Exploring stormfront: A virtual community of the radical right

Studies in Conflict and Terrorism

Volumn 32, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 989-1007

  Bowman Grieve, Lorraine ^a  

^a LEEDS TRINITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70350764715     PISSN: 1057610X     EISSN: 15210731     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10576100903259951     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Lori Kendall, Recontextualising Cyberspace: Methodological Considerations for Online Research, in S. Jones, ed., Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net (London: Sage Publications, 1999), p. 63.
2. Lawrence K. Grossman. The Electronic Republic: Reshaping Democracy in the Information Age (New York: Viking, 1995)
3. Ian Budge, The New Challenges of Direct Democracy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996)
4. Benjamin Barber. The New Telecommunications Technology: Endless Frontier or the End of Democracy, Constellations 4(2) (1997), pp. 208-226.
5. Gabriel Weimann, Terror on the Internet: The New Arena, the New Challenges (Washington, DC: The United States Institute of Peace Press, 2006).
6. Michael Dartnell, Insurgency Online (2001), available at http://zeus.uwindsor.ca/courses/ps/dartnell/mrta.html (accessed 24 May 2003).
7. Maura Conway. Cybercortical Warfare: The Case of Hizbollah.org. Paper presented at the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) Joint Sessions of Workshops, Edinburgh, UK, 28 March-2 April 2003.
8. Michael Whine, Cyberspace: A New Medium for Communication, Command and Control by Extremists, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 22(3) (1999), pp. 231-245.
9. Kenneth V. Lanning, Child Molesters: A Behavioural Analysis (Washington, DC: National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, 1992).
10. Aaron Delwiche, Transnational Virtual Communities, The University of Washington (1998), available at http://carmen.artsci.washington.edu/cmu418/lecture10/vc1html (accessed 9 March 2003), p. 1.
11. Jan Fernback, There is a There There: Notes toward a Definition of Cybercommunity, in S. Jones, ed., Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net (London: Sage Publications, 1999), pp. 203-221.
12. Steve Jones, Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net (London: Sage Publications 1999).
13. James T. Costigan, Introduction: Forests, Trees, and Internet Research, in S. Jones, ed., Doing Internet Research: Critical Issues and Methods for Examining the Net (London: Sage Publications, 1999), pp. xiii-1.
14. The concept of hate crime may also be applied, particularly as a means of enabling the prosecution of acts that fall into this category; this criminal focus is problematic in cases where it diminishes the political nature of such crimes.
15. Tore Bjørgo, Extreme Nationalism and Violent Discourses in Scandanavia: 'The Resis- tance', 'Traitors' and 'Foreign Invaders,' Terrorism and Political Violence 7(1) (1995), pp. 182-220.
16. Ibid.
17. Leonard Weinberg, Introduction, in P. M. Merkl and L. Weinberg, eds., Encounters with the Radical Right (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993).
18. Jeffery Kaplan, Right-Wing Violence in North America, Terrorism and Political Violence 7(1) (1995), pp. 44-95.
19. Tanya Telfair-Sharpe, The Identity Christian Movement: Ideology of Domestic Terrorism, Journal of Black Studies 30(4) (2000), pp. 604-623.
20. Kaplan, Right-Wing Violence in North America.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Klan Watch Intelligence Report (Montgomery, AL: Southern Poverty Law Center, April 1992).
24. Telfair-Sharpe, The Identity Christian Movement.
25. Kaplan, Right-Wing Violence in North America.
26. Southern Poverty Law Center, Family of Judge Targeted by Hate Group Murdered (March 2005), available at www.splcenter.org/intel/news/item.jsp?aid11
27. Kaplan, Right-Wing Violence in North America.
28. Ibid.
29. Martin A. Lee, Reawakening the Beast, Intelligence Report for the Southern Poverty Law Center (Autumn 2001), available at http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?pid=334 (accessed 14 May, 2005).
30. Bjørgo, Extreme Nationalism and Violent Discourses in Scandanavia.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid., p. 183.
34. John M. Cotter, Sounds of Hate: White Power Rock and Roll and the Neo-Nazi Skinhead Subculture, Terrorism & Political Violence 11(2) (1999), pp. 111-140.
35. Ibid.
36. Mein Kampf (written by Adolf Hitler, Munich: Franz Eher Nachfolger, 1930) and The Turner Diaries (written by William Pierce under the pseudonym Andrew MacDonald, New York: Barricade Books, Inc., 1978) are considered key literature or propaganda by many proponents of the radical right.
37. Cotter, Sounds of Hate.
38. The phrase originally comes from Mein Kampf: What we must fight for is to safeguard the existence and reproduction of our race and our people, the sustenance of our children and the purity of our blood, the freedom and independence of the fatherland, so that our people may mature for the fulfilment of the mission allotted it by the creator of the universe.
39. Awakening refers to the acknowledgment and acceptance of radical right ideals. It is also the title of David Duke's most popular book (often referred to as a key piece of White Pride literature). It is a loaded term implying a new world of awareness and knowledge, which also implies a sense of being set apart from those who do not accept these ideals. It also implies a higher sense of morality possessed by those few who are awakened and enlightened; the awakened few (the chosen ones) versus the unawakened masses (the sheeple).
40. Teon A. van Dijk. Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach (London: Sage Publications, 1998).
41. David Mann, Mike Sutton, and Rachael Tuffin, The Evolution of Hate: Social Dynamics in White Racist Newsgroups, Internet Journal of Criminology (2003), available at http://www.ligali.org/pdf/evolution_of_hate.pdf
42. Beverly Ray and George E. Marsh II, Recruitment by Extremist Groups on the Internet, First Monday 6(2) (2001), available at http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/834/743
43. Emoticons are symbols or combination of symbols used to indicate mood and convey emotional content in text form.
44. Newbies refers to new members to the community; they are often considered as being in need of guidance.
45. David Duke, My Awakening: A Path to Radical Understanding (Mandeville, LA: Free Speech Books, 1998).
46. Maxwell Taylor, The Fanatics: A Behavioural Approach to Political Violence (London: Brasseys, 1991).
47. Donatella della Porta, Political Socialization in Left-Wing Underground Organizations: Biographies of Italian and German Militants, in D. della Porta, ed., Social Movements and Violence: Participation in Underground Organizations (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1992), pp. 259-290.
48. Florence Passy, Socialization, Recruitment, and the Structure/Agency Gap. A Specification of the Impact of Networks on Participation in Social Movements (2000), available at http://www.nd.edu/~dmyers/lomond/passy.pdf (accessed 23 May, 2004).
49. David A. Snow, Louis A. Zurcher, and Sheldon Ekland-Olson, Social Networks and Social Movements:AMicrostructuralApproachtoDifferentialRecruitment,AmericanSociologicalReview 45 (1980), pp. 787-801
50. Bert G. Klandermans, Mobilization and Participation in Social Movements: A Socio-Psychological Expansion of the Resource Mobilization Theory, American Sociological Review 49 (1984), pp. 583-600.
51. Taylor, The Fanatics.
52. Donatella della Porta, Recruitment Processes in Clandestine Political Organizations: Italian Left-Wing Terrorism, International Social Movement Research 1 (1988), pp. 155-169
53. Marc Sageman, Understanding Terrorist Networks (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004).
54. Karsten Hundeide, Becoming a Committed Insider:Acquiring Skills Through Participation as an Apprentice in a Community of Practice, Culture and Psychology 9(2) (2003), pp. 107-127.