A toy model linking atmospheric thermal radiation and sea ice growth. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9401-9410.
25. Trenberth, K. E., and J. M. Caron, 2001: Estimates of meridional atmosphere and ocean heat transports. J. Climate, 14, 3433-3443.
26. Tucker, W. B., III, J. W. Weatherly, D. T. Epller, D. Farmer, and D. L. Bentley, 2001: Evidence for rapid thinning of sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean at the end of the 1980s. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2851-2854.
27. Untersteiner, N., 1961: On the mass and heat budget of arctic sea ice. Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol. Ser. A, 12, 151-182.
28. Untersteiner, N., 1964: Calculations of temperature regime and heat budget of sea ice in the Central Arctic. J. Geophys. Res., 69, 4755-4766.
29. Wadhams, P, and N. R. Davis, 2000: Further evidence of ice thinning in the Arctic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3973-3975.
30. Zhang, J., D. Rothrock, and M. Steele, 2000: Recent changes in Arctic sea ice: The interplay between ice dynamics and thermodynamics. J. Climate, 13, 3099-3114.